personal memoirs-2-第2章

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Stephenson's　depot；　and　later；　the　two　sent　to　Martinsburg；　the

disjointed　state　of　the　enemy　giving　me　an　opportunity　to　take　him　in

detail；　unless　the　Martinsburg　column　should　be　returned　by　forced

marches。



While　General　Early　was　in　the　telegraph　office　at　Martinsburg　on　the

morning　of　the　18th；　he　learned　of　Grant's　visit　to　me；　and

anticipating　activity　by　reason　of　this　circumstance；　he　promptly

proceeded　to　withdraw　so　as　to　get　the　two　divisions　within

supporting　distance　of　Ramseur's；　which　lay　across　the　Berryville

pike　about　two　miles　east　of　Winchester；　between　Abraham's　Creek　and

Red　Bud　Run；　so　by　the　night　of　the　18th　Wharton's　division；　under

Breckenridge；　was　at　Stephenson's　depot；　Rodes　near　there；　and

Gordon's　at　Bunker　Hill。　　At　daylight　of　the　19th　these　positions　of

the　Confederate　infantry　still　obtained；　with　the　cavalry　of　Lomax；

Jackson；　and　Johnson　on　the　right　of　Ramseur；　while　to　the　left　and

rear　of　the　enemy；s　general　line　was　Fitzhugh　Lee；　covering　from

Stephenson's　depot　west　across　the　Valley　pike　to　Applepie　Ridge。



My　army　moved　at　3　o'clock　that　morning。　　The　plan　was　for　Torbert　to

advance　with　Merritt's　division　of　cavalry　from　Summit　Point；　carry

the　crossings　of　the　Opequon　at　Stevens's　and　Lock's　fords；　and　form

a　junction　near　Stephenson's　depot；　with　Averell；　who　was　to　move

south　from　Darksville　by　the　Valley　pike。　　Meanwhile；　Wilson　was　to

strike　up　the　Berryville　pike；　carry　the　Berryville　crossing　of　the

Opequon；　charge　through　the　gorge　or　canyon　on　the　road　west　of　the

stream；　and　occupy　the　open　ground　at　the　head　of　this　defile。

Wilson's　attack　was　to　be　supported　by　the　Sixth　and　Nineteenth

corps；　which　were　ordered　to　the　Berryville　crossing；　and　as　the

cavalry　gained　the　open　ground　beyond　the　gorge；　the　two　infantry

corps；　under　command　of　General　Wright；　were　expected　to　press　on

after　and　occupy　Wilson's　ground；　who　was　then　to　shift　to　the　south

bank　of　Abraham's　Creek　and　cover　my　left；　Crook's　two　divisions；

having　to　march　from　Summit　Point；　were　to　follow　the　Sixth　and

Nineteenth　corps　to　the　Opcquon；　and　should　they　arrive　before　the

action　began；　they　were　to　be　held　in　reserve　till　the　proper　moment

came；　and　then；　as　a　turning…column；　be　thrown　over　toward　the　Valley

pike；　south　of　Winchester。



McIntosh's　brigade　of　Wilson's　division　drove　the　enemy's　pickets

away　from　the　Berryville　crossing　at　dawn；　and　Wilson　following

rapidly　through　the　gorge　with　the　rest　of　the　division；　debouched

from　its　western　extremity　with　such　suddenness　as　to　capture　a　small

earthwork　in　front　of　General　Ramseur's　main　line；　and　not…

withstanding　the　Confederate　infantry；　on　recovering　from　its

astonishment；　tried　hard　to　dislodge　them；　Wilson's　troopers

obstinately　held　the　work　till　the　Sixth　Corps　came　up。　　I　followed

Wilson　to　select　the　ground　on　which　to　form　the　infantry。　　The　Sixth

Corps　began　to　arrive　about　8　o'clock；　and　taking　up　the　line　Wilson

had　been　holding；　just　beyond　the　head　of　the　narrow　ravine；　the

cavalry　was　transferred　to　the　south　side　of　Abraham's　Creek。



The　Confederate　line　lay　along　some　elevated　ground　about　two　miles

east　of　Winchester；　and　extended　from　Abraham's　Creek　north　across

the　Berryville　pike；　the　left　being　hidden　in　the　heavy　timber　on　Red

Bud　Run。　　Between　this　line　and　mine；　especially　on　my　right；　clumps

of　woods　and　patches　of　underbrush　occurred　here　and　there；　but　the

undulating　ground　consisted　mainly　of　open　fields；　many　of　which　were

covered　with　standing　corn　that　had　already　ripened。



Much　time　was　lost　in　getting　all　of　the　Sixth　and　Nineteenth　corps

through　the　narrow　defile；　Grover's　division　being　greatly　delayed

there　by　a　train　of　ammunition　wagons；　and　it　was　not　until　late　in

the　forenoon　that　the　troops　intended　for　the　attack　could　be　got

into　line　ready　to　advance。　　General　Early　was　not　slow　to　avail

himself　of　the　advantages　thus　offered　him；　and　my　chances　of

striking　him　in　detail　were　growing　less　every　moment；　for　Gordon　and

Rodes　were　hurrying　their　divisions　from　Stephenson's　depotacross…

country　on　a　line　that　would　place　Gordon　in　the　woods　south　of　Red

Bud　Run；　and　bring　Rodes　into　the　interval　between　Gordon　and

Ramseur。



When　the　two　corps　had　all　got　through　the　canyon　they　were　formed

with　Getty's　division　of　the　Sixth　to　the　left　of　the　Berryville

pike；　Rickett's　division　to　the　right　of　the　pike；　and　Russell's

division　in　reserve　in　rear　of　the　other　two。　　Grover's　division　of

the　Nineteenth　Corps　came　next　on　the　right　of　Rickett's；　with　Dwight

to　its　rear　in　reserve；　while　Crook　was　to　begin　massing　near　the

Opequon　crossing　about　the　time　Wright　and　Emory　were　ready　to

attack。



Just　before　noon　the　line　of　Getty；　Ricketts；　and　Grover　moved

forward；　and　as　we　advanced；　the　Confederates；　covered　by　some　heavy

woods　on　their　right；　slight　underbrush　and　corn…fields　along　their

Centre；　and　a　large　body　of　timber　on　their　left　along　the　Red　Bud；

opened　fire　from　their　whole　front。　　We　gained　considerable　ground　at

first；　especially　on　our　left　but　the　desperate　resistance　which　the

right　met　with　demonstrated　that　the　time　we　had　unavoidably　lost　in

the　morning　had　been　of　incalculable　value　to　Early；　for　it　was

evident　that　he　had　been　enabled　already　to　so　far　concentrate　his

troops　as　to　have　the　different　divisions　of　his　army　in　a　connected

line　of　battle；　in　good　shape　to　resist。



Getty　and　Ricketts　made　some　progress　toward　Winchester　in　connection

with　Wilson's　cavalry；　which　was　beyond　the　Senseny　road　on　Getty's

left；　and　as　they　were　pressing　back　Ramseur's　infantry　and　Lomax's

cavalry　Grover　attacked　from　the　right　with　decided　effect。　　Grover

in　a　few　minutes　broke　up　Evans's　brigade　of　Gordon's　division；　but

his　pursuit　of　Evans　destroyed　the　continuity　of　my　general　line；　and

increased　an　interval　that　had　already　been　made　by　the　deflection　of

Ricketts　to　the　1eft；　in　obedience　to　instructions　that　had　been

given　him　to　guide　his　division　on　the　Berryville　pike。　　As　the　line

pressed　forward；　Ricketts　observed　this　widening　interval　and

endeavored　to　fill　it　with　the　small　brigade　of　Colonel　Keifer；　but

at　this　juncture　both　Gordon　and　Rodes　struck　the　weak　spot　where　the

right　of　the　Sixth　Corps　and　the　left　of　the　Nineteenth　should　have

been　in　conjunction；　and　succeeded　in　checking　my　advance　by　driving

back　a　part　of　Ricketts's　division；　and　the　most　of　Grover's。　　As

these　troops　were　retiring　I　ordered　Russell's　reserve　division　to　be

put　into　action；　and　just　as　the　flank　of　the　enemy's　troops　in

pursuit　of　Grover　was　presented；　Upton's　brigade；　led　in　person　by

both　Russell　and　Upton；　struck　it　in　a　charge　so　vigorous　as　to　drive

the　Confederates　back　in　turn　to　their　original　ground。



The　success　of　Russell　enabled　me　to　re…establish　the　right　of　my

line　some　little　distance　in　advance　of　the　position　from　which　it

started　in　the　morning；　and　behind　Russell's　division　（now　commanded

by　Upton）　the　broken　regiments　of　Ricketts's　division　were　rallied。

Dwight's　division　was　then　brought　up　on　the　right；　and　Grover's　men

formed　behind　it。



The　charge　of　Russell　was　most　opportune；　but　it　cost　many　men　in

killed　and　wounded。　　Among　the　former　was　the　courageous　Russell

himself；　killed　by　a　piece　of　shell　that　passed　through　his　heart；

although　he　had　previously　been　struck　by　a　bullet　in　the　left

breast；　which　wound；　from　its　nature；　must　have　proved　mortal；　yet　of

which　he　had　not　spoken。　　Russell's　death　oppressed　us　all　with

sadness；　and　me　particularly。　　In　the　early　days　of　my　army　life　he

was　my　captain　and　friend；　and　I　was　deeply　indebted　to　him；　not　only

for　sound　advice　and　good　example；　but　for　the　inestimable　service　he

had　just　performed；　and　sealed　with　his　life；　so　it　may　be　inferred

how　keenly　I　felt　his　loss。



As　my　lines　were　being　rearranged；　it　was　suggested　to　me　to　put

Crook　into　the　battle；　but　so　strongly　had　I　set　my　heart　on　using

him　to　take　possession　of　the　Valley　pike　and　cut　off　the　enemy；　that

I　resisted　this　advice；　hoping　that　the　necessity　for　putting　him　in

would　be　obviated　by　the　attack　near　Stephenson's　depot　that

Torbert's　cavalry　was　to　make；　and　from　which　I　was　momentarily

expecting　to　hear。　　No　news　of　Torbert's　progress　came；　however；　so；

yielding　at　last；　I　directed　Crook　to　take　post　on　the　right　of　the

Nineteenth　Corps　and；　when　the　action　was　renewed；　to　push　his

command　forward　as　a　turning…column　in　conjunction　with　Emory。　　After

some　delay　in　the　annoying　defile；　Crook　got　his　men　up；　and　posting

Colonel　Thoburn's　division　on　the　prolongation　of　the　Nineteenth

Corps；　he　formed　Colonel　Duval's　division　to　the　right　of　Thoburn。

Here　I　joined　Crook；　informing　him　that　I　had　just　got　word　that

Torbert　was　driving　the　enemy　in　confusion　along　the　Martinsburg　pike

toward　Winchester；　at　the　same　time　I　directed　him　to　attack　the

moment　all　of　Duval's　men　were　in　line。　　Wright　was　instructed　to

advance　in　concert　with　Crook；　by　swinging　Emory　and　the　right　of　the

Sixth　Corps　to　the　left　together　in　a　half…wheel。　　Then　leaving

Crook；　I　rode　along　the　Sixth　and　Nineteenth　corps；　the　open　ground

over　which　they　were　passing　affording　a　rare　opportunity　to　witness

the　precision　with　which　the　attack　was　taken　up　from　right　to　left。

Crook's　success　began　the　moment　he　started　to　turn　the　enemy's　left；

and　assured　by　the　fact　that　Torbert　had　stampeded　the　Confederate

cavalry　and　thrown　Breckenridge's　infantry　into　such　disorder　that　it

could　do　little　to　prevent　the　envelopment　of　Gordon's　left；　Crook

pressed　forward　without　even　a　halt。



Both　Emory　and　Wright　took　up　the　fight　as　ordered；　and　as　they　did

so　I　sent　word　to　Wilson；　in　the　hope　that　he　could　partly　perform

the　work　originally　laid　out　for　Crook；　to　push　along　the　Senseny

road　and；　if　possible；　gain　the　valley　pike　south　of　Winchester。　　I

then　returned　toward　my　right　flank；　and　as　I　reached　the　Nineteenth

Corps　the　enemy　was　contesting　the　ground　in　its　front　with　great

obstinacy；　but　Emory's　dogged　persistence　was　at　length　rewarded　with

success；　just　as　Crook's　command　emerged　from　the　morass　of　Red　Bud

Run；　and　swept　around　Gordon；　toward　the　right　of　Breckenridge；　who；

with　two　of　Wharton's　brigades；　was　holding　a　line　at　right　angles

with　the　Valley　pike　for　the　protection　of　the　Confederate　rear。

Early　had　ordered　these　two　brigades　back　from　Stephenson's　depot　in

the　morning；　purposing　to　protect　with　them　his　right　flank　and　line

of　retreat；　but　while　they　were　en　route　to　this　end；　he　was　obliged

to　recall　them　to　his　left　to　meet　Crook's　attack。



To　confront　Torbert；　Patton's　brigade　of　infantry　and　some　of

Fitzhugh　Lee's　cavalry　had　been　left　back　by　Breckenridge；　but；　with

Averell　on　the　west　side　of　the　Valley　pike　and　Merritt　on　the　east；

Torbert　bega