personal memoirs-2-第27章

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President　Johnson's　policy　of　reconstruction；　a　policy　resting

exclusively　on　and　inspired　solely　by　the　executive　authorityfor　it

was　made　plain；　by　his　language　and　his　acts；　that　he　was　seeking　to

rehabilitate　the　seceded　States　under　conditions　differing　not　a　whit

from　those　existing　before　the　rebellion；　that　is　to　say；　without　the

slightest　constitutional　provision　regarding　the　status　of　the

emancipated　slaves；　and　with　no　assurances　of　protection　for　men　who

had　remained　loyal　in　the　war。



In　December；　1866；　Congress　took　hold　of　the　subject　with　such　vigor

as　to　promise　relief　from　all　these　perplexing　disorders；　and；　after

much　investigation　and　a　great　deal　of　debate；　there　resulted　the　so…

called　〃Reconstruction　Laws；〃　which；　for　a　clear　understanding　of　the

powers　conferred　on　the　military　commanders；　I　deem　best　to　append　in

full：



AN　ACT　to　provide　for　the　more　efficient　government　of　the　rebel

States。



WHEREAS；　no　legal　State　governments　or　adequate　protection　for　life

or　property　now　exist　in　the　rebel　States　of　Virginia；　North

Carolina；　South　Carolina；　Georgia；　Mississippi；　Alabama；　Louisiana；

Florida；　Texas；　and　Arkansas；　and　whereas；　it　is　necessary　that　peace

and　good　order　should　be　enforced　in　said　States　until　loyal　and

republican　State　governments　can　be　legally　established；　therefore；



BE　IT　ENACTED　by　the　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives　of　the

United　States　of　America　in　Congress　assembled；　That　said　rebel

States　shall　be　divided　into　military　districts　and　made　subject　to

the　military　authority　of　the　United　States　as　hereinafter

prescribed；　and　for　that　purpose　Virginia　shall　constitute　the　first

district；　North　Carolina　and　South　Carolina；　the　second　district；

Georgia；　Alabama；　and　Florida；　the　third　district；　Mississippi　and

Arkansas；　the　fourth　district；　and　Louisiana　and　Texas；　the　fifth

district。



SEC。　2。　　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　it　shall　be　the　duty　of　the

President　to　assign　to　the　command　of　each　of　said　districts　an

officer　of　the　army　not　below　the　rank　of　brigadier…general；　and　to

detail　a　sufficient　military　force　to　enable　such　officer　to　perform

his　duties　and　enforce　his　authority　within　the　district　to　which　he

is　assigned。



SEC。　3。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　it　shall　be　the　duty　of　each

officer　assigned　as　aforesaid　to　protect　all　persons　in　their　rights

of　person　and　property；　to　suppress　insurrection；　disorder；　and

violence；　and　to　punish；　or　cause　to　be　punished；　all　disturbers　of

the　public　peace　and　criminals；　and　to　this　end　he　may　allow　local

civil　tribunals　to　take　jurisdiction　of　and　to　try　offenders；　or；

when　in　his　judgment　it　may　be　necessary　for　the　trial　of　offenders；

he　shall　have　power　to　organize　military　commissions　or　tribunals　for

that　purpose；　and　all　interference；　under　cover　of　State　authority；

with　the　exercise　of　military　authority　under　this　act；　shall　be　null

and　void。



SEC。　4。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　all　persons　put　under

military　arrest　by　virtue　of　this　act　shall　be　tried　without

unnecessary　delay；　and　no　cruel　or　unjust　punishment　shall　be

inflicted；　and　no　sentence　of　any　military　commission　or　tribunal

hereby　authorized　affecting　the　life　or　liberty　of　any　person；　shall

be　executed　untill　it　is　approved　by　the　officer　in　command　of　the

district；　and　the　laws　and　regulations　for　the　government　of　the　army

shall　not　be　affected　by　this　act　except　in　so　far　as　they　conflict

with　its　provisions：　Provided；　That　no　sentence　of　death；　under　the

provisions　of　this　act；　shall　be　carried　into　effect　without　the

approval　of　the　President。



SEC。　5。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　when　the　people　of　any　one　of

said　rebel　States　shall　have　formed　a　constitution　of　government　in

conformity　with　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　in　all

respects；　framed　by　a　convention　of　delegates　elected　by　the　male

citizens　of　said　State　twenty…one　years　old　and　upward；　of　whatever

race；　color；　or　previous　condition；　who　have　been　resident　in　said

State　for　one　year　previous　to　the　day　of　such　election；　except　such

as　may　be　disfranchised　for　participation　in　the　rebellion；　or　for

felony　at　common　law；　and　when　such　constitution　shall　provide　that

the　elective　franchise　shall　be　enjoyed　by　all　such　persons　as　have

the　qualifications　herein　stated　for　electors　of　delegates；　and　when

such　constitution　shall　be　ratified　by　a　majority　of　the　persons

voting　on　the　question　of　ratification　who　are　qualified　as　electors

for　delegates；　and　when　such　constitution　shall　have　been　submitted

to　Congress　for　examination　and　approval；　and　Congress　shall　have

approved　the　same；　and　when　said　State；　by　a　vote　of　its　legislature

elected　under　said　constitution；　shall　have　adopted　the　amendment　to

the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　proposed　by　the　Thirty…ninth

Congress；　and　known　as　article　fourteen；　and　when　said　article　shall

have　become　a　part　of　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States；　said

State　shall　be　declared　entitled　to　representation　in　Congress；　and

senators　and　representatives　shall　be　admitted　therefrom　on　their

taking　the　oath　prescribed　by　law；　and　then　and　thereafter　the

preceding　sections　of　this　act　shall　be　inoperative　in　said　State：

Provided；　That　no　person　excluded　from　the　privilege　of　holding

office　by　said　proposed　amendment　to　the　Constitution　of　the　United

States　shall　be　eligible　to　election　as　a　member　of　the　convention　to

frame　a　constitution　for　any　of　said　rebel　States；　nor　shall　any　such

person　vote　for　members　of　such　convention。



SEC。　6。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　until　the　people　of　said

rebel　States　shall　be　by　law　admitted　to　representation　in　the

Congress　of　the　United　States；　any　civil　government　which　may　exist

therein　shall　be　deemed　provisional　only；　and　in　all　respects　subject

to　the　paramount　authority　of　the　United　States　at　any　time　to

abolish；　modify；　control；　or　supersede　the　same；　and　in　all　elections

to　any　office　under　such　provisional　governments　all　persons　shall　be

entitled　to　vote；　and　none　others；　who　are　entitled　to　vote　under　the

fifth　section　of　this　act；　and　no　person　shall　be　eligible　to　any

office　under　any　such　provisional　governments　who　would　be

disqualified　from　holding　office　under　the　provisions　of　the　third

article　of　said　constitutional　amendment。



SCHUYLER　COLFAX；

Speaker　of　the　House　of　Representatives。



LAFAYETTE　S。　FOSTER；

President　of　the　Senate　pro　tempore。





AN　ACT　supplementary　to　an　act　entitled　〃An　act　to　provide　for　the

more　efficient　government　of　the　rebel　States；〃　passed　March　second；

eighteen　hundred　and　sixty…seven；　and　to　facilitate　restoration。



Be　it　enacted　by　the　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives　of　the

United　States　of　America　in　Congress　assembled；　That　before　the　first

day　of　September；　eighteen　hundred　and　sixty…seven；　the　commanding

general　in　each　district　defined　by　an　act　entitled　〃An　act　to

provide　for　the　more　efficient　government　of　the　rebel　States；〃

passed　March　second；　eighteen　hundred　and　sixty…seven；　shall　cause　a

registration　to　be　made　of　the　male　citizens　of　the　United　States；

twenty…one　years　of　age　and　upwards；　resident　in　each　county　or

parish　in　the　State　or　States　included　in　his　district；　which

registration　shall　include　only　those　persons　who　are　qualified　to

vote　for　delegates　by　the　act　aforesaid；　and　who　shall　have　taken　and

subscribed　the　following　oath　or　affirmation　：　〃　I；；　do

solemnly　swear　（or　affirm）；　in　the　presence　of　the　Almighty　God；　that

I　am　a　citizen　of　the　State　of　…；　that　I　have　resided　in　said

State　for…　months　next　preceding　this　day；　and　now　reside　in　the

county　of　…；　or　the　parish　of　；　in　said　State；　（as　the

case　may　be）；　that　I　am　twenty…one　years　old；　that　I　have　not　been

disfranchised　for　participation　in　any　rebellion　or　civil　war　against

the　United　States；　nor　for　felony　committed　against　the　laws　of　any

State　or　of　the　United　States；　that　I　have　never　been　a　member　of　any

State　Legislature；　nor　held　any　executive　or　judicial　office　in　any

State；　and　afterwards　engaged　in　insurrection　or　rebellion　against

the　United　States；　or　given　aid　or　comfort　to　the　enemies　thereof；

that　I　have　never　taken　an　oath　as　a　member　of　Congress　of　the　United

States；　or　as　an　officer　of　the　United　States；　or　as　a　member　of　any

State　Legislature；　or　as　an　executive　or　judicial　officer　of　any

State；　to　support　the　constitution　of　the　United　States；　and

afterwards　engaged　in　insurrection　or　rebellion　against　the　United

States　or　given　aid　or　comfort　to　the　enemies　thereof；　that　I　will

faithfully　support　the　Constitution　and　obey　the　laws　of　the　United

States；　and　will；　to　the　best　of　my　ability；　encourage　others　so　to

do：　so　help　me　God。〃；　which　oath　or　affirmation　may　be　administered

by　any　registering　officer。



SEC。　2。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　after　the　completion　of　the

registration　hereby　provided　for　in　any　State；　at　such　time　and

places　therein　as　the　commanding　general　shall　appoint　and　direct；　of

which　at　least　thirty　days'　public　notice　shall　be　given；　an　election

shall　be　held　of　delegates　to　a　convention　for　the　purpose　of

establishing　a　constitution　and　civil　government　for　such　State　loyal

to　the　Union；　said　convention　in　each　State；　except　Virginia；　to

consist　of　the　same　number　of　members　as　the　most　numerous　branch　of

the　State　Legislature　of　such　State　in　the　year　eighteen　hundred　and

sixty；　to　be　apportioned　among　the　several　districts；　counties；　or

parishes　of　such　State　by　the　commanding　general；　giving　each

representation　in　the　ratio　of　voters　registered　as　aforesaid　as

nearly　as　may　be。　　The　convention　in　Virginia　shall　consist　of　the

same　number　of　members　as　represented　the　territory　now　constituting

Virginia　in　the　most　numerous　branch　of　the　Legislature　of　said　State

in　the　year　eighteen　hundred　and　sixty；　to　be　apportioned　as

aforesaid。



SEC。　　3。　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　at　said　election　the

registered　voters　of　each　State　shall　vote　for　or　against　a

convention　to　form　a　constitution　therefor　under　this　act。　　Those

voting　in　favor　of　such　a　convention　shall　have　written　or　printed　on

the　ballots　by　which　they　vote　for　delegates；　as　aforesaid；　the　words

〃For　a　convention；〃　and　those　voting　against　such　a　convention　shall

have　written　or　printed　on　such　ballot　the　words　〃Against　a

convention。〃　The　persons　appointed　to　superintend　said　election；　and

to　make　return　of　the　votes　given　thereat；　as　herein　provided；　shall

count　and　make　return　of　the　votes　given　for　and　against　a

convention；　and　the　commanding　general　to　whom　the　same　shall　have

been　returned　shall　ascertain　and　declare　the　total　vote　in　each

State　for　and　against　a　convention。　　If　a　majority　of　the　votes　given

on　that　question　shall　be　for　a　convention；　then　such　convention

shall　be　held　as　hereinafter　prov