the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«)-µÚ23ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
omitted¡¡till¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡strength¡¡or¡¡activity¡¡left¡¡sufficient¡¡for¡¡such¡¡an¡¡
enterprise£»¡¡tho'¡¡I¡¡am¡¡still¡¡of¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡practicable¡¡scheme£»¡¡and¡¡
might¡¡have¡¡been¡¡very¡¡useful£»¡¡by¡¡forming¡¡a¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡good¡¡citizens£»¡¡
and¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡discourag'd¡¡by¡¡the¡¡seeming¡¡magnitude¡¡of¡¡the¡¡undertaking£»¡¡as¡¡
I¡¡have¡¡always¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡one¡¡man¡¡of¡¡tolerable¡¡abilities¡¡may¡¡work¡¡great¡¡
changes£»¡¡and¡¡accomplish¡¡great¡¡affairs¡¡among¡¡mankind£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡first¡¡forms¡¡a¡¡
good¡¡¡¡¡¡plan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡cutting¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡amusements¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡employments¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
would¡¡divert¡¡his¡¡attention£»¡¡makes¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡that¡¡same¡¡plan¡¡his¡¡sole¡¡
study¡¡and¡¡business¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡1732¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡publish'd¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡Almanack£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Richard¡¡
Saunders£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡continu'd¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡twenty¡five¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡¡¡commonly¡¡
call'd¡¡Poor¡¡Richard's¡¡Almanac¡£¡¡I¡¡endeavor'd¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡entertaining¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡useful£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡accordingly¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡demand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡reap'd¡¡
considerable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profit¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡vending¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡annually¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡ten¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡
observing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡read£»¡¡¡¡¡¡scarce¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡neighborhood¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
province¡¡being¡¡without¡¡it£»¡¡I¡¡consider'd¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡proper¡¡vehicle¡¡for¡¡conveying¡¡
instruction¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡¡¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡scarcely¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡
books£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡filled¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡spaces¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡occurr'd¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
remarkable¡¡days¡¡in¡¡the¡¡calendar¡¡with¡¡proverbial¡¡sentences£»¡¡chiefly¡¡such¡¡as¡¡
inculcated¡¡¡¡¡¡industry¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡frugality£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡procuring¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
thereby¡¡securing¡¡virtue£»¡¡it¡¡being¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡for¡¡a¡¡man¡¡in¡¡want£»¡¡to¡¡act¡¡
always¡¡¡¡¡¡honestly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡here¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡proverbs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
empty¡¡sack¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡up¡right¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proverbs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡contained¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wisdom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ages¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
nations£»¡¡I¡¡assembled¡¡and¡¡form'd¡¡into¡¡a¡¡connected¡¡discourse¡¡prefix'd¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
Almanack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1757£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡harangue¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡
attending¡¡an¡¡auction¡£¡¡The¡¡bringing¡¡all¡¡these¡¡scatter'd¡¡counsels¡¡thus¡¡into¡¡a¡¡
focus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enabled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡impression¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡piece£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡
universally¡¡approved£»¡¡was¡¡copied¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡newspapers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Continent£»¡¡
reprinted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡side£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡stuck¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡houses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡88¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡89¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
translations¡¡were¡¡made¡¡of¡¡it¡¡in¡¡French£»¡¡and¡¡great¡¡numbers¡¡bought¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
clergy¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gentry£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡distribute¡¡gratis¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡parishioners¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
tenants¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡Pennsylvania£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡discouraged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡useless¡¡¡¡¡¡expense¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡
superfluities£»¡¡some¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡had¡¡its¡¡share¡¡of¡¡influence¡¡in¡¡producing¡¡that¡¡
growing¡¡plenty¡¡of¡¡money¡¡which¡¡was¡¡observable¡¡for¡¡several¡¡years¡¡after¡¡its¡¡
publication¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡considered¡¡my¡¡newspaper£»¡¡also£»¡¡as¡¡another¡¡means¡¡of¡¡communicating¡¡
instruction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡frequently¡¡¡¡¡¡reprinted¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡extracts¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Spectator£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡moral¡¡writers£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡publish'd¡¡little¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡
my¡¡own£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡first¡¡compos'd¡¡for¡¡reading¡¡in¡¡our¡¡Junto¡£¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡
are¡¡a¡¡Socratic¡¡dialogue£»¡¡tending¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡that£»¡¡whatever¡¡might¡¡be¡¡his¡¡parts¡¡
and¡¡abilities£»¡¡a¡¡vicious¡¡man¡¡could¡¡not¡¡properly¡¡be¡¡called¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡sense£»¡¡
and¡¡a¡¡discourse¡¡on¡¡self¡denial£»¡¡showing¡¡that¡¡virtue¡¡was¡¡not¡¡secure¡¡till¡¡its¡¡
practice¡¡became¡¡a¡¡habitude£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡opposition¡¡of¡¡contrary¡¡
inclinations¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡papers¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡
1735¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡my¡¡newspaper£»¡¡I¡¡carefully¡¡excluded¡¡all¡¡libelling¡¡and¡¡
personal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡abuse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡disgraceful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡our¡¡
country¡£¡¡Whenever¡¡I¡¡was¡¡solicited¡¡to¡¡insert¡¡anything¡¡of¡¡that¡¡kind£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
writers¡¡pleaded£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡generally¡¡did£»¡¡the¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡press£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡a¡¡
newspaper¡¡was¡¡like¡¡a¡¡stagecoach£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡any¡¡one¡¡who¡¡would¡¡pay¡¡had¡¡a¡¡
right¡¡to¡¡a¡¡place£»¡¡my¡¡answer¡¡was£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡would¡¡print¡¡the¡¡piece¡¡separately¡¡if¡¡
desired£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡author¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡copies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡pleased¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
distribute¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡spread¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
detraction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡contracted¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡subscribers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡furnish¡¡
them¡¡with¡¡what¡¡might¡¡be¡¡either¡¡useful¡¡or¡¡entertaining£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡not¡¡fill¡¡their¡¡
papers¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡altercation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡concern£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡
doing¡¡them¡¡manifest¡¡injustice¡£¡¡Now£»¡¡many¡¡of¡¡our¡¡printers¡¡make¡¡no¡¡scruple¡¡
of¡¡gratifying¡¡the¡¡malice¡¡of¡¡individuals¡¡by¡¡false¡¡accusations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fairest¡¡
characters¡¡among¡¡ourselves£»¡¡augmenting¡¡animosity¡¡even¡¡to¡¡the¡¡producing¡¡
of¡¡duels£»¡¡and¡¡are£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡so¡¡indiscreet¡¡as¡¡to¡¡print¡¡scurrilous¡¡reflections¡¡
on¡¡the¡¡government¡¡of¡¡neighboring¡¡states£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡on¡¡the¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡our¡¡
best¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡national¡¡¡¡¡¡allies£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡attended¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pernicious¡¡
consequences¡£¡¡These¡¡things¡¡I¡¡mention¡¡as¡¡a¡¡caution¡¡to¡¡young¡¡printers£»¡¡and¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡89¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡90¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
that¡¡they¡¡may¡¡be¡¡encouraged¡¡not¡¡to¡¡pollute¡¡their¡¡presses¡¡and¡¡disgrace¡¡their¡¡
profession¡¡by¡¡such¡¡infamous¡¡practices£»¡¡but¡¡refuse¡¡steadily£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡may¡¡see¡¡
by¡¡my¡¡example¡¡that¡¡such¡¡a¡¡course¡¡of¡¡conduct¡¡will¡¡not£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡be¡¡
injurious¡¡to¡¡their¡¡interests¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡1733¡¡I¡¡sent¡¡one¡¡of¡¡my¡¡journeymen¡¡to¡¡Charleston£»¡¡South¡¡Carolina£»¡¡
where¡¡a¡¡printer¡¡was¡¡wanting¡£¡¡I¡¡furnish'd¡¡him¡¡with¡¡a¡¡press¡¡and¡¡letters£»¡¡on¡¡an¡¡
agreement¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡partnership£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡third¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
profits¡¡of¡¡the¡¡business£»¡¡paying¡¡one¡third¡¡of¡¡the¡¡expense¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡
learning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡honest¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡ignorant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡matters¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡account£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tho'¡¡¡¡he¡¡
sometimes¡¡made¡¡me¡¡remittances£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡get¡¡no¡¡account¡¡from¡¡him£»¡¡nor¡¡any¡¡
satisfactory¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡partnership¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡lived¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡decease£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
business¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡continued¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡widow£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡born¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡bred¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
Holland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡where£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡inform'd£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡accounts¡¡
makes¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡female¡¡education£»¡¡she¡¡not¡¡only¡¡sent¡¡me¡¡as¡¡clear¡¡a¡¡state¡¡as¡¡
she¡¡could¡¡find¡¡of¡¡the¡¡transactions¡¡past£»¡¡but¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡account¡¡with¡¡the¡¡
greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡regularity¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡exactness¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡quarter¡¡¡¡¡¡afterwards£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡managed¡¡
the¡¡business¡¡with¡¡such¡¡success£»¡¡that¡¡she¡¡not¡¡only¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡reputably¡¡a¡¡
family¡¡of¡¡children£»¡¡but£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡expiration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡term£»¡¡was¡¡able¡¡to¡¡purchase¡¡
of¡¡me¡¡the¡¡printing¡house£»¡¡and¡¡establish¡¡her¡¡son¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡mention¡¡this¡¡affair¡¡chiefly¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡recommending¡¡that¡¡branch¡¡
of¡¡education¡¡for¡¡our¡¡young¡¡females£»¡¡as¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡of¡¡more¡¡use¡¡to¡¡them¡¡
and¡¡their¡¡children£»¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡widowhood£»¡¡than¡¡either¡¡music¡¡or¡¡dancing£»¡¡by¡¡
preserving¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡losses¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡imposition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡crafty¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡enabling¡¡
them¡¡to¡¡continue£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡a¡¡profitable¡¡mercantile¡¡house£»¡¡with¡¡establish'd¡¡
correspondence£»¡¡till¡¡a¡¡son¡¡is¡¡grown¡¡up¡¡fit¡¡to¡¡undertake¡¡and¡¡go¡¡on¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡to¡¡
the¡¡lasting¡¡advantage¡¡and¡¡enriching¡¡of¡¡the¡¡family¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡About¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡1734¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡arrived¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Ireland¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡
Presbyterian¡¡preacher£»¡¡named¡¡Hemphill£»¡¡who¡¡delivered¡¡with¡¡a¡¡good¡¡voice£»¡¡
and¡¡apparently¡¡extempore£»¡¡most¡¡excellent¡¡discourses£»¡¡which¡¡drew¡¡together¡¡
considerable¡¡numbers¡¡of¡¡different¡¡persuasion£»¡¡who¡¡join'd¡¡in¡¡admiring¡¡them¡£¡¡
Among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rest£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡constant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hearers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡sermons¡¡
pleasing¡¡¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dogmatical¡¡¡¡¡¡kind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡inculcated¡¡
strongly¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡virtue£»¡¡or¡¡what¡¡in¡¡the¡¡religious¡¡stile¡¡are¡¡called¡¡good¡¡
works¡£¡¡Those£»¡¡however£»¡¡of¡¡our¡¡congregation£»¡¡who¡¡considered¡¡themselves¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡90¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡91¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
as¡¡¡¡¡¡orthodox¡¡¡¡¡¡Presbyterians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡disapprov'd¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡doctrine£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡join'd¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡clergy£»¡¡who¡¡arraign'd¡¡him¡¡of¡¡heterodoxy¡¡before¡¡the¡¡synod£»¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡silenc'd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡zealous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡partisan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
contributed¡¡all¡¡I¡¡could¡¡to¡¡raise¡¡a¡¡party¡¡in¡¡his¡¡favour£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡combated¡¡for¡¡
him¡¡a¡¡while¡¡with¡¡some¡¡hopes¡¡of¡¡success¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡much¡¡scribbling¡¡pro¡¡
and¡¡con¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡occasion£»¡¡and¡¡finding¡¡that£»¡¡tho'¡¡an¡¡elegant¡¡preacher£»¡¡he¡¡
was¡¡but¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡writer£»¡¡I¡¡lent¡¡him¡¡my¡¡pen¡¡and¡¡wrote¡¡for¡¡him¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡¡
pamphlets£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡piece¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Gazette¡¡of¡¡April£»¡¡1735¡£¡¡Those¡¡pamphlets£»¡¡
as¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡the¡¡case¡¡with¡¡controversial¡¡writings£»¡¡tho'¡¡eagerly¡¡read¡¡at¡¡the¡¡
time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡vogue£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡question¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡single¡¡¡¡¡¡copy¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
them¡¡now¡¡exists¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡During¡¡the¡¡contest¡¡an¡¡unlucky¡¡occurrence¡¡hurt¡¡his¡¡cause¡¡exceedingly¡£¡¡
One¡¡of¡¡our¡¡adversaries¡¡having¡¡heard¡¡him¡¡preach¡¡a¡¡sermon¡¡that¡¡was¡¡much¡¡
admired£»¡¡thought¡¡he¡¡had¡¡somewhere¡¡read¡¡the¡¡sermon¡¡before£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡least¡¡a¡¡
part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡search¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡quoted¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡length£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
British¡¡¡¡¡¡Reviews£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡discourse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Foster's¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡detection¡¡¡¡¡¡gave¡¡
many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡party¡¡¡¡¡¡disgust£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡accordingly¡¡¡¡¡¡abandoned¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡cause£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
occasion'd¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡speedy¡¡¡¡¡¡discomfiture¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡synod¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡stuck¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡
however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡approv'd¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡giving¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡sermons¡¡¡¡¡¡compos'd¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
others£»¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡bad¡¡¡¡¡¡ones¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacture£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tho'¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡latter¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
practice¡¡of¡¡our¡¡common¡¡teachers¡£¡¡He¡¡afterward¡¡acknowledg'd¡¡to¡¡me¡¡that¡¡
none¡¡of¡¡those¡¡he¡¡preach'd¡¡were¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡adding£»¡¡that¡¡his¡¡memory¡¡was¡¡such¡¡
as¡¡enabled¡¡him¡¡to¡¡retain¡¡and¡¡repeat¡¡any¡¡sermon¡¡after¡¡one¡¡reading¡¡only¡£¡¡On¡¡
our¡¡defeat£»¡¡he¡¡left¡¡us¡¡in¡¡search¡¡elsewhere¡¡of¡¡better¡¡fortune£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡quitted¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡congregation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡joining¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡after£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tho'¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡continu'd¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡
subscription¡¡for¡¡the¡¡support¡¡of¡¡its¡¡ministers¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡had¡¡begun¡¡in¡¡1733¡¡to¡¡study¡¡languages£»¡¡I¡¡soon¡¡made¡¡myself¡¡so¡¡much¡¡a¡¡
master¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡books¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡ease¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡
undertook¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Italian¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡acquaintance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡learning¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡us'd¡¡
often¡¡to¡¡tempt¡¡me¡¡to¡¡play¡¡chess¡¡with¡¡him¡£¡¡Finding¡¡this¡¡took¡¡up¡¡too¡¡much¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡spare¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡study£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡length¡¡¡¡¡¡refus'd¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡play¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡more£»¡¡
unless¡¡on¡¡this¡¡condition£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡victor¡¡in¡¡every¡¡game¡¡should¡¡have¡¡a¡¡right¡¡
to¡¡impose¡¡a¡¡task£»¡¡either¡¡in¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡grammar¡¡to¡¡be¡¡got¡¡by¡¡heart£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡
translations£»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡which¡¡tasks¡¡the¡¡vanquish'd¡¡was¡¡to¡¡perform¡¡upon¡¡honour£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡91¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡92¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TH