°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«) >

µÚ30ÕÂ

the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«)-µÚ30ÕÂ


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




donation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡doubled£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡clause¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work'd¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

subscriptions¡¡accordingly¡¡soon¡¡exceeded¡¡the¡¡requisite¡¡sum£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡claim'd¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡receiv'd¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡gift£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡enabled¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡carry¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡design¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡

execution¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡convenient¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡handsome¡¡¡¡¡¡building¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡erected£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

institution¡¡has¡¡by¡¡constant¡¡experience¡¡been¡¡found¡¡useful£»¡¡and¡¡flourishes¡¡to¡¡

this¡¡¡¡¡¡day£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡remember¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡manoeuvres£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

success¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡gave¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡pleasure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡wherein£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡114¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡115¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



thinking¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡I¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡excus'd¡¡myself¡¡for¡¡having¡¡made¡¡some¡¡use¡¡of¡¡

cunning¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡about¡¡this¡¡time¡¡that¡¡another¡¡projector£»¡¡the¡¡Rev¡£¡¡Gilbert¡¡Tennent£»¡¡

came¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡request¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assist¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡procuring¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

subscription¡¡for¡¡erecting¡¡a¡¡new¡¡meeting¡­house¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡to¡¡he¡¡for¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡a¡¡

congregation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gathered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Presbyterians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

originally¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disciples¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whitefield¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Unwilling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡myself¡¡

disagreeable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fellow¡­citizens¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡frequently¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡soliciting¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

contributions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡absolutely¡¡¡¡¡¡refus'd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡desired¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡furnish¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡

with¡¡a¡¡list¡¡of¡¡the¡¡names¡¡of¡¡persons¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡by¡¡experience¡¡to¡¡be¡¡generous¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡­spirited¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡unbecoming¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

kind¡¡compliance¡¡with¡¡my¡¡solicitations£»¡¡to¡¡mark¡¡them¡¡out¡¡to¡¡be¡¡worried¡¡by¡¡

other¡¡beggars£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡refus'd¡¡also¡¡to¡¡give¡¡such¡¡a¡¡list¡£¡¡He¡¡then¡¡desir'd¡¡

I¡¡would¡¡at¡¡least¡¡give¡¡him¡¡my¡¡advice¡£¡¡¡¨That¡¡I¡¡will¡¡readily¡¡do£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡I£»¡¡¡¨and£»¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡place£»¡¡I¡¡advise¡¡you¡¡to¡¡apply¡¡to¡¡all¡¡those¡¡whom¡¡you¡¡know¡¡will¡¡

give¡¡something£»¡¡next£»¡¡to¡¡those¡¡whom¡¡you¡¡are¡¡uncertain¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡will¡¡

give¡¡any¡¡thing¡¡or¡¡not£»¡¡and¡¡show¡¡them¡¡the¡¡list¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡given£»¡¡and£»¡¡

lastly£»¡¡do¡¡not¡¡neglect¡¡those¡¡who¡¡you¡¡are¡¡sure¡¡will¡¡give¡¡nothing£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡some¡¡

of¡¡them¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡mistaken¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡laugh'd¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡thank'd¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

would¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡advice¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡ask'd¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡everybody£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

obtained¡¡a¡¡much¡¡larger¡¡sum¡¡than¡¡he¡¡expected£»¡¡with¡¡which¡¡he¡¡erected¡¡the¡¡

capacious¡¡and¡¡very¡¡elegant¡¡meeting¡­house¡¡that¡¡stands¡¡in¡¡Arch¡­street¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Our¡¡city£»¡¡tho'¡¡laid¡¡out¡¡with¡¡a¡¡beautiful¡¡regularity£»¡¡the¡¡streets¡¡large£»¡¡strait£»¡¡

and¡¡crossing¡¡each¡¡other¡¡at¡¡right¡¡angles£»¡¡had¡¡the¡¡disgrace¡¡of¡¡suffering¡¡those¡¡

streets¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡remain¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡unpav'd£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡wet¡¡¡¡¡¡weather¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wheels¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡heavy¡¡

carriages¡¡plough'd¡¡them¡¡into¡¡a¡¡quagmire£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡

them£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡dry¡¡weather¡¡the¡¡dust¡¡was¡¡offensive¡£¡¡I¡¡had¡¡liv'd¡¡near¡¡what¡¡was¡¡

call'd¡¡the¡¡Jersey¡¡Market£»¡¡and¡¡saw¡¡with¡¡pain¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡wading¡¡in¡¡mud¡¡

while¡¡purchasing¡¡their¡¡provisions¡£¡¡A¡¡strip¡¡of¡¡ground¡¡down¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡market¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡length¡¡¡¡¡¡pav'd¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡brick£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

market£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡firm¡¡footing£»¡¡but¡¡were¡¡often¡¡over¡¡shoes¡¡in¡¡dirt¡¡to¡¡get¡¡there¡£¡¡

By¡¡¡¡¡¡talking¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡writing¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡subject£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡length¡¡¡¡¡¡instrumental¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

getting¡¡the¡¡street¡¡pav'd¡¡with¡¡stone¡¡between¡¡the¡¡market¡¡and¡¡the¡¡brick'd¡¡foot¡­¡¡

pavement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡side¡¡¡¡¡¡next¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡houses¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡115¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡116¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



gave¡¡an¡¡easy¡¡access¡¡to¡¡the¡¡market¡¡dry¡­shod£»¡¡but£»¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡street¡¡not¡¡

being¡¡pav'd£»¡¡whenever¡¡a¡¡carriage¡¡came¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mud¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡pavement£»¡¡

it¡¡shook¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡dirt¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡cover'd¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡mire£»¡¡

which¡¡was¡¡not¡¡remov'd£»¡¡the¡¡city¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡having¡¡no¡¡scavengers¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡some¡¡inquiry¡¡I¡¡found¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡industrious¡¡man£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡

undertake¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡keeping¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡pavement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clean£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡sweeping¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡twice¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡week£»¡¡

carrying¡¡off¡¡the¡¡dirt¡¡from¡¡before¡¡all¡¡the¡¡neighbours'¡¡doors£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sum¡¡of¡¡

sixpence¡¡per¡¡month£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡by¡¡each¡¡house¡£¡¡I¡¡then¡¡wrote¡¡and¡¡printed¡¡a¡¡

paper¡¡¡¡¡¡setting¡¡¡¡¡¡forth¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡advantages¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡neighbourhood¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

obtain'd¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡expense£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡ease¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡keeping¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡houses¡¡

clean£»¡¡so¡¡much¡¡dirt¡¡not¡¡being¡¡brought¡¡in¡¡by¡¡people's¡¡feet£»¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

shops¡¡by¡¡more¡¡custom£»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡as¡¡buyers¡¡could¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡get¡¡at¡¡them£»¡¡

and¡¡by¡¡not¡¡having£»¡¡in¡¡windy¡¡weather£»¡¡the¡¡dust¡¡blown¡¡in¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡goods£»¡¡

etc¡££»¡¡etc¡£¡¡I¡¡sent¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡papers¡¡to¡¡each¡¡house£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡went¡¡

round¡¡to¡¡see¡¡who¡¡would¡¡subscribe¡¡an¡¡agreement¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡these¡¡sixpences£»¡¡it¡¡

was¡¡unanimously¡¡sign'd£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time¡¡well¡¡executed¡£¡¡All¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡delighted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡cleanliness¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pavement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

surrounded¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡market£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡convenience¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡rais'd¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

general¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡streets¡¡¡¡¡¡paved£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

willing¡¡to¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡a¡¡tax¡¡for¡¡that¡¡purpose¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡some¡¡time¡¡I¡¡drew¡¡a¡¡bill¡¡for¡¡paving¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡and¡¡brought¡¡it¡¡into¡¡

the¡¡Assembly¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡just¡¡before¡¡I¡¡went¡¡to¡¡England£»¡¡in¡¡1757£»¡¡and¡¡did¡¡not¡¡

pass¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡gone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡alteration¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mode¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

assessment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡better£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡additional¡¡

provision¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡lighting¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡paving¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡streets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

improvement¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡person£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡John¡¡¡¡¡¡Clifton£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

giving¡¡a¡¡sample¡¡of¡¡the¡¡utility¡¡of¡¡lamps£»¡¡by¡¡placing¡¡one¡¡at¡¡his¡¡door£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

people¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡impress'd¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡idea¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡enlighting¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

honour¡¡of¡¡this¡¡public¡¡benefit¡¡has¡¡also¡¡been¡¡ascrib'd¡¡to¡¡me¡¡but¡¡it¡¡belongs¡¡

truly¡¡to¡¡that¡¡gentleman¡£¡¡I¡¡did¡¡but¡¡follow¡¡his¡¡example£»¡¡and¡¡have¡¡only¡¡some¡¡

merit¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡claim¡¡¡¡¡¡respecting¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡lamps£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡differing¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

globe¡¡lamps¡¡we¡¡were¡¡at¡¡first¡¡supply'd¡¡with¡¡from¡¡London¡£¡¡Those¡¡we¡¡found¡¡

inconvenient¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡respects£º¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡admitted¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡below£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡smoke£»¡¡

therefore£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡readily¡¡go¡¡out¡¡above£»¡¡but¡¡circulated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡globe£»¡¡lodg'd¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡116¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡117¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



on¡¡its¡¡inside£»¡¡and¡¡soon¡¡obstructed¡¡the¡¡light¡¡they¡¡were¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡afford£»¡¡

giving£»¡¡besides£»¡¡the¡¡daily¡¡trouble¡¡of¡¡wiping¡¡them¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡an¡¡accidental¡¡

stroke¡¡on¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡would¡¡demolish¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡render¡¡it¡¡totally¡¡useless¡£¡¡I¡¡

therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡suggested¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡composing¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡four¡¡¡¡¡¡flat¡¡¡¡¡¡panes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡

funnel¡¡above¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡up¡¡the¡¡smoke£»¡¡and¡¡crevices¡¡admitting¡¡air¡¡below£»¡¡to¡¡

facilitate¡¡the¡¡ascent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡smoke£»¡¡by¡¡this¡¡means¡¡they¡¡were¡¡kept¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡

did¡¡not¡¡grow¡¡dark¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡hours£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡London¡¡lamps¡¡do£»¡¡but¡¡continu'd¡¡

bright¡¡till¡¡morning£»¡¡and¡¡an¡¡accidental¡¡stroke¡¡would¡¡generally¡¡break¡¡but¡¡a¡¡

single¡¡pane£»¡¡easily¡¡repair'd¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡See¡¡votes¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡sometimes¡¡wonder'd¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Londoners¡¡did¡¡not£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡

holes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡globe¡¡lamps¡¡us'd¡¡at¡¡Vauxhall¡¡have¡¡in¡¡keeping¡¡

them¡¡clean£»¡¡learn¡¡to¡¡have¡¡such¡¡holes¡¡in¡¡their¡¡street¡¡lamps¡£¡¡But£»¡¡these¡¡holes¡¡

being¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡purpose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡viz¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡communicate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡flame¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

suddenly¡¡to¡¡the¡¡wick¡¡by¡¡a¡¡little¡¡flax¡¡hanging¡¡down¡¡thro'¡¡them£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡use£»¡¡

of¡¡letting¡¡in¡¡air£»¡¡seems¡¡not¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡thought¡¡of£»¡¡and¡¡therefore£»¡¡after¡¡the¡¡

lamps¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡lit¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡¡¡¡¡hours£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡streets¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡London¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡poorly¡¡

illuminated¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡mention¡¡of¡¡these¡¡improvements¡¡puts¡¡me¡¡in¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡one¡¡I¡¡propos'd£»¡¡

when¡¡in¡¡London£»¡¡to¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Fothergill£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡among¡¡the¡¡best¡¡men¡¡I¡¡have¡¡

known£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡promoter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡¡¡¡¡¡projects¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡observ'd¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

streets£»¡¡when¡¡dry£»¡¡were¡¡never¡¡swept£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡light¡¡dust¡¡carried¡¡away£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡

was¡¡¡¡¡¡suffer'd¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡accumulate¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡wet¡¡¡¡¡¡weather¡¡¡¡¡¡reduc'd¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡mud£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡then£»¡¡

after¡¡lying¡¡some¡¡days¡¡so¡¡deep¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pavement¡¡that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡crossing¡¡

but¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡paths¡¡¡¡¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡clean¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡brooms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

labour¡¡¡¡¡¡rak'd¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡thrown¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡carts¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡above£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sides¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

which¡¡suffer'd¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slush¡¡at¡¡every¡¡jolt¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pavement¡¡to¡¡shake¡¡out¡¡

and¡¡fall£»¡¡sometimes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡annoyance¡¡of¡¡foot¡­passengers¡£¡¡The¡¡reason¡¡given¡¡

for¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡sweeping¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dusty¡¡¡¡¡¡streets¡¡¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dust¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡fly¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

windows¡¡of¡¡shops¡¡and¡¡houses¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accidental¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡occurrence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡instructed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sweeping¡¡

might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡done¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡door¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Craven¡­street£»¡¡¡¡one¡¡

morning£»¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡woman¡¡sweeping¡¡my¡¡pavement¡¡with¡¡a¡¡birch¡¡broom£»¡¡she¡¡

appeared¡¡very¡¡pale¡¡and¡¡feeble£»¡¡as¡¡just¡¡come¡¡out¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fit¡¡of¡¡sickness¡£¡¡I¡¡ask'd¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡117¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡118¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



who¡¡employ'd¡¡her¡¡to¡¡sweep¡¡there£»¡¡she¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Nobody£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡am¡¡very¡¡poor¡¡

and¡¡in¡¡distress£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡sweeps¡¡before¡¡gentlefolkses¡¡doors£»¡¡and¡¡hopes¡¡they¡¡

will¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡bid¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡sweep¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡street¡¡¡¡¡¡clean£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡

would¡¡give¡¡her¡¡a¡¡shilling£»¡¡this¡¡was¡¡at¡¡nine¡¡o'clock£»¡¡at¡¡12¡¡she¡¡came¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

shilling¡£¡¡From¡¡the¡¡slowness¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡in¡¡her¡¡working£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡scarce¡¡

believe¡¡that¡¡the¡¡work¡¡was¡¡done¡¡so¡¡soon£»¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡my¡¡servant¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡it£»¡¡

who¡¡reported¡¡that¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡street¡¡was¡¡swept¡¡perfectly¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡

dust¡¡plac'd¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gutter£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡next¡¡rain¡¡wash'd¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡away£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pavement¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡kennel¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡

clean¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡then¡¡judg'd¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡that¡¡feeble¡¡woman¡¡could¡¡sweep¡¡such¡¡a¡¡street¡¡in¡¡

three¡¡hours£»¡¡a¡¡strong£»¡¡active¡¡man¡¡might¡¡have¡¡done¡¡it¡¡in¡¡half¡¡the¡¡time¡£¡¡And¡¡

here¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡remark¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡convenience¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡gutter¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

narrow¡¡street£»¡¡running¡¡down¡¡its¡¡middle£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡two£»¡¡one¡¡on¡¡each¡¡side£»¡¡

near¡¡the¡¡footway£»¡¡for¡¡where¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rain¡¡that¡¡falls¡¡on¡¡a¡¡street¡¡runs¡¡from¡¡the¡¡

sides¡¡and¡¡meets¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡it¡¡forms¡¡there¡¡a¡¡current¡¡strong¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡

wash¡¡away¡¡all¡¡the¡¡mud¡¡it¡¡meets¡¡with£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡divided¡¡into¡¡two¡¡channels£»¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡weak¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡cleanse¡¡¡¡¡¡either£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mud¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡finds¡¡

more¡¡fluid£»¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wheels¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡carriages¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡¡of¡¡horses¡¡throw¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

dash¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡foot¡­pavement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡thereby¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rendered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡foul¡¡¡¡and¡¡

slippery£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡splash¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡walkin

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ