the moon and sixpence(月球和六便士)-第1章
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The Moon and Sixpence
The Moon and Sixpence
by W。 Somerset Maugham
Author of 〃Of Human Bondage〃
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The Moon and Sixpence
Chapter I
I confess that when first I made acquaintance with Charles Strickland
I never for a moment discerned that there was in him anything out of the
ordinary。 Yet now few will be found to deny his greatness。 I do not
speak of that greatness which is achieved by the fortunate politician or the
successful soldier； that is a quality which belongs to the place he occupies
rather than to the man； and a change of circumstances reduces it to very
discreet proportions。 The Prime Minister out of office is seen； too often；
to have been but a pompous rhetorician； and the General without an army
is but the tame hero of a market town。 The greatness of Charles
Strickland was authentic。 It may be that you do not like his art； but at all
events you can hardly refuse it the tribute of your interest。 He disturbs
and arrests。 The time has passed when he was an object of ridicule； and
it is no longer a mark of eccentricity to defend or of perversity to extol
him。 His faults are accepted as the necessary complement to his merits。 It
is still possible to discuss his place in art； and the adulation of his admirers
is perhaps no less capricious than the disparagement of his detractors； but
one thing can never be doubtful； and that is that he had genius。 To my
mind the most interesting thing in art is the personality of the artist； and if
that is singular； I am willing to excuse a thousand faults。 I suppose
Velasquez was a better painter than El Greco； but custom stales one's
admiration for him： the Cretan； sensual and tragic； proffers the mystery of
his soul like a standing sacrifice。 The artist； painter； poet； or musician； by
his decoration； sublime or beautiful； satisfies the aesthetic sense； but that
is akin to the sexual instinct； and shares its barbarity： he lays before you
also the greater gift of himself。 To pursue his secret has something of the
fascination of a detective story。 It is a riddle which shares with the
universe the merit of having no answer。 The most insignificant of
Strickland's works suggests a personality which is strange； tormented； and
complex； and it is this surely which prevents even those who do not like
his pictures from being indifferent to them； it is this which has excited so
curious an interest in his life and character。
It was not till four years after Strickland's death that Maurice Huret
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wrote that article in the which rescued the
unknown painter from oblivion and blazed the trail which succeeding
writers； with more or less docility； have followed。 For a long time no
critic has enjoyed in France a more incontestable authority； and it was
impossible not to be impressed by the claims he made； they seemed
extravagant； but later judgments have confirmed his estimate； and the
reputation of Charles Strickland is now firmly established on the lines
which he laid down。 The rise of this reputation is one of the most
romantic incidents in the history of art。 But I do not propose to deal with
Charles Strickland's work except in so far as it touches upon his character。
I cannot agree with the painters who claim superciliously that the layman
can understand nothing of painting； and that he can best show his
appreciation of their works by silence and a cheque…book。 It is a
grotesque misapprehension which sees in art no more than a craft
comprehensible perfectly only to the craftsman： art is a manifestation of
emotion； and emotion speaks a language that all may understand。 But I
will allow that the critic who has not a practical knowledge of technique is
seldom able to say anything on the subject of real value； and my ignorance
of painting is extreme。 Fortunately； there is no need for me to risk the
adventure； since my friend； Mr。 Edward Leggatt； an able writer as well as
an admirable painter； has exhaustively discussed Charles Strickland's work
in a little book＇1＇ which is a charming example of a style； for the most part；
less happily cultivated in England than in France。
＇1＇ 〃A Modern Artist： Notes on the Work of Charles Strickland；〃
by Edward Leggatt； A。R。H。A。 Martin Secker； 1917。
Maurice Huret in his famous article gave an outline of Charles
Strickland's life which was well calculated to whet the appetites of the
inquiring。 With his disinterested passion for art； he had a real desire to
call the attention of the wise to a talent which was in the highest degree
original； but he was too good a journalist to be unaware that the 〃human
interest〃 would enable him more easily to effect his purpose。 And when
such as had come in contact with Strickland in the past； writers who had
known him in London； painters who had met him in the cafes of
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Montmartre； discovered to their amazement that where they had seen but
an unsuccessful artist； like another； authentic genius had rubbed shoulders
with them there began to appear in the magazines of France and America a
succession of articles； the reminiscences of one； the appreciation of
another； which added to Strickland's notoriety； and fed without satisfying
the curiosity of the public。 The subject was grateful； and the industrious
Weitbrecht…Rotholz in his imposing monograph＇2＇ has been able to give a
remarkable list of authorities。
＇2＇ 〃Karl Strickland： sein Leben und seine Kunst；〃 by Hugo
Weitbrecht…Rotholz； Ph。D。 Schwingel und Hanisch。 Leipzig； 1914。
The faculty for myth is innate in the human race。 It seizes with
avidity upon any incidents； surprising or mysterious； in the career of those
who have at all distinguished themselves from their fellows； and invents a
legend to which it then attaches a fanatical belief。 It is the protest of
romance against the commonplace of life。 The incidents of the legend
become the hero's surest passport to immortality。 The ironic philosopher
reflects with a smile that Sir Walter Raleigh is more safely inshrined in the
memory of mankind because he set his cloak for the Virgin Queen to walk
on than because he carried the English name to undiscovered countries。
Charles Strickland lived obscurely。 He made enemies rather than friends。
It is not strange； then； that those who wrote of him should have eked out
their scanty recollections with a lively fancy； and it is evident that there
was enough in the little that was known of him to give opportunity to the
romantic scribe； there was much in his life which was strange and terrible；
in his character something outrageous； and in his fate not a little that was
pathetic。 In due course a legend arose of such circumstantiality that the
wise historian would hesitate to attack it。
But a wise historian is precisely what the Rev。 Robert Strickland is not。
He wrote his biography＇3＇ avowedly to 〃remove certain misconceptions
which had gained currency〃 in regard to the later part of his father's life；
and which had 〃caused considerable pain to persons still living。〃 It is
obvious that there was much in the commonly received account of
Strickland's life to embarrass a respectable family。 I have read this work
with a good deal of amusement； and upon this I congratulate myself； since
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it is colourless and dull。 Mr。 Strickland has drawn the portrait of an
excellent husband and father； a man of kindly temper； industrious habits；
and moral disposition。 The modern clergyman has acquired in his study
of the science which I believe is called exegesis an astonishing facility for
explaining things away； but the subtlety with which the Rev。 Robert
Strickland has 〃interpreted〃 all the facts in his father's life which a dutiful
son might find it inconvenient to remember must surely lead him in the
fullness of time to the highest dignities of the Church。 I see already his
muscular calves encased in the gaiters episcopal。 It was a hazardous；
though maybe a gallant thing to do； since it is probable that the legend
commonly received has had no small share in the growth of Strickland's
reputation； for there are many who have been attracted to his art by the
detestation in which they held his character or the compassion with which
they regarded his death； and the son's well…meaning efforts threw a
singular chill upon the father's admirers。 It is due to no accident that
when one of his most important works； ；＇4＇
was sold at Christie's shortly after the discussion which followed the
publication of Mr。 Strickland's biography； it fetched POUNDS 235 less
than it had done nine months before when it was bought by the
distinguished collector whose sudden death had brought it once more
under the hammer。 Perhaps Charles Strickland's power and originality
would scarcely have sufficed to turn the scale if the remarkable
mythopoeic faculty of mankind had not brushed
