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ishness　and　greed　of　most　of　his　companions。　There　was　little　nonsense　about　Smith　in　action；　though　he　need　not　turn　his　hand　on　any　man　of　that　age　as　a　boaster。

To　send　out　Poles　and　Dutchmen　to　make　pitch；　tar；　and　glass　would　have　been　well　enough　if　the　colony　had　been　firmly　established　and　supplied　with　necessaries；　and　they　might　have　sent　two　hundred　colonists　instead　of　seventy；　if　they　had　ordered　them　to　go　to　work　collecting　provisions　of　the　Indians　for　the　winter；　instead　of　attempting　this　strange　discovery　of　the　South　Sea；　and　wasting　their　time　on　a　more　strange　coronation。　　〃Now　was　there　no　way；〃　asks　Smith；　〃to　make　us　miserable；〃　but　by　direction　from　England　to　perform　this　discovery　and　coronation；　〃to　take　that　time；　spend　what　victuals　we　had；　tire　and　starve　our　men；　having　no　means　to　carry　victuals；　ammunition；　the　hurt　or　the　sick；　but　on　their　own　backs？〃

Smith　seems　to　have　protested　against　all　this　nonsense；　but　though　he　was　governor；　the　Council　overruled　him。　　Captain　Newport　decided　to　take　one　hundred　and　twenty　men；　fearing　to　go　with　a　less　number　and　journey　to　Werowocomoco　to　crown　Powhatan。　　In　order　to　save　time　Smith　offered　to　take　a　message　to　Powhatan；　and　induce　him　to　come　to　Jamestown　and　receive　the　honor　and　the　presents。　　Accompanied　by　only　four　men　he　crossed　by　land　to　Werowocomoco；　passed　the　Pamaunkee　（York）　River　in　a　canoe；　and　sent　for　Powhatan；　who　was　thirty　miles　off。　　Meantime　Pocahontas；　who　by　his　own　account　was　a　mere　child；　and　her　women　entertained　Smith　in　the　following　manner：

〃In　a　fayre　plaine　they　made　a　fire；　before　which；　sitting　upon　a　mat；　suddenly　amongst　the　woods　was　heard　such　a　hydeous　noise　and　shreeking　that　the　English　betook　themselves　to　their　armes；　and　seized　upon　two　or　three　old　men；　by　them　supposing　Powhatan　with　all　his　power　was　come　to　surprise　them。　　But　presently　Pocahontas　came；　willing　him　to　kill　her　if　any　hurt　were　intended；　and　the　beholders；　which　were　men；　women　and　children；　satisfied　the　Captaine　that　there　was　no　such　matter。　　Then　presently　they　were　presented　with　this　anticke：　Thirty　young　women　came　naked　out　of　the　woods；　only　covered　behind　and　before　with　a　few　greene　leaves；　their　bodies　all　painted；　some　of　one　color；　some　of　another；　but　all　differing；　their　leader　had　a　fayre　payre　of　Bucks　hornes　on　her　head；　and　an　Otters　skinne　at　her　girdle；　and　another　at　her　arme；　a　quiver　of　arrows　at　her　backe；　a　bow　and　arrows　in　her　hand；　the　next　had　in　her　hand　a　sword；　another　a　club；　another　a　pot…sticke：　all　horned　alike；　the　rest　every　one　with　their　several　devises。　　These　fiends　with　most　hellish　shouts　and　cries；　rushing　from　among　the　trees；　cast　themselves　in　a　ring　about　the　fire；　singing　and　dancing　with　most　excellent　ill…varietie；　oft　falling　into　their　infernal　passions；　and　solemnly　again　to　sing　and　dance；　having　spent　nearly　an　hour　in　this　Mascarado；　as　they　entered；in　like　manner　they　departed。

〃Having　reaccommodated　themselves；　they　solemnly　invited　him　to　their　lodgings；　where　he　was　no　sooner　within　the　house；　but　all　these　Nymphs　more　tormented　him　than　ever；　with　crowding；　pressing；　and　hanging　about　him；　most　tediously　crying；　'Love　you　not　me？　　Love　you　not　me？'　　This　salutation　ended；　the　feast　was　set；　consisting　of　all　the　Salvage　dainties　they　could　devise：　some　attending；　others　singing　and　dancing　about　them：　which　mirth　being　ended；　with　fire　brands　instead　of　torches　they　conducted　him　to　his　lodging。〃

The　next　day　Powhatan　arrived。　　Smith　delivered　up　the　Indian　Namontuck；　who　had　just　returned　from　a　voyage　to　Englandwhither　it　was　suspected　the　Emperor　wished　him　to　go　to　spy　out　the　weakness　of　the　English　tribeand　repeated　Father　Newport's　request　that　Powhatan　would　come　to　Jamestown　to　receive　the　presents　and　join　in　an　expedition　against　his　enemies；　the　Monacans。

Powhatan's　reply　was　worthy　of　his　imperial　highness；　and　has　been　copied　ever　since　in　the　speeches　of　the　lords　of　the　soil　to　the　pale　faces：　〃If　your　king　has　sent　me　present；　I　also　am　a　king；　and　this　is　my　land：　eight　days　I　will　stay　to　receive　them。　　Your　father　is　to　come　to　me；　not　I　to　him；　nor　yet　to　your　fort；　neither　will　I　bite　at　such　a　bait；　as　for　the　Monacans；　I　can　revenge　my　own　injuries。〃

This　was　the　lofty　potentate　whom　Smith；　by　his　way　of　management；　could　have　tickled　out　of　his　senses　with　a　glass　bead；　and　who　would　infinitely　have　preferred　a　big　shining　copper　kettle　to　the　misplaced　honor　intended　to　be　thrust　upon　him；　but　the　offer　of　which　puffed　him　up　beyond　the　reach　of　negotiation。　　Smith　returned　with　his　message。　　Newport　despatched　the　presents　round　by　water　a　hundred　miles；　and　the　Captains；　with　fifty　soldiers；　went　over　land　to　Werowocomoco；　where　occurred　the　ridiculous　ceremony　of　the　coronation；　which　Smith　describes　with　much　humor。　　〃The　next　day；〃　he　says；　〃was　appointed　for　the　coronation。　　Then　the　presents　were　brought　him；　his　bason　and　ewer；　bed　and　furniture　set　up；　his　scarlet　cloke　and　apparel；　with　much　adoe　put　on　him；　being　persuaded　by　Namontuck　they　would　not　hurt　him。　　But　a　foule　trouble　there　was　to　make　him　kneel　to　receive　his　Crown；　he　not　knowing　the　majesty　nor　wearing　of　a　Crown；　nor　bending　of　the　knee；　endured　so　many　persuasions；　examples　and　instructions　as　tyred　them　all。　　At　last　by　bearing　hard　on　his　shoulders；　he　a　little　stooped；　and　three　having　the　crown　in　their　hands　put　it　on　his　head；　when　by　the　warning　of　a　pistoll　the　boats　were　prepared　with　such　a　volley　of　shot　that　the　king　start　up　in　a　horrible　feare；　till　he　saw　all　was　well。　　Then　remembering　himself　to　congratulate　their　kindness　he　gave　his　old　shoes　and　his　mantell　to　Captain　Newport！〃

The　Monacan　expedition　the　King　discouraged；　and　refused　to　furnish　for　it　either　guides　or　men。　　Besides　his　old　shoes；　the　crowned　monarch　charitably　gave　Newport　a　little　heap　of　corn；　only　seven　or　eight　bushels；　and　with　this　little　result　the　absurd　expedition　returned　to　Jamestown。

Shortly　after　Captain　Newport　with　a　chosen　company　of　one　hundred　and　twenty　men　（leaving　eighty　with　President　Smith　in　the　fort）　and　accompanied　by　Captain　Waldo；　Lieutenant　Percy；　Captain　Winne；　Mr。　West；　and　Mr。　Scrivener；　who　was　eager　for　adventure；　set　off　for　the　discovery　of　Monacan。　　The　expedition；　as　Smith　predicted；　was　fruitless：　the　Indians　deceived　them　and　refused　to　trade；　and　the　company　got　back　to　Jamestown；　half　of　them　sick；　all　grumbling；　and　worn　out　with　toil；　famine；　and　discontent。

Smith　at　once　set　the　whole　colony　to　work；　some　to　make　glass；　tar；　pitch；　and　soap…ashes；　and　others　he　conducted　five　miles　down　the　river　to　learn　to　fell　trees　and　make　clapboards。　　In　this　company　were　a　couple　of　gallants；　lately　come　over；　Gabriel　Beadle　and　John　Russell；　proper　gentlemen；　but　unused　to　hardships；　whom　Smith　has　immortalized　by　his　novel　cure　of　their　profanity。　　They　took　gayly　to　the　rough　life；　and　entered　into　the　attack　on　the　forest　so　pleasantly　that　in　a　week　they　were　masters　of　chopping：　〃making　it　their　delight　to　hear　the　trees　thunder　as　they　fell；　but　the　axes　so　often　blistered　their　tender　fingers　that　many　times　every　third　blow　had　a　loud　othe　to　drown　the　echo；　for　remedie　of　which　sinne　the　President　devised　how　to　have　every　man's　othes　numbered；　and　at　night　for　every　othe　to　have　a　Canne　of　water　powred　downe　his　sleeve；　with　which　every　offender　was　so　washed　（himself　and　all）；　that　a　man　would　scarce　hear　an　othe　in　a　weake。〃　　In　the　clearing　of　our　country　since；　this　excellent　plan　has　fallen　into　desuetude；　for　want　of　any　pious　Captain　Smith　in　the　logging　camps。

These　gentlemen；　says　Smith；　did　not　spend　their　time　in　wood…logging　like　hirelings；　but　entered　into　it　with　such　spirit　that　thirty　of　them　would　accomplish　more　than　a　hundred　of　the　sort　that　had　to　be　driven　to　work；　yet；　he　sagaciously　adds；　〃twenty　good　workmen　had　been　better　than　them　all。〃

Returning　to　the　fort；　Smith；　as　usual；　found　the　time　consumed　and　no　provisions　got；　and　Newport's　ship　lying　idle　at　a　great　charge。　With　Percy　he　set　out　on　an　expedition　for　corn　to　the　Chickahominy；　which　the　insolent　Indians；　knowing　their　want；　would　not　supply。　Perceiving　that　it　was　Powhatan's　policy　to　starve　them　（as　if　it　was　the　business　of　the　Indians　to　support　all　the　European　vagabonds　and　adventurers　who　came　to　dispossess　them　of　their　country）；　Smith　gave　out　that　he　came　not　so　much　for　corn　as　to　revenge　his　imprisonment　and　the　death　of　his　men　murdered　by　the　Indians；　and　proceeded　to　make　war。　　This　high…handed　treatment　made　the　savages　sue　for　peace；　and　furnish；　although　they　complained　of　want　themselves；　owing　to　a　bad　harvest；　a　hundred　bushels　of　corn。

This　supply　contented　the　company；　who　feared　nothing　so　much　as　starving；　and　yet；　says　Smith；　so　envied　him　that　they　would　rather　hazard　starving　than　have　him　get　reputation　by　his　vigorous　conduct。　There　is　no　contemporary　account　of　that　period　except　this　which　Smith　indited。　　He　says　that　Newport　and　Ratcliffe　conspired　not　only　to　depose　him　but　to　keep　him　out　of　the　fort；　since　being　President　they　could　not　control　his　movements；　but　that　their　horns　were　much　too　short　to　effect　it。

At　this　time　in　the　〃old　Taverne；〃　as　Smith　calls　the　fort；　everybody　who　had　money　or　goods　made　all　he　could　by　trade；　soldiers；　sailors；　and　savages　were　agreed　to　barter；　and　there　was　more　care　to　maintain　their　damnable　and　private　trade　than　to　provide　the　things　necessary　for　the　colony。　　In　a　few　weeks　the　whites　had　bartered　away　nearly　all　the　axes；　chisels；　hoes；　and　picks；　and　what　powder；　shot；　and　pikeheads　they　could　steal；　in　exchange　for　furs；　baskets；　young　beasts　and　such　like　commodities。　　Though　the　supply　of　furs　was　scanty　in　Virginia；　one　master　confessed　he　had　got　in　one　voyage　by　this　private　trade　what　he　sold　in　England　for　thirty　pounds。　〃These　are　the　Saint…seeming　Worthies　of　Virginia；〃　indignantly　exclaims　the　President；　〃that　have；　notwithstanding　all　this；　meate；　drinke；　and　wages。〃　　But　now　they　began　to　get　weary　of　the　country；　their　trade　being　prevented。　　〃The　loss；　scorn；　and　misery　was　the　poor　officers；　gentlemen　and　careless　governors；　who　were　bought　and　sold。〃　　The　adventurers　were　cheated；　and　all　their　actions　overthrown　by　false　information　and　unwise　directions。

Master　Scrivener　was　sent　with　the　barges　and　pinnace　to　Werowocomoco；　where　by　the　aid　of　Namontuck　he　procured　a　little　corn；　though　the　savages　were　more　ready　to　fight　than　to　trade。　　At　length　Newport's　ship　was　loaded　with　clapboards；　pitch；　tar；　glass；　frankincense　（？）　and　soapashes；　and　despatched　to　England。　　About　two　hundred　men　were　left　in　the　colony。　　With　Newport；　Smith　sent　his　famous　letter　to　the　Treasurer　and　Council　in　England。　　It　is　so　good　a　specimen　of　Smith's　ability　with　the　pen；　reveals　so　well　his　sagacity　and　knowledge　of　what　a　colony　needed；　and　exposes　so　clearly　the　ill…management　of　the　London　promoters；　and　the　condition　of　the　colony；　that　we　copy　it　entire。　　It　appears　by　this　letter　that　Smith's　〃　Map　of　Virginia；〃　and　his　description　of　the　country　and　its　people；　which　were　not　published　till　1612；　were　sent　by　this　opportunity。