itinerary of archibishop-第23章

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ed；　daughter　of　Benadyl；　a　prince　of　Powis；　whom　he　seduced　during　the　time　of　his　detention　as　an　hostage　at　the　court　of　her　father。　　He　is　said　to　have　been　murdered　upon　the　mountain　called　the　Van；　and　buried　in　the　church　of　Merthyr　Cynawg；　or　Cynawg　the　Martyr；　near　Brecknock；　which　is　dedicated　to　his　memory。

｛42｝　　In　Welsh；　Illtyd；　which　has　been　latinised　into　Iltutus；　as　in　the　instance　of　St。　Iltutus；　the　celebrated　disciple　of　Germanus；　and　the　master　of　the　learned　Gildas；　who　founded　a　college　for　the　instruction　of　youth　at　Llantwit；　on　the　coast　of　Glamorganshire；　but　I　do　not　conceive　this　to　be　the　same　person。　　The　name　of　Ty…　Illtyd；　or　St。　Illtyd's　house；　is　still　known　as　Llanamllech；　but　it　is　applied　to　one　of　those　monuments　of　Druidical　antiquity　called　a　cistvaen；　erected　upon　an　eminence　named　Maenest；　at　a　short　distance　from　the　village。　　A　rude；　upright　stone　stood　formerly　on　one　side　of　it；　and　was　called　by　the　country　people　Maen　Illtyd；　or　Illtyd's　stone；　but　was　removed　about　a　century　ago。　　A　well；　the　stream　of　which　divides　this　parish　from　the　neighbouring　one　of　Llansaintfraid；　is　called　Ffynnon　Illtyd；　or　Illtyd's　well。　　This　was　evidently　the　site　of　the　hermitage　mentioned　by　Giraldus。

｛43｝　　Lhanhamelach；　or　Llanamllech；　is　a　small　village；　three　miles　from　Brecknock；　on　the　road　to　Abergavenny。

｛44｝　　The　name　of　Newmarche　appears　in　the　chartulary　of　Battel　abbey；　as　a　witness　to　one　of　the　charters　granted　by　William　the　Conqueror　to　the　monks　of　Battel　in　Sussex；　upon　his　foundation　of　their　house。　　He　obtained　the　territory　of　Brecknock　by　conquest；　from　Bleddyn　ap　Maenarch；　the　Welsh　regulus　thereof；　about　the　year　1092；　soon　after　his　countryman；　Robert　Fitzhamon；　had　reduced　the　county　of　Glamorgan。　　He　built　the　present　town　of　Brecknock；　where　he　also　founded　a　priory　of　Benedictine　monks。　　According　to　Leland；　he　was　buried　in　the　cloister　of　the　cathedral　church　at　Gloucester；　though　the　mutilated　remains　of　an　effigy　and　monument　are　still　ascribed　to　him　in　the　priory　church　at　Brecknock。

｛45｝　　Brecheinoc；　now　Brecknockshire；　had　three　cantreds　or　hundreds；　and　eight　comots。　…　1。　Cantref　Selef　with　the　comots　of　Selef　and　Trahayern。　…　2。　Cantref　Canol；　or　the　middle　hundred；　with　the　comots　Talgarth；　Ystradwy；　and　Brwynlys；　or　Eglyws　Yail。　…　3。　Cantref　Mawr；　or　the　great　hundred；　with　the　comots　of　Tir　Raulff　Llywel；　and　Cerrig　Howel。　…　Powel's　description　of　Wales；　p。　20。

｛46｝　　Milo　was　son　to　Walter；　constable　of　England　in　the　reign　of　Henry　I。；　and　Emme　his　wife；　one　of　the　daughters　of　Dru　de　Baladun；　sister　to　Hameline　de　Baladun；　a　person　of　great　note；　who　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and；　being　the　first　lord　of　Overwent　in　the　county　of　Monmouth；　built　the　castle　of　Abergavenny。　He　was　wounded　by　an　arrow　while　hunting；　on　Christmas　eve；　in　1144；　and　was　buried　in　the　chapter…house　of　Lanthoni；　near　Gloucester。

｛47｝　　Walter　de　Clifford。　　The　first　of　this　ancient　family　was　called　Ponce；　he　had　issue　three　sons；　Walter；　Drogo　or　Dru；　and　Richard。　　The　Conqueror's　survey　takes　notice　of　the　two　former；　but　from　Richard　the　genealogical　line　is　preserved；　who；　being　called　Richard　de　Pwns；　obtained；　as　a　gift　from　king　Henry　I。；　the　cantref　Bychan；　or　little　hundred；　and　the　castle　of　Llandovery；　in　Wales；　he　left　three　sons；　Simon；　Walter；　and　Richard。　　The　Walter　de　Clifford　here　mentioned　was　father　to　the　celebrated　Fair　Rosamond；　the　favourite　of　king　Henry　II。；　and　was　succeeded　by　his　eldest　son；　Walter；　who　married　Margaret；　daughter　to　Llewelyn；　prince　of　Wales；　and　widow　of　John　de　Braose。

｛48｝　　Brendlais；　or　Brynllys；　is　a　small　village　on　the　road　between　Brecknock　and　Hay；　where　a　stately　round　tower　marks　the　site　of　the　ancient　castle　of　the　Cliffords；　in　which　the　tyrant　Mahel　lost　his　life。

｛49｝　　St。　Almedha；　though　not　included　in　the　ordinary　lists；　is　said　to　have　been　a　daughter　of　Brychan；　and　sister　to　St。　Canoc；　and　to　have　borne　the　name　of　Elevetha；　Aled；　or　Elyned；　latinised　into　Almedha。　　The　Welsh　genealogists　say；　that　she　suffered　martyrdom　on　a　hill　near　Brecknock；　where　a　chapel　was　erected　to　her　memory；　and　William　of　Worcester　says　she　was　buried　at　Usk。　Mr。　Hugh　Thomas　（who　wrote　an　essay　towards　the　history　of　Brecknockshire　in　the　year　1698）　speaks　of　the　chapel　as　standing；　though　unroofed　and　useless；　in　his　time；　the　people　thereabouts　call　it　St。　Tayled。　　It　was　situated　on　an　eminence；　about　a　mile　to　the　eastward　of　Brecknock；　and　about　half　a　mile　from　a　farm…house；　formerly　the　mansion　and　residence　of　the　Aubreys；　lords　of　the　manor　of　Slwch；　which　lordship　was　bestowed　upon　Sir　Reginald　Awbrey　by　Bernard　Newmarche；　in　the　reign　of　William　Rufus。　　Some　small　vestiges　of　this　building　may　still　be　traced；　and　an　aged　yew　tree；　with　a　well　at　its　foot；　marks　the　site　near　which　the　chapel　formerly　stood。

｛50｝　　This　same　habit　is　still　（in　Sir　Richard　Colt　Hoare's　time）　used　by　the　Welsh　ploughboys；　they　have　a　sort　of　chaunt；　consisting　of　half　or　even　quarter　notes；　which　is　sung　to　the　oxen　at　plough：　the　countrymen　vulgarly　supposing　that　the　beasts　are　consoled　to　work　more　regularly　and　patiently　by　such　a　lullaby。

｛51｝　　The　umber；　or　grayling；　is　still　a　plentiful　and　favourite　fish　in　the　rivers　on　the　Welsh　border。

｛52｝　　About　the　year　1113；　〃there　was　a　talke　through　South　Wales；　of　Gruffyth；　the　sonne　of　Rees　ap　Theodor；　who；　for　feare　of　the　king；　had　beene　of　a　child　brought　up　in　Ireland；　and　had　come　over　two　yeares　passed；　which　time　he　had　spent　privilie　with　his　freends；　kinsfolks；　and　affines；　as　with　Gerald；　steward　of　Penbrooke；　his　brother…in…law；　and　others。　　But　at　the　last　he　was　accused　to　the　king；　that　he　intended　the　kingdome　of　South　Wales　as　his　father　had　enjoied　it；　which　was　now　in　the　king's　hands；　and　that　all　the　countrie　hoped　of　libertie　through　him；　therefore　the　king　sent　to　take　him。　　But　Gryffyth　ap　Rees　hering　this；　sent　to　Gruffyth　ap　Conan；　prince　of　North　Wales；　desiring　him　of　his　aid；　and　that　he　might　remaine　safelie　within　his　countrie；　which　he　granted；　and　received　him　joiouslie　for　his　father's　sake。〃　　He　afterwards　proved　so　troublesome　and　successful　an　antagonist；　that　the　king　endeavoured　by　every　possible　means　to　get　him　into　his　power。　　To　Gruffyth　ap　Conan　he　offered　〃mountaines　of　gold　to　send　the　said　Gruffyth　or　his　head　to　him。〃　　And　at　a　subsequent　period；　he　sent　for　Owen　ap…Cadogan　said　to　him；　〃Owen；　I　have　found　thee　true　and　faithful　unto　me；　therefore　I　desire　thee　to　take　or　kill　that　murtherer；　that　doth　so　trouble　my　loving　subjects。〃　　But　Gruffyth　escaped　all　the　snares　which　the　king　had　laid　for　him；　and　in　the　year　1137　died　a　natural　and　honourable　death；　he　is　styled　in　the　Welsh　chronicle；　〃the　light；　honor；　and　staie　of　South　Wales；〃　and　distinguished　as　the　bravest；　the　wisest；　the　most　merciful；　liberal；　and　just；　of　all　the　princes　of　Wales。　　By　his　wife　Gwenllian；　the　daughter　of　Gruffyth　ap　Conan；　he　left　a　son；　commonly　called　the　lord　Rhys；　who　met　the　archbishop　at　Radnor；　as　is　related　in　the　first　chapter　of　this　Itinerary。

｛53｝　　This　cantref；　which　now　bears　the　name　of　Caeo；　is　placed；　according　to　the　ancient　divisions　of　Wales；　in　the　cantref　Bychan；　or　little　hundred；　and　not　in　the　Cantref　Mawr；　or　great　hundred。　　A　village　between　Lampeter　in　Cardiganshire　and　Llandovery　in　Caermarthenshire；　still　bears　the　name　of　Cynwil　Caeo；　and；　from　its　picturesque　situation　and　the　remains　of　its　mines；　which　were　probably　worked　by　the　Romans；　deserves　the　notice　of　the　curious　traveller。

｛54｝　　The　lake　of　Brecheinoc　bears　the　several　names　of　Llyn　Savaddan；　Brecinau…mere；　Llangorse；　and　Talyllyn　Pool；　the　two　latter　of　which　are　derived　from　the　names　of　parishes　on　its　banks。　It　is　a　large；　though　by　no　means　a　beautiful；　piece　of　water；　its　banks　being　low　and　flat；　and　covered　with　rushes　and　other　aquatic　plants　to　a　considerable　distance　from　the　shore。　　Pike；　perch；　and　eels　are　the　common　fish　of　this　water；　tench　and　trout　are　rarely；　I　believe；　（if　ever）；　taken　in　it。　　The　notion　of　its　having　swallowed　up　an　ancient　city　is　not　yet　quite　exploded　by　the　natives；　and　some　will　even　attribute　the　name　of　Loventium　to　it；　which　is　with　much　greater　certainty　fixed　at　Llanio…isau；　between　Lampeter　and　Tregaron；　in　Cardiganshire；　on　the　northern　banks　of　the　river　Teivi；　where　there　are　very　considerable　and　undoubted　remains　of　a　large　Roman　city。　　The　legend　of　the　town　at　the　bottom　of　the　lake　is　at　the　same　time　very　old。

｛55｝　　That　chain　of　mountains　which　divides　Brecknockshire　from　Caermarthenshire；　over　which　the　turnpike　road　formerly　passed　from　Trecastle　to　Llandovery；　and　from　which　the　river　Usk　derives　its　source。

｛56｝　　This　mountain　is　now　called；　by　way　of　eminence；　the　Van；　or　the　height；　but　more　commonly；　by　country　people；　Bannau　Brycheinog；　or　the　Brecknock　heights；　alluding　to　its　two　peaks。　　Our　author；　Giraldus；　seems　to　have　taken　his　account　of　the　spring；　on　the　summit　of　this　mountain；　from　report；　rather　than　from　ocular　testimony。　　I　（Sir　R。　Colt　Hoare）　examined　the　summits　of　each　peak　very　attentively；　and　could　discern　no　spring　whatever。　　The　soil　is　peaty　and　very　boggy。　　On　the　declivity　of　the　southern　side　of　the　mountain；　and　at　no　considerable　distance　from　the　summit；　is　a　spring　of　very　fine　water；　which　my　guide　assured　me　never　failed。　On　the　north…west　side　of　the　mountain　is　a　round　pool；　in　which　possibly　trout　may　have　been　sometimes　found；　but；　from　the　muddy　nature　of　its　waters；　I　do　not　think　it　very　probable；　from　this　pool　issues　a　small　brook；　which　falls　precipitously　down　the　sides　of　the　mountain；　and　pursuing　its　course　through　a　narrow　and　well…　wooded　valley；　forms　a　pretty　cascade　near　a　rustic　bridge　which　traverses　it。　　I　am　rather　inclined　think；　that　Giraldus　confounded　in　his　account　the　spring　and　the　pool　together。

｛57｝　　The　first　of　these　are　now　styled　the　Black　Mountains；　of　which　the　Gadair　Fawr　is　the　principal；　and　is　only　secondary　to　the　Van　in　height。　　The　Black　Mountains　are　an　extensive　range　of　hills　rising　to　the　east　of　Talgarth；　in　the　several　parishes　of　Talgarth；　Llaneliew；　and　Llanigorn；　in　the　county　of　Brecknock；　and　connected　with　the　heights　of　Ewyas。　　The　most　elevated　point　is　called　Y　Gadair；　and；　excepting　the　Brecknock　Van　（the　Cadair　Arthur　of　Giraldus）；　is　esteemed　the　highest　mountain　in　South　Wales。　　The　mountains　of　Ewyas　are　those　now　called　the　Hatterel　Hills；　rising　above　the　monastery　of　Llanthoni；　and　joining　the　Black　Mountains　of　Talgarth　at　Capel　y　Ffin；　or　the　chapel　upon　the　boundary；　near　which　the　counties　of　Hereford；　Brecknock；　and　Monmouth　form　a　point　of　union。　　But　English　writers　have　generally　confounded　all　distinction；　calling　them　indiscriminately　the　Black　Mountains；　or　the　Hatterel　Hills。

｛58｝　　If　we　consider　the　circumstances　of　this　chapter；　it　will　appear　very　evidently；　that　the　vale　of　Ewyas　made　no　part　of　the　actual　Itinerary。

｛59｝　　Landewi　Nant　Hodeni；　or　the　church　of　St。　David　on　the　Hodni；　is　now　better　known　by　the　name　of　Llanthoni　abbey。　　A　small　and　rustic　chapel；　dedicated　to　St。　David；　at　first　occupied　the　site　of　this　abbey；　in　t