itinerary of archibishop-第27章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


　places　testify。　　A　small　lake　in　Montgomeryshire　is　called　Llyn　yr　Afangc；　a　pool　in　the　river　Conwy；　not　far　from　Bettws；　bears　the　same　name；　and　the　vale　called　Nant　Ffrancon；　upon　the　river　Ogwen；　in　Caernarvonshire；　is　supposed　by　the　natives　to　be　a　corruption　from　Nant　yr　Afan　cwm；　or　the　Vale　of　the　Beavers。　　Mr。　Owen；　in　his　dictionary；　says；　〃That　it　has　been　seen　in　this　vale　within　the　memory　of　man。〃　　Giraldus　has　previously　spoken　of　the　beaver　in　his　Topography　of　Ireland；　Distinc。　i。　c。　21。

｛137｝　　Our　author　having　made　a　long　digression；　in　order　to　introduce　the　history　of　the　beaver；　now　continues　his　Itinerary。　From　Cardigan；　the　archbishop　proceeded　towards　Pont…Stephen；　leaving　a　hill；　called　Cruc　Mawr；　on　the　left　hand；　which　still　retains　its　ancient　name；　and　agrees　exactly　with　the　position　given　to　it　by　Giraldus。　　On　its　summit　is　a　tumulus；　and　some　appearance　of　an　intrenchment。

｛138｝　　In　1135。

｛139｝　　Lampeter；　or　Llanbedr；　a　small　town　near　the　river　Teivi；　still　retains　the　name　of　Pont…Stephen。

｛140｝　　Leland　thus　speaks　of　Ystrad　Fflur　or　Strata　Florida：　〃Strateflere　is　set　round　about　with　montanes　not　far　distant；　except　on　the　west　parte；　where　Diffrin　Tyve　is。　　Many　hilles　therabout　hath　bene　well　woddid；　as　evidently　by　old　rotes　apperith；　but　now　in　them　is　almost　no　woode　…　the　causes　be　these。　　First；　the　wood　cut　down　was　never　copisid；　and　this　hath　beene　a　cause　of　destruction　of　wood　thorough　Wales。　　Secondly；　after　cutting　down　of　woodys；　the　gottys　hath　so　bytten　the　young　spring　that　it　never　grew　but　lyke　shrubbes。　　Thirddely；　men　for　the　monys　destroied　the　great　woddis　that　thei　should　not　harborow　theves。〃　　This　monastery　is　situated　in　the　wildest　part　of　Cardiganshire；　surrounded　on　three　sides　by　a　lofty　range　of　those　mountains；　called　by　our　author　Ellennith；　a　spot　admirably　suited　to　the　severe　and　recluse　order　of　the　Cistercians。

｛141｝　　＇Melenydd　or　Maelienydd。＇

｛142｝　　Leaving　Stratflur；　the　archbishop　and　his　train　returned　to　Llanddewi　Brefi；　and　from　thence　proceeded　to　Llanbadarn　Vawr。

｛143｝　　Llanbadarn　Fawr；　the　church　of　St。　Paternus　the　Great；　is　situated　in　a　valley；　at　a　short　distance　from　the　sea…port　town　of　Aberystwyth　in　Cardiganshire。

｛144｝　　The　name　of　this　bishop　is　said　to　have　been　Idnerth；　and　the　same　personage　whose　death　is　commemorated　in　an　inscription　at　Llanddewi　Brefi。

｛145｝　　This　river　is　now　called　Dovey。

｛146｝　　From　Llanbadarn　our　travellers　directed　their　course　towards　the　sea…coast；　and　ferrying　over　the　river　Dovey；　which　separates　North　from　South　Wales；　proceeded　to　Towyn；　in　Merionethshire；　where　they　passed　the　night。　　＇Venedotia　is　the　Latin　name　for　Gwynedd。＇

｛147｝　　The　province　of　Merionyth　was　at　this　period　occupied　by　David；　the　son　of　Owen　Gwynedd；　who　had　seized　it　forcibly　from　its　rightful　inheritor。　　This　Gruffydd　…　who　must　not　be　confused　with　his　great…grandfather；　the　famous　Gruffydd　ap　Conan；　prince　of　Gwynedd　…　was　son　to　Conan　ap　Owen　Gwynedd；　he　died　A。D。　1200；　and　was　buried　in　a　monk's　cowl；　in　the　abbey　of　Conway。

｛148｝　　The　epithet　〃bifurcus；〃　ascribed　by　Giraldus　to　the　river　Maw；　alludes　to　its　two　branches；　which　unite　their　streams　a　little　way　below　Llaneltid　bridge；　and　form　an　aestuary；　which　flows　down　to　the　sea　at　Barmouth　or　Aber　Maw。　　The　ford　at　this　place；　discovered　by　Malgo；　no　longer　exists。

｛149｝　　Llanfair　is　a　small　village；　about　a　mile　and　a　half　from　Harlech；　with　a　very　simple　church；　placed　in　a　retired　spot；　backed　by　precipitous　mountains。　　Here　the　archbishop　and　Giraldus　slept；　on　their　journey　from　Towyn　to　Nevyn。

｛150｝　　Ardudwy　was　a　comot　of　the　cantref　Dunodic；　in　Merionethshire；　and　according　to　Leland；　〃Streccith　from　half　Trait　Mawr　to　Abermaw　on　the　shore　XII　myles。〃　　The　bridge　here　alluded　to；　was　probably　over　the　river　Artro；　which　forms　a　small　aestuary　near　the　village　of　Llanbedr。

｛151｝　　The　Traeth　Mawr；　or　the　large　sands；　are　occasioned　by　a　variety　of　springs　and　rivers　which　flow　from　the　Snowdon　mountains；　and；　uniting　their　streams；　form　an　aestuary　below　Pont　Aberglaslyn。

｛152｝　The　Traeth　Bychan；　or　the　small　sands；　are　chiefly　formed　by　the　river　which　runs　down　the　beautiful　vale　of　Festiniog　to　Maentwrog　and　Tan　y　bwlch；　near　which　place　it　becomes　navigable。　Over　each　of　these　sands　the　road　leads　from　Merionyth　into　Caernarvonshire。

｛153｝　　Lleyn；　the　Canganorum　promontorium　of　Ptolemy；　was　an　extensive　hundred　containing　three　comots；　and　comprehending　that　long　neck　of　land　between　Caernarvon　and　Cardigan　bays。　　Leland　says；　〃Al　Lene　is　as　it　were　a　pointe　into　the　se。〃

｛154｝　　In　mentioning　the　rivers　which　the　missionaries　had　lately　crossed；　our　author　has　been　guilty　of　a　great　topographical　error　in　placing　the　river　Dissennith　between　the　Maw　and　Traeth　Mawr；　as　also　in　placing　the　Arthro　between　the　Traeth　Mawr　and　Traeth　Bychan；　as　a　glance　at　a　map　will　shew。

｛155｝　　To　two　personages　of　this　name　the　gift　of　prophecy　was　anciently　attributed：　　one　was　called　Ambrosius；　the　other　Sylvestris；　the　latter　here　mentioned　（and　whose　works　Giraldus；　after　a　long　research；　found　at　Nefyn）　was；　according　to　the　story；　the　son　of　Morvryn；　and　generally　called　Merddin　Wyllt；　or　Merddin　the　Wild。　　He　is　pretended　to　have　flourished　about　the　middle　of　the　sixth　century；　and　ranked　with　Merddin　Emrys　and　Taliesin；　under　the　appellation　of　the　three　principal　bards　of　the　Isle　of　Britain。

｛156｝　　This　island　once　afforded；　according　to　the　old　accounts；　an　asylum　to　twenty　thousand　saints；　and　after　death；　graves　to　as　many　of　their　bodies；　whence　it　has　been　called　Insula　Sanctorum；　the　Isle　of　Saints。　　This　island　derived　its　British　name　of　Enlli　from　the　fierce　current　which　rages　between　it　and　the　main　land。　　The　Saxons　named　it　Bardsey；　probably　from　the　Bards；　who　retired　hither；　preferring　solitude　to　the　company　of　invading　foreigners。

｛157｝　　This　ancient　city　has　been　recorded　by　a　variety　of　names。　During　the　time　of　the　Romans　it　was　called　Segontium；　the　site　of　which　is　now　called　Caer　Seiont；　the　fortress　on　the　river　Seiont；　where　the　Setantiorum　portus；　and　the　Seteia　AEstuarium　of　Ptolemy　have　also　been　placed。　　It　is　called；　by　Nennius；　Caer　Custent；　or　the　city　of　Constantius；　and　Matthew　of　Westminster　says；　that　about　the　year　1283　the　body　of　Constantius；　father　of　the　emperor　Constantine；　was　found　there；　and　honourably　desposited　in　the　church　by　order　of　Edward　I。

｛158｝　　I　have　searched　in　vain　for　a　valley　which　would　answer　the　description　here　given　by　Geraldus；　and　the　scene　of　so　much　pleasantry　to　the　travellers；　for　neither　do　the　old　or　new　road；　from　Caernarvon　to　Bangor；　in　any　way　correspond。　　But　I　have　since　been　informed；　that　there　is　a　valley　called　Nant　y　Garth　（near　the　residence　of　Ashton　Smith；　Esq。　at　Vaenol）；　which　terminates　at　about　half　a　mile's　distance　from　the　Menai；　and　therefore　not　observable　from　the　road；　it　is　a　serpentine　ravine　of　more　than　a　mile；　in　a　direction　towards　the　mountains；　and　probably　that　which　the　crusaders　crossed　on　their　journey　to　Bangor。

｛159｝　　Bangor。　…　This　cathedral　church　must　not　be　confounded　with　the　celebrated　college　of　the　same　name；　in　Flintshire；　founded　by　Dunod　Vawr；　son　of　Pabo；　a　chieftain　who　lived　about　the　beginning　of　the　sixth　century；　and　from　him　called　Bangor　Dunod。　　The　Bangor；　i。e。　the　college；　in　Caernarvonshire；　is　properly　called　Bangor　Deiniol；　Bangor　Vawr　yn　Arllechwedd；　and　Bangor　Vawr　uwch　Conwy。　　It　owes　its　origin　to　Deiniol；　son　of　Dunod　ap　Pabo；　a　saint　who　lived　in　the　early　part　of　the　sixth　century；　and　in　the　year　525　founded　this　college　at　Bangor；　in　Caernarvonshire；　over　which　he　presided　as　abbot。　　Guy　Rufus；　called　by　our　author　Guianus；　was　at　this　time　bishop　of　this　see；　and　died　in　1190。

｛160｝　　Guianus；　or　Guy　Rufus；　dean　of　Waltham；　in　Essex；　and　consecrated　to　this　see；　at　Ambresbury；　Wilts；　in　May　1177。

｛161｝　　Mona；　or　Anglesey。

｛162｝　　The　spot　selected　by　Baldwin　for　addressing　the　multitude；　has　in　some　degree　been　elucidated　by　the　anonymous　author　of　the　Supplement　to　Rowland's　Mona　Antiqua。　　He　says；　that　〃From　tradition　and　memorials　still　retained；　we　have　reasons　to　suppose　that　they　met　in　an　open　place　in　the　parish　of　Landisilio；　called　Cerrig　y　Borth。　　The　inhabitants；　by　the　grateful　remembrance；　to　perpetuate　the　honour　of　that　day；　called　the　place　where　the　archbishop　stood；　Carreg　yr　Archjagon；　i。e。　the　Archbishop's　Rock；　and　where　prince　Roderic　stood；　Maen　Roderic；　or　the　Stone　of　Roderic。〃　　This　account　is　in　part　corroborated　by　the　following　communication　from　Mr。　Richard　Llwyd　of　Beaumaris；　who　made　personal　inquiries　on　the　spot。　〃Cerrig　y　Borth；　being　a　rough；　undulating　district；　could　not；　for　that　reason；　have　been　chosen　for　addressing　a　multitude；　but　adjoining　it　there　are　two　eminences　which　command　a　convenient　surface　for　that　purpose；　one　called　Maen　Rodi　（the　Stone　or　Rock　of　Roderic）；　the　property　of　Owen　Williams；　Esq。；　and　the　other　Carreg　Iago；　belonging　to　Lord　Uxbridge。　　This　last；　as　now　pronounced；　means　the　Rock　of　St。　James；　but　I　have　no　difficulty　in　admitting；　that　Carreg　yr　Arch　Iagon　may　（by　the　compression　of　common；　undiscriminating　language；　and　the　obliteration　of　the　event　from　ignorant　minds　by　the　lapse　of　so　many　centuries）　be　contracted　into　Carreg　Iago。　　Cadair　yr　archesgob　is　now　also　contracted　into　Cadair　（chair；　a　seat　naturally　formed　in　the　rock；　with　a　rude　arch　over　it；　on　the　road　side；　which　is　a　rough　terrace　over　the　breast　of　a　rocky　and　commanding　cliff；　and　the　nearest　way　from　the　above　eminences　to　the　insulated　church　of　Landisilio。　　This　word　Cadair；　though　in　general　language　a　chair；　yet　when　applied　to　exalted　situations；　means　an　observatory；　as　Cadair　Idris；　etc。；　but　there　can；　in　my　opinion；　be　no　doubt　that　this　seat　in　the　rock　is　that　described　by　the　words　Cadair　yr　Archesgob。〃　　＇Still　more　probable；　and　certainly　more　flattering　to　Giraldus；　is　that　it　was　called　〃Cadair　yr　Arch　Ddiacon〃　（the　Archdeacon's　chair）。＇

｛163｝　　This　hundred　contained　the　comots　of　Mynyw；　or　St。　David's；　and　Pencaer。

｛164｝　　I　am　indebted　to　Mr。　Richard　Llwyd　for　the　following　curious　extract　from　a　Manuscript　of　the　late　intelligent　Mr。　Rowlands；　respecting　this　miraculous　stone；　called　Maen　Morddwyd；　or　the　stone　of　the　thigh；　which　once　existed　in　Llanidan　parish。　　〃Hic　etiam　lapis　lumbi；　vulgo　Maen　Morddwyd；　in　hujus　caemiterii　vallo　locum　sibi　e　longo　a　retro　tempore　obtinuit；　exindeque　his　nuperis　annis；　quo　nescio　papicola　vel　qua　inscia　manu　nulla　ut　olim　retinente　virtute；　quae　tunc　penitus　elanguit　aut　vetustate　evaporavit；　nullo　sane　loci　dispendio；　nec　illi　qui　eripuit　emolumento；　ereptus　et　deportatus　fuit。〃

｛165｝　　Hugh；　earl　of　Chester。　　The　first　earl　of　Chester　after　the　Norman　conquest；　was　Gherbod；　a　Fleming；　who；　having　obtained　leave　from　king　William　to　go　into　Flanders　for　the　purpose　of　arranging　some　family　concerns；　was　taken　and　detained　a　prisoner　by　his　enemies；　upon　which　the　conqueror　bestowed　the　earldom　of　Chester　on　Hugh　de　Abrincis　or　of　Avranches；　〃to　hold　as　freely　by　the　sword；　as　the　king　himself　did　England　by　the　crown。〃

｛166｝　　This　church　is　at　Llan