criminal psychology-第21章

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own　and　so　often　practiced　that　they　became　involuntary。＇2＇　Hence；　for　example；　the　foolish　question　how　a　person　believed　to　be　disguised　can　be　recognized　as　man　or　woman。　The　well　known　answer　is：　let　some　small　object　fall　on　his　lap；　the　woman　will　spread　her　limbs　apart　because　she　is　accustomed　to　wear　a　dress　in　which　she　catches　the　object；　the　man　will　bring　his　limbs　together　because　he　wears　trousers　and　is　able　to　catch　the　object　only　in　this　way。　There　are　so　many　such　habitual　actions　that　it　is　difficult　to　say　where　actual　reflexes　end　and　habits　begin。　They　will　be　properly　distinguished　when　the　first　are　understood　as　single　detached　movements　and　the　last　as　a　continuous；　perhaps　even　unconscious　and　long…enduring　action。　When　I；　for　example；　while　working；　take　a　cigar；　cut　off　the　end；　light　it；　smoke；　and　later　am　absolutely　unaware　that　I　have　done　this；　what　has　occurred　is　certainly　not　a　reflex　but　a　habitual　action。　The　latter　does　not　belong　to　this　class　in　which　are　to　be　grouped　only　such　as　practically　bear　a　defensive　character。　As　examples　of　how　such　movements　may　have　criminological　significance　only　one's　own

＇1＇　Berz