criminal psychology-第73章

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an；　to　define　a　number　of　them　as　directly　necessary；　and　to　deduce　another　number　from　their　regular　co…existence。　The　certainty　here　will　be　the　same　as　in　the　former　case；　and　once　it　is　attained　we　shall　be　able　satisfactorily　to　interpret　the　conduct；　etc。；　of　woman。

Before　turning　to　feminine　psychology　I　should　like　briefly　to　touch　upon　the　use　of　the　literature　in　our　question　and　indicate　that　the　poets'　results　are　not　good　for　us　so　long　as　we　are　trying　to　satisfy　our　particular　legal　needs。　We　might；　of　course；　refer　to　the　poet　for　information　concerning　the　feminine　heart；woman's　most　important　property；but　the　historically　famous　knowers　of　the　woman's　heart　leave　us　in　the　lurch　and　even　lead　us　into　decided　errors。　We　are　not　here　concerned　with　the　history　of　literature；　nor　with　the　solution　of　the　‘‘dear　riddle　of　woman；''　we　are　dry…soured　lawyers　who　seek　to　avoid　mistakes　at　the　expense　of　the　honor　and　liberty　of　others；　and　if　we　do　not　want　to　believe　the　poets　it　is　only　because　of　many　costly　mistakes。　Once　we　were　all　young　and　had　ideals。　What　the　poets　told　us　we　supposed　to　be　the　wisdom　of　lifenobody　else　ever　offers　anyand　we　wanted　compulsorily　to　solve　the　most　urgent　of　human　problems　with　our　poetical　views。　Illusions；　mistakes；　and　guiltless　remorse；　were　the　consequence　of　this　topsy…turvy　work。

Of　course　I　do　not　mean　to　drag　our　poets　to　court　and　accuse　them　of　seducing　our　youth　with　false　godsI　am　convinced　that　if　the　poets　were　asked　they　would　tell　us　that　their　poetry　was　intended　for　all　save　for　physicians　and　criminalists。　But　it　is　conceivable　that　they　have　introduced　points　of　view　that　do　not　imply　real　life。　Poetical　forms　do　not　grow　up　naturally；　and　then　suddenly　come。　together　in　a　self…originated　idea。　The　poet　creates　the　idea　first；　and　in　order　that　this　may　be　so　the　individual　form　must　evolve　according　to　sense。　The　more　natural　and　inevitable　this　process　becomes　the　better　the　poem；　but　it　does　not　follow　that　since　we　do　not　doubt　it　because　it　seems　so　natural；　it　mirrors　the　process　of　life。　Not　one　of　us　criminalists　has　ever　seen　a　form　　as　described　in　a　poemleast　of　all　a　woman。　Obviously；　in　our　serious　and　dry　work；　we　may　be　able　to　interpret　many　an　observation　and　assertion　of　the　poet　as　a　golden　truth；　but　only　when　we　have　tested　its　correctness　for　the　daily　life。　But　it　must　be　understood　that　I　am　not　saying　here；　that　we　ourselves　might　have　been　able　to　make　the　observation；　or　to　abstract　a　truth　from　the　flux　of　appearances；　or　at　least　to　set　it　in　beautiful；　terse；　and　I　might　say　convincing；　form。　I　merely　assert；　that　we　must　be　permitted　to　examine　whether　what　has　been　beautifully　said　may　be　generalized；　and　whether　we　then　have　found　the　same；　or　a　similar　thing；　in　the　daily　life。　Paradoxical　as　it　sounds；　we　must　never　forget　that　there　is　a　kind　of　evidentiality　in　the　form　of　beauty　itself。　One　of　Blopstock's　remarkable　psalms　begins：　‘‘Moons　wander　round　the　earth；　earths　round　suns；　the　whole　host　of　suns　wander　round　a　greater　sun；　Our　Father；　that　art　thou。''　In　this　inexpressibly　lofty　verse　there　is　essentially；　and　only　in　an　extremely　intensified　fashion；　evidence　of　the　existence　of　God；　and　if　the　convinced　atheist　should　read　this　verse　he　would；　at　least　for　the　moment；　believe　in　his　existence。　At　the　same　time；　a　real　development　of　evidence　is　neither　presented　nor　intended。　There　are　magnificent　images；　unassailable　true　propositions：　the　moon　goes　round　about　the　earth；　the　earth　about　the　sun；　the　whole　system　around　a　central　sunand　now　without　anything　else；　the　fourth　proposition　concerning　the　identity　of　the　central　sun　with　our　heavenly　Father　is　added　as　true。　And　the　reader　is　captivated　for　at　least　a　minute！　What　I　have　tried　here　to　show　by　means　of　a　drastic　example　occurs　many　times　in　poems；　and　is　especially　evident　where　woman　is　the　subject；　so　that　we　may　unite　in　believing　that　the　poet　can　not　teach　us　that　subject；　that　he　may　only　lead　us　into　errors。

To　learn　about　the　nature　of　woman　and　its　difference　from　that　of　man　we　must　drop　everything　poetical。　Most　conscientiously　we　must　drop　all　cynicism　and　seek　to　find　illumination　only　in　serious　disciplines。　These　disciplines　may　be　universal　history　and　the　history　of　culture；　but　certainly　not　memoirs；　which　always　represent　subjective　experience　and　one…sided　views。　Anatomy；　physiology；　anthropology；　and　serious　special　literature；　presupposed；　may　give　us　an　unprejudiced　outlook；　and　then　with　much　effort　we　may　observe；　compare；　and　renew　our　tests　of　what　has　been　established；　sine　ire　et　studio；　sine　odio　et　gratia。　

I　subjoin　a　list　of　sources　and　of　especial　literature　which　also　contains　additional　references。＇1＇


＇1＇　E。　Reich：　Das　Leben　des　Menschens　als　Individuum。　Berlin　1881。

L。　von　Stern：　Die　Frau　auf　dem　Gebiete　etc。　Stuttgart　1876。

A。　Corre：　La　Mre　et　l'Enfant　dans　les　Races　Humaines。　Paris　1882。

A。　v。　Schweiger…Lerchenfeld：　Das　Frauenleben　auf　der　Erde。　Vienna　1881

J。　Michelet。　La　Femme。

Rykre：　Das　weibliches　Verbrechertum。　Brussels　1898。

C。　Renooz：　Psychologie　Compar