魔法英语课文译注(高二·下)-第5章
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河口是许多新出生动物的最好的去处。在这里，动物们可以享受到海洋的所有益处而不必面对太多的危险。潮流供给生态系统能量，由于有岛屿，淤泥和沙子的保护，海湾就免受大浪的侵袭。
河口的营养物质来源于海洋和陆地上的营养物质。河口地区生物的多样性令人难以置信——各种鸟鱼，海生哺乳类动物，贝壳类以及其他各种生物都来到这里生活，觅食和繁殖。
河口之所以重要也是因为他们能吸收来自内陆河水中的营养物和污染物，从而清洁我们的水源。不幸的是，这种功能使河口对环境污染非常敏感。既然河口能保护动植物免受暴风雨和洪涝灾害的袭击，阻止了侵蚀，那么保护他们就非常重要。最后，河口能为人类提供娱乐和教育的场所。
大多数人都喜欢钓鱼，游泳和在海滩上玩耍，也给科学家和学生们提供无穷的机会去研究聚集此地的各种生物。河口也通过旅游业和渔业促进经济的发展。
重点、难点、考点及疑点解释
1。This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds—a transition zone between the land and sea。 盐水和淡水混合创造出了一个独特的环境，其中充满了各种生物——这是陆地和海洋的过渡区
（1） filled with相当于一个定语从句 which/ that is filled with …，此处用来修饰名词environment。
（2） a transition zone between the land and sea进一步补充说明 a unique environment。transition 为名词，表示“转变＇换，移＇，演变； 变迁； 过渡（时期）”等的意思。
the frequent transition of weather 天气的变化无常
transition energy 转变能，跃迁能
2。Here； animals can enjoy all the benefits of the oceans without having to face many of its dangers。 在这里，动物们可以享受到海洋的所有益处而不必面对太多的危险。
benefit 不可数名词，表示“利益，好处”的意思。
This dictionary will be of much benefit to me。这部字典将对我有很大益处。
I did it for his benefit。 我做这个是为了帮助他。
benefit也可用作动词，表示“有益于；获益；得益于”之意，当表示“获益；得益于”的意思时常与from； by连用。
We benefit from/by daily exercises。 我们得益于每天做操。
Exercise benefits our health。 运动有益于我们的健康。
3。Tides provide energy for the ecosystems； but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands； mud； or sand。 潮汐供给生态系统能量，岛屿，淤泥和沙子保护着海湾免受大浪的侵袭。
（1） provide sth。 for sb。=provide sb。 with sth。 意为“供给某人某物；向某人提供某物”。
They provide us with food。 他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children。我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
（2） but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands； mud； or sand。 这个分句为短语 protect sth。 from /against sth“防止……免受……的侵害”的被动语态用法。变为主动则是islands； mud； or sand protect the estuaries from waves and storms。
4。Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutions from water coming from inland sources； thus cleaning our water。
河口之所以重要也是因为他们能吸收来自内陆河水中的营养物和污染物，从而清洁我们的水源。
（1） absorb 动词，表示“吸收（液体）；吸取（知识）；承受；占有”之意。短语be absorbed in sth。
表示“全神贯注在……，一心从事，热衷于某物”之意。
We will not absorb these charges。 我们不能承担这些费用。
This job absorbs all of my time。这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
（2） thus cleaning our water在此处为分词短语表示结果。
5。…scientists and students have endless opportunities to study a variety of life in the habitat。
……也给科学家和学生们提供无穷的机会去研究聚集此地的各种生物。
短语a （considerable； great； wide）variety of 表示“各种各样的，品类繁多的”之意。
The shoppingcentre sells a variety of goods。这个购物中心出售各种商品。
At school we learn a wide variety of things。 在学校我们学习各种知识。
Unit 14 Freedom fightersJohn Brown 约翰·布朗
·Born in 18001800年出生
·Worked as a farmer身份是农民
·Believed that slavery was bad认为奴隶制度是不对的
·Made friends and lived with free black people in the 1840
1840年与已经获得自由的黑人交朋友并与他们一起生活
·Helped runaway slaves in the 1850s19世纪50年代帮助奴隶逃跑
·In 1855 he and five of his sons fought to create a safe area for black people
1855年为了给黑人创造一个安全的环境，他和他的五个儿子共同参加了战斗。
Harriet Tubman哈里特·塔布曼
·Born as a slave in 18201820年出生于奴隶家庭
·Escaped in 18491849年逃跑
·In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves
1850年通过了禁止帮助奴隶逃跑的法律
·Joined an action group to help runaway slaves in 1850
1850年加入帮助黑人逃跑的行动组织
·Saved more than 300 slaves from 1851 to 1861
1851到1861年间帮助300多个黑奴获得自由
·Fought in the Civil War and rescued more than 750 slaves
参加美国内战并帮助750多个黑奴获得自由
·Active in the womens rights movement after the war
战后积极参加妇女争取权利的运动
·Opened a home for old and poor black people in 1908。
1908年为年老的和贫穷的黑人创办了一所福利院
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1。Put in prison from 1926 till 1989。 从1926到1989年一直坐牢。
put sb。 in prison意为“把……投入监狱，使……坐牢”，（注意prison前面不可加冠词）也可以说throw /cast/ take sb。 in prison。 be in prison表示状态“（正在）坐牢”，come out of prison为“出狱”之意。
The robber has been put into prison。 那个抢劫犯已经被投入监狱。
He told me that he had been in prison。 他告诉我说他曾做过牢。
The prisoner has just come out of prison。 那个囚犯刚刚从监狱里释放出来。
2。In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves。 1850年通过了禁止帮助奴隶逃跑的法律。
forbid （forbade； forbidden）动词，表示“禁止，不许”之意。常有如下用法：
forbid sb。 to do sth。（禁止某人干某事）；forbid doing sth。（禁止干某事）此用法常用于被动语态。
forbid sb。 sth。（禁止某人某事、某物）；forbid that clause （禁止……）。
The law forbade the workers to march at that time。 当时的法律禁止人们游行。
Smoking was forbidden in the meeting hall。=People forbade smoking in the hall。
大厅里禁止吸烟。
His parents forbid him wine and cigarettes。父母禁止他吸烟和喝酒。
3。Active in the women’s right movement after the war。
战后积极参加妇女争取权利的运动。
active形容词，表示“积极的；活动的；活跃的”之意。名词为activity（活动）。
She is very active。 她非常活跃。
take an active part in或be active in都可以表示“积极地去干……”。
We should take an active part in our work。
我们应该积极地投入到工作中去。
He is active in the activities of the club。他积极地参加俱乐部的活动。
4。John Brown died so that slaves might be set free。 （3 times） 约翰·布朗为了奴隶的解放而死。
set sb。 free表示“释放某人”之意。
At last； all the slaves were set free。
最后，所有的奴隶都获得了解放。
He caught many small fishes but he set them free。
他捉到了许多小鱼，但是又把它们放了。
Unit 14 Freedom fightersI HAVE A DREAM 我有一个梦想
In the summer of 1963 Martin Luther King； Jr gave a speech to thousands of black people who marched on Washington DC； the capital of the USA。 His speech—“I have a dream”—made him famous all over the world。
At that time in the southern states； blacks were not treated as equal citizens。 Although slavery ended in the USA in 1865； almost a hundred years before； the South had its own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites。 Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law。 There were separate sections for blacks in shops； restaurants； hospitals； and on buses and trains。 Often blacks were not allowed into hotels； schools or libraries at all。 Black children were educated in separate schools； and black people had no right to vote in the southern states。
King fought for political rights for black people in the USA。By doing this he set an example for the rest of the world。 His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people。
Born in 1929； King went to university when he was fifteen。 Winning a scholarship gave him the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states； where black people had equal rights and were free to live； study and work as they wished。 All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights。 He believed that he could achieve that goal by peaceful actions； not by violence。
On December 1； 1955； Rosa Parks； a black woman； got on a bus in Alabama and sat down in the“Whitesonly” section。 She refused to stand up for a white man and was arrested by the police。 King led a boycott of the bus company。 For 381 days； black people refused to take the city buses。 In the end the government lawyers in the capital said that the bus company was wrong to separate blacks from whites。
Winning this case gave King national attention。 He led many nonviolent demonstrations against racial discrimination and the Vietnam War during which he himself was often beaten or arrested by the police。 One of these was in Birmingham； Alabama。 Housing conditions for blacks in Birmingham were bad and there were few jobs for blacks。 King wrote an important letter from prison。“We have waited 340 years for our rights！ We find it difficult to wait。 This ‘wait has almost always meant‘Never’；” he said。
It was during the“March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech“I Have a Dream”； which inspired people of all races to fight for equality。 The following year； King received the Nobel Prize for Peace。 In the same year； a new Civil Rights Act was passed and in 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law。 From then on； all black people had the right to vote。
Martin Luther King； Jr was murdered in 1968。 However； his struggle had already changed the whole of society in the USA。Soon after his death； black people started enjoying the rights they had waited and fought for so long。
1963年的夏天，马丁·路德·金在美国首都华盛顿面对几千个游行示威的黑人发表了一个演讲。
他的演讲—“我有一个梦想”—使得他闻名全世界。当时，南方各州的黑人都受到不公正的待遇。尽管在1865年，也就是将近一百年前，美国就结束了奴隶制度，南方却仍然还有自己的法律将黑人和白人隔离开。法律禁止种族通婚。商店、饭馆、医院、公共汽车、火车都有为黑人而设的隔离区。通常旅馆、学校和图书馆根本不允许黑人进入。黑人孩子在单独的学校里接受教育，南部诸州的黑人也没有选举权。
金为了美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。通过斗争，他给全世界其他的人树立了榜样。 他认为黑人不应该被隔离而应该和其他人一样受到尊重。
金出生于1929年，他在十五岁时就上了大学。他获得了奖学金，这使他争取到了去北方的一个州上大学的机会，那里的黑人都享有平等的权利，他们可以自由地生活，学习和做他们想做的工作。他毕生都认为要是人们享受不到民权，那么改变社会是正确的并且也很有必要。金相信他能够通过和平而不是暴力的方式达到这一目标。
1955年11月1日，一位黑人妇女，骆莎·帕克斯在阿拉巴马州上了公共汽车并坐在了“白人区”里。她拒绝为一位白人男士让座而被警察逮捕。金领导了抵制公交公司的运动。381天里，黑人都拒绝乘坐城市公共汽车。最后，首都政府的律师发表声明说公交公司把黑人同白人分开是错误的。这次斗争的胜利使金受到了全
