heimskringla-第114章

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e　　　　　　Must　for　one　Thingman　fly　for　life；　　　　　　My　lovely　Norse　maid；　in　my　youth　　　　　　We　thought　the　opposite　the　truth。〃

Ulf　the　marshal　died　that　spring　（A。D。　1066）。　　King　Harald　stood　over　his　grave；　and　said；　as　he　was　leaving　it；　〃There　lies　now　the　truest　of　men；　and　the　most　devoted　to　his　king。〃

Earl　Toste　sailed　in　spring　west　to　Flanders；　to　meet　the　people　who　had　left　England　with　him；　and　others　besides　who　had　gathered　to　him　both　out　of　England　and　Flanders。



83。　GYRD'S　DREAMS。

King　Harald's　fleet　assembled　at　the　Solunds。　　When　King　Harald　was　ready　to　leave　Nidaros　he　went　to　King　Olaf's　shrine；　unlocked　it；　clipped　his　hair　and　nails；　and　locked　the　shrine　again；　and　threw　the　keys　into　the　Nid。　　Some　say　he　threw　them　overboard　outside　of　Agdanes；　and　since　then　the　shrine　of　Saint　Olaf；　the　king；　has　never　been　opened。　　Thirty…five　years　had　passed　since　he　was　slain；　and　he　lived　thirty…five　years　here　on　earth　（A。D。　1080…1066）。　　King　Harald　sailed　with　his　ships　he　had　about　him　to　the　south　to　meet　his　people；　and　a　great　fleet　was　collected；　so　that。　according　to　the　people's　reckoning；　King　Harald　had　nearly　200　ships　beside　provision…ships　and　small　craft。

While　they　lay　at　the　Solunds　a　man　called　Gyrd；　on　board　the　king's　ship；　had　a　dream。　　He　thought　he　was　standing　in　the　king's　ship　and　saw　a　great　witch…wife　standing　on　the　island；　with　a　fork　in　one　hand　and　a　trough　in　the　other。　　He　thought　also　that　he　saw　over　all　the　fleet；　and　that　a　fowl　was　sitting　upon　every　ship's　stern；　and　that　these　fowls　were　all　ravens　or　ernes；　and　the　witch…wife　sang　this　song：　

　　　　　〃From　the　east　I'll　'tice　the　king；　　　　　　To　the　west　the　king　I'll　bring；　　　　　　Many　a　noble　bone　will　be　　　　　　Ravens　o'er　Giuke's　ship　are　fitting；　　　　　　Eyeing　the　prey　they　think　most　fitting。　　　　　　Upon　the　stem　I'll　sail　with　them！　　　　　　Upon　the　stem　I'll　sail　with　them！〃



84。　THORD'S　DREAM。

There　was　also　a　man　called　Thord；　in　a　ship　which　lay　not　far　from　the　king's。　　He　dreamt　one　night　that　he　saw　King　Harald's　fleet　coming　to　land；　and　he　knew　the　land　to　be　England。　　He　saw　a　great　battle…array　on　the　land；　and　he　thought　both　sides　began　to　fight；　and　had　many　banners　flapping　in　the　air。　　And　before　the　army　of　the　people　of　the　country　was　riding　a　huge　witch…　wife　upon　a　wolf；　and　the　wolf　had　a　man's　carcass　in　his　mouth；　and　the　blood　was　dropping　from　his　jaws；　and　when　he　had　eaten　up　one　body　she　threw　another　into　his　mouth；　and　so　one　after　another；　and　he　swallowed　them　all。　　And　she　sang　thus：　

　　　　　〃Skade's　eagle　eyes　　　　　　The　king's　ill　luck　espies：　　　　　　Though　glancing　shields　　　　　　Hide　the　green　fields；　　　　　　The　king's　ill　luck　she　spies。　　　　　　To　bode　the　doom　of　this　great　king；　　　　　　The　flesh　of　bleeding　men　I　fling　　　　　　To　hairy　jaw　and　hungry　maw！　　　　　　To　hairy　jaw　and　hungry　maw！〃



85。　KING　HARALD'S　DREAM。

King　Harald　also　dreamt　one　night　that　he　was　in　Nidaros；　and　met　his　brother；　King　Olaf；　who　sang　to　him　these　verses：　

　　　　　〃In　many　a　fight　　　　　　My　name　was　bright；　　　　　　Men　weep；　and　tell　　　　　　How　Olaf　fell。　　　　　　Thy　death　is　near；　　　　　　Thy　corpse；　I　fear；　　　　　　The　crow　will　feed；　　　　　　The　witch…wife's　steed。〃

Many　other　dreams　and　forebodings　were　then　told　of；　and　most　of　them　gloomy。　　Before　King　Harald　left　Throndhjem；　he　let　his　son　Magnus　be　proclaimed　king　and　set　him　as　king　over　Norway　while　he　was　absent。　　Thora；　the　daughter　of　Thorberg；　also　remained　behind；　but　he　took　with　him　Queen　Ellisif　and　her　two　daughters；　Maria　and　Ingegerd。　　Olaf；　King　Harald's　son；　also　accompanied　his　father　abroad。



86。　BATTLE　AT　SCARBOROUGH。

When　King　Harald　was　clear　for　sea；　and　the　wind　became　favourable；　he　sailed　out　into　the　ocean；　and　he　himself　landed　in　Shetland；　but　a　part　of　his　fleet　in　the　Orkney　Islands。　　King　Harald　stopped　but　a　short　time　in　Shetland　before　sailing　to　Orkney；　from　whence　he　took　with　him　a　great　armed　force；　and　the　earls　Paul　and　Erlend；　the　sons　of　Earl　Thorfin；　but　he　left　behind　him　here　the　Queen　Ellisif；　and　her　daughters　Maria　and　Ingegerd。　　Then　he　sailed；　leaving　Scotland　and　England　westward　of　him；　and　landed　at　a　place　called　Klifland。　　There　he　went　on　shore　and　plundered；　and　brought　the　country　in　subjection　to　him　without　opposition。　　Then　he　brought　up　at　Skardaburg；　and　fought　with　the　people　of　the　place。　　He　went　up　a　hill　which　is　there；　and　made　a　great　pile　upon　it；　which　he　set　on　fire；　and　when　the　pile　was　in　clear　flame；　his　men　took　large　forks　and　pitched　the　burning　wood　down　into　the　town；　so　that　one　house　caught　fire　after　the　other；　and　the　town　surrendered。　　The　Northmen　killed　many　people　there　and　took　all　the　booty　they　could　lay　hold　of。　There　was　nothing　left　for　the　Englishmen　now；　if　they　would　preserve　their　lives；　but　to　submit　to　King　Harald；　and　thus　he　subdued　the　country　wherever　he　came。　　Then　the　king　proceeded　south　along　the　land；　and　brought　up　at　Hellornes；　where　there　came　a　force　that　had　been　assembled　to　oppose　him；　with　which　he　had　a　battle；　and　gained　the　victory。



87。　OF　HARALD'S　ORDER　OF　BATTLE。

Thereafter　the　king　sailed　to　the　Humber；　and　up　along　the　river；　and　then　he　landed。　　Up　in　Jorvik　were　two　earls；　Earl　Morukare；　and　his　brother；　Earl　Valthiof；　and　they　had　an　immense　army。　　While　the　army　of　the　earls　was　coming　down　from　the　upper　part　of　the　country；　King　Harald　lay　in　the　Usa。　　King　Harald　now　went　on　the　land；　and　drew　up　his　men。　　The　one　arm　of　this　line　stood　at　the　outer　edge　of　the　river；　the　other　turned　up　towards　the　land　along　a　ditch；　and　there　was　also　a　morass；　deep；　broad；　and　full　of　water。　　The　earls　let　their　army　proceed　slowly　down　along　the　river；　with　all　their　troops　in　line。　　The　king's　banner　was　next　the　river；　where　the　line　was　thickest。　　It　was　thinnest　at　the　ditch；　where　also　the　weakest　of　the　men　were。　When　the　earls　advanced　downwards　along　the　ditch；　the　arm　of　the　Northmen's　line　which　was　at　the　ditch　gave　way；　and　the　Englishmen　followed；　thinking　the　Northmen　would　fly。　　The　banner　of　Earl　Morukare　advanced　then　bravely。



88。　THE　BATTLE　AT　THE　HUMBER。

When　King　Harald　saw　that　the　English　array　had　come　to　the　ditch　against　him；　he　ordered　the　charge　to　be　sounded；　and　urged　on　his　men。　　He　ordered　the　banner　which　was　called　the　Land…ravager　to　be　carried　before　him；　and　made　so　severe　an　assault　that　all　had　to　give　way　before　it；　and　there　was　a　great　loss　among　the　men　of　the　earls；　and　they　soon　broke　into　flight；　some　running　up　the　river；　some　down；　and　the　most　leaping　into　the　ditch；　which　was　so　filled　with　dead　that　the　Norsemen　could　go　dry…foot　over　the　fen。　　There　Earl　Morukare　fell。　　So　says　Stein　Herdison：　

　　　　　〃The　gallant　Harald　drove　along；　　　　　　Flying　but　fighting；　the　whole　throng。　　　　　　At　last；　confused；　they　could　not　fight；　　　　　　And　the　whole　body　took　to　flight。　　　　　　Up　from　the　river's　silent　stream　　　　　　At　once　rose　desperate　splash　and　scream；　　　　　　But　they　who　stood　like　men　this　fray　　　　　　Round　Morukare's　body　lay。〃

This　song　was　composed　by　Stein　Herdison　about　Olaf；　son　of　King　Harald；　and　he　speaks　of　Olaf　being　in　this　battle　with　King　Harald；　his　father。　　These　things　are　also　spoken　of　in　the　song　called　〃Harald's　Stave〃：　

　　　　　〃Earl　Valthiof's　men　　　　　　Lay　in　the　fen；　　　　　　By　sword　down　hewed；　　　　　　So　thickly　strewed；　　　　　　That　Norsemen　say　　　　　　They　paved　a　way　　　　　　Across　the　fen　　　　　　For　the　brave　Norsemen。〃

Earl　Valthiof；　and　the　people　who　escaped；　fled　up　to　the　castle　of　York；　and　there　the　greatest　loss　of　men　had　been。　　This　battle　took　place　upon　the　Wednesday　next　Mathias'　day　（A。D。　1066）。



89。　OF　EARL　TOSTE。

Earl　Toste　had　come　from　Flanders　to　King　Harald　as　soon　as　he　arrived　in　England；　and　the　earl　was　present　at　all　these　battles。　　It　happened；　as　he　had　foretold　the　king　at　their　first　meeting；　that　in　England　many　people　would　flock　to　them；　as　being　friends　and　relations　of　Earl　Toste；　and　thus　the　king's　forces　were　much　strengthened。　　After　the　battle　now　told　of；　all　people　in　the　nearest　districts　submitted　to　Harald；　but　some　fled。　　Then　the　king　advanced　to　take　the　castle；　and　laid　his　army　at　Stanforda…bryggiur　（Stamford　Bridge）；　and　as　King　Harald　had　gained　so　great　a　victory　against　so　great　chiefs　and　so　great　an　army；　the　people　were　dismayed；　and　doubted　if　they　could　make　any　opposition。　　The　men　of　the　castle　therefore　determined；　in　a　council；　to　send　a　message　to　King　Harald；　and　deliver　up　the　castle　into　his　power。　　All　this　was　soon　settled；　so　that　on　Sunday　the　king　proceeded　with　the　whole　army　to　the　castle；　and　appointed　a　Thing　of　the　people　without　the　castle；　at　which　the　people　of　the　castle　were　to　be　present。　　At　this　Thing　all　the　people　accepted　the　condition　of　submitting　to　Harald；　and　gave　him；　as　hostages；　the　children　of　the　most　considerable　persons；　for　Earl　Toste　was　well　acquainted　with　all　the　people　of　that　town。　　In　the　evening　the　king　returned　down　to　his　ships；　after　this　victory　achieved　with　his　own　force；　and　was　very　merry。　　A　Thing　was　appointed　within　the　castle　early　on　Monday　morning；　and　then　King　Harald　was　to　name　officers　to　rule　over　the　town；　to　give　out　laws；　and　bestow　fiefs。　　The　same　evening；　after　sunset；　King　Harald　Godwinson　came　from　the　south　to　the　castle　with　a　numerous　army；　and　rode　into　the　city　with　the　good…will　and　consent　of　the　people　of　the　castle。　　All　the　gates　and　walls　were　beset　so　that　the　Northmen　could　receive　no　intelligence；　and　the　army　remained　all　night　in　the　town。



90。　OF　KING　HARALD'S　LANDING。

On　Monday；　when　King　Harald　Sigurdson　had　taken　breakfast；　he　ordered　the　trumpets　to　sound　for　going　on　shore。　　The　army　accordingly　got　ready；　and　he　divided　the　men　into　the　parties　who　should　go；　and　who　should　stay　behind。　　In　every　division　he　allowed　two　men　to　land；　and　one　to　remain　behind。　　Earl　Toste　and　his　retinue　prepared　to　land　with　King　Harald；　and；　for　watching　the　ships；　remained　behind　the　king's　son　Olaf；　the　earls　of　Orkney；　Paul　and　Erlend；　and　also　Eystein　Orre；　a　son　of　Thorberg　Arnason；　who　was　the　most　able　and　best　beloved　by　the　king　of　all　the　lendermen；　and　to　whom　the　king　had　promised　his　daughter　Maria。　　The　weather　was　uncommonly　fine；　and　it　was　hot　sunshine。　　The　men　therefore　laid　aside　their　armour；　and　went　on　the　land　only　with　their　shields；　helmets　and　spears；　and　girt　with　swords；　and　many　had　also　arrows　and　bows；　and　all　were　very　merry。　　Now　as　they　came　near　the　castle　a　great　army　seemed　coming　against　them；　and　they　saw　a　cloud　of　dust　as　from　horses'　feet；　and　under　it　shining　shields　and　bright　armour。　　The　king　halted　his　people；　and　called　to　him　Earl　Toste；　and　asked　him　what　army　this　could　be。　　The　earl　replied　that　he　thought　it　most　likely　to　be　a　hostle　army；　but　possibly　it　might　be　some　of　his　relations　who　were　seeking　for　mercy　and　friendship；　in　order　to　obtain　certain　peace　and　safety　from　the　king。　　Then　the　king　said；　〃We　must　all　halt；　to　discover　what　kind　of　a　force　this　is。〃　　They　did　so；　and　the　nearer　this　force　came　the　greater　it　appeared；　and　their　shining　arms　were　to　the　sight　like　glancing　ice。



91。　OF　EARL　TOSTE'S　COUNSEL。

Then　said　King