heimskringla-第116章
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o the strand。
Olaf Haraldson had not gone on land with the others； and when he heard of his father's fall he made ready to sail away with the men who remained。
99。 OF WILLIAM THE BASTARD。
When the Earl of Rouen； William the Bastard； heard of his relation； King Edward's； death； and also that Harald Godwinson was chosen； crowned； and consecrated king of England； it appeared to him that he had a better right to the kingdom of England than Harald； by reason of the relationship between him and King Edward。 He thought； also； that he had grounds for avenging the affront that Harald had put upon him with respect to his daughter。 From all these grounds William gathered together a great army in Normandy； and had many men； and sufficient transport…shipping。 The day that he rode out of the castle to his ships； and had mounted his horse； his wife came to him； and wanted to speak with him； but when he saw her he struck at her with his heel； and set his spurs so deep into her breast that she fell down dead； and the earl rode on to his ships； and went with his ships over to England。 His brother； Archbishop Otto； was with him； and when the earl came to England he began to plunder； and take possession of the land as he came along。 Earl William was stouter and stronger than other men； a great horseman and warrior； but somewhat stern； and a very sensible man； but not considered a man to be relied on。
100。 FALL OF KING HARALD GODWINSON。
King Harald Godwinson gave King Harald Sigurdson's son Olaf leave to go away； with the men who had followed him and had not fallen in battle； but he himself turned round with his army to go south； for he had heard that William the Bastard was overwhelming the south of England with a vast army； and was subduing the country for himself。 With King Harald went his brothers Svein and Gyrd； and Earl Valthiof。 King Harald and Earl William met each other south in England at Helsingja…port （Hastings）。 There was a great battle in which King Harald and his brother Earl Gyrd and a great part of his men fell。 This was the nineteenth day after the fall of King Harald Sigurdson。 Harald's brother； Earl Valthiof； escaped by flight； and towards evening fell in with a division of William's people； consisting of 100 men； and when they saw Earl Valthiof's troop they fled to a wood。 Earl Valthiof set fire to the wood； and they were all burnt。 So says Thorkel Skallason in Valthiof's ballad：
〃Earl Valthiof the brave His foes a warming gave： Within the blazing grove A hundred men he drove。 The wolf will soon return； And the witch's horse will burn Her sharp claws in the ash； To taste the Frenchman's flesh。〃
101。 EARL VALTHIOF'S DEATH。
William was proclaimed king of England。 He sent a message to Earl Valthiof that they should be reconciled； and gave him assurance of safety to come to the place of meeting。 The earl set out with a few men； but when he came to a heath north of Kastala…bryggia； there met him two officers of King William； with many followers； who took him prisoner； put him in fetters； and afterwards he was beheaded； and the English call him a saint。 Thorkel tells of this：
〃William came o'er the sea； With bloody sword came he： Cold heart and bloody hand Now rule the English land。 Earl Valthiof he slew； Valthiof the brave and true。 Cold heart and bloody hand Now rule the English land。〃
William was after this king of England for twenty…one years； and his descendants have been so ever since。
102。 OF OLAF HARALDSON'S EXPEDITION TO NORWAY。
Olaf； the son of King Harald Sigurdson； sailed with his fleet from England from Hrafnseyr； and came in autumn to the Orkney Isles； where the event had happened that Maria； a daughter of Harald Sigurdson； died a sudden death the very day and hour her father； King Harald； fell。 Olaf remained there all winter； but the summer after he proceeded east to Norway； where he was proclaimed king along with his brother Magnus。 Queen Ellisif came from the West； along with her stepson Olaf and her daughter Ingegerd。 There came also with Olaf over the West sea Skule； a son of Earl Toste； and who since has been called the king's foster…son； and his brother Ketil Krok。 Both were gallant men； of high family in England； and both were very intelligent； and the brothers were much beloved by King Olaf。 Ketil Krok went north to Halogaland； where King Olaf procured him a good marriage； and from him are descended many great people。 Skule； the king's foster…son； was a very clever man； and the handsomest man that could be seen。 He was the commander of King Olaf's court…men； spoke at the Things （1） and took part in all the country affairs with the king。 The king offered to give Skule whatever district in Norway he liked； with all the income and duties that belonged to the king in it。 Skule thanked him very much for the offer； but said he would rather have something else from him。 〃For if there came a shift of kings；〃 said he； 〃the gift might come to nothing。 I would rather take some properties lying near to the merchant towns； where you； sire； usually take up your abode； and then I would enjoy your Yule…feasts。〃 The king agreed to this； and conferred on him lands eastward at Konungahella； Oslo； Tunsberg； Sarpsborg； Bergen； and north at Nidaros。 These were nearly the best properties at each place； and have since descended to the family branches which came from Skule。 King Olaf gave Skule his female relative； Gudrun； the daughter of Nefstein； in marriage。 Her mother was Ingerid； a daughter of Sigurd Syr and Asta； King Olaf the Saint's mother。 Ingerid was a sister of King Olaf the Saint and of King Harald。 Skule and Gudrun's son was Asolf of Reine； who married Thora； a daughter of Skopte Ogmundson； Asolf's and Thora's son was Guthorm of Reine； father of Bard； and grandfather of King Inge and of Duke Skule。
ENDNOTES： （1） Another instance of the old Norse or Icelandic tongue having been generally known in a part of England。
103。 OF KING HARALD SIGURDSON。
One year after King Harald's fall his body was transported from England north to Nidaros； and was buried in Mary church； which he had built。 It was a common observation that King Harald distinguished himself above all other men by wisdom and resources of mind； whether he had to take a resolution suddenly for himself and others； or after long deliberation。 He was； also； above all other men； bold； brave； and lucky； until his dying day； as above related； and bravery is half victory。 So says Thiodolf：
〃Harald； who till his dying day Came off the best in many a fray； Had one good rule in battle…plain； In Seeland and elsewhere； to gain That； be his foes' strength more or less； Courage is always half success。〃
King Herald was a handsome man； of noble appearance； his hair and beard yellow。 He had a short beard； and long mustaches。 The one eyebrow was somewhat higher than the other。 He had large hands （1） and feet； but these were well made。 His height was five ells。 He was stern and severe to his enemies； and avenged cruelly all opposition or misdeed。 So says Thiodolf：
〃Severe alike to friends or foes； Who dared his royal will oppose； Severe in discipline to hold His men…at…arms wild and bold； Severe the bondes to repress； Severe to punish all excess； Severe was Harald but we call That just which was alike to all。〃
King Harald was most greedy of power； and of all distinction and honour。 He was bountiful to the friends who suited him。 So says Thiodolf：
〃I got from him； in sea…fight strong； A mark of gold for my ship…song。 Merit in any way He generously would pay。〃
King Harald was fifty years old when he fell。 We have no particular account of his youth before he was fifteen years old； when he was with his brother； King Olaf； at the battle of Stiklestad。 He lived thirty…five years after that； and in all that time was never free from care and war。 King Harald never fled from battle； but often tried cunning ways to escape when he had to do with great superiority of forces。 All the men who followed King Harald in battle or skirmish said that when he stood in great danger； or anything came suddenly upon him； he always took that course which all afterwards saw gave the best hope of a fortunate issue。
ENDNOTES： （1） It is a singular physical circumstance； that in almost all the swords of those ages to be found in the collection of weapons in the Antiquarian Museum at Copenhagen； the handles indicate a size of hand very much smaller than the hands of modern people of any class or rank。 No modern dandy； with the most delicate hands； would find room for his hand to grasp or wield with case some of the swords of these Northmen。 L。
104。 KING HARALD AND KING OLAF COMPARED。
When Haldor； a son of Brynjolf Ulfalde the Old； who was a sensible man and a great chief； heard people talk of how unlike the brothers Saint Olaf and King Harald were in disposition； he used to say； 〃I was in great friendship with both the brothers； and I knew intimately the dispositions of both； and never did I know two men more like in disposition。 Both were of the highest understanding； and bold in arms； and greedy of power and property； of great courage； but not acquainted with the way of winning the favour of the people； zealous in governing； and severe in their revenge。 King Olaf forced the people into Christianity and good customs； and punished cruelly those who disobeyed。 This just and rightful severity the chiefs of the country could not bear； but raised an army against him； and killed him in his own kingdom； and therefore he is held to be a saint。 King Harald； again； marauded to obtain glory and power； forced all the people he could under his power； and died in another king's dominions。 Both brothers； in daily life； were of a worthy and considerate manner of living； they were of great experience； and very laborious； and were known and celebrated far and wide for these qualities。〃
105。 KING MAGNUS'S DEATH。
King Magnus Haraldson ruled over Norway the first winter after King Harald's death （A。D。 1067）； and afterwards two years （A。D。 1068…1069） along with his brother； King Olaf。 Thus there were two kings of Norway at that time； and Magnus had the northern and Olaf the eastern part of the country。 King Magnus had a son called Hakon； who was fostered by Thorer of Steig in Gudbrandsdal； who was a brother of King Magnus by the mother's side； and Hakon was a most agreeable man。
After King Harald Sigurdson's death the Danish king Svein let it be known that the peace between the Northmen and the Danes was at an end； and insisted that the league between Harald and Svein was not for longer time than their lives。 There was a levy in both kingdoms。 Harald's sons called out the whole people in Norway for procuring men and ships； and Svein set out from the south with the Danish army。 Messengers then went between with proposals for a peace； and the Northmen said they would either have the same league as was concluded between King Harald and Svein； or otherwise give battle instantl
