a journey in other worlds-第29章

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party's　practising　engineer；　pressed　the　button；　and　the
explosion　did　the　rest。　　They　found　that　the　ground　was　frozen　to
a　depth　of　but　little　more　than　a　foot；　below　which　it　became
perceptibly　warm。　　Plying　their　shovels　vigorously；　they　had　soon
dug　the　hole　so　deep　that　its　edges　were　above　their　heads。　　When
the　floor　was　ten　feet　below　the　surrounding　level　the
thermometer　registered　sixty。
　　　
〃This　is　scarcely　a　fair　test；〃　said　Cortlandt；　〃since　the　heat
rises　and　is　lost　as　fast　as　given　off。　　Let　us　therefore　close
the　opening　and　see　in　what　time　it　will　melt　a　number　of　cubic
feet　of　ice。〃
　　　
Accordingly　they　climbed　out；　threw　in　about　a　cart…load　of　ice；
and　covered　the　opening　with　two　of　the　Callisto's　thick　rugs。　
In　half　an　hour　all　the　ice　had　melted；　and　in　another　half　hour
the　water　was　hot。
　　　
〃No　arctic　expedition　need　freeze　to　death　here；〃　said
Bearwarden；　〃since　all　a　man　would　have　to　do　would　be　to　burrow
a　few　feet　to　be　as　warm　as　toast。〃
　　　
As　the　island　on　which　they　had　landed　was　at　one　side　of　the
archipelago；　but　was　itself　at　the　exact　pole；　it　followed　that
the　centre　of　the　archipelago　was　not　the　part　farthest　north。　
This　in　a　measure　accounted　for　the　slight　thickness　of　ice　and
snow；　for　the　isobaric　lines　would　slope；　and　consequently　what
wind　there　was　would　flow　towards　the　interior　of　the
archipelago；　whose　surface　was　colder　than　the　surrounding　ocean。　
The　moist　air；　however；　coming　almost　entirely　from　the　south；
would　lose　most　of　its　moisture　by　condensation　in　passing　over
the　ice…laden　land；　and　so；　like　the　clouds　over　the　region　east
of　the　Andes；　would　have　but　little　left　to　let　fall　on　this
extreme　northern　part。　　The　blanketing　effect　of　a　great
thickness　of　snow　would　also　cause；　the　lower　strata　of　ice　to
melt；　by　keeping　in　the　heat　constantly　given　off　by　the　warm
planet。

〃I　think　there　can　be　no　question；〃　said　Cortlandt；　〃that；　as　a
result　of　Jupiter's　great　flattening　at　the　poles　and　the　drawing
of　the　crust；　which　moves　faster　in　Jupiter's　rotation　than　any
other　part；　towards　the　equator；　the　crust　must　be　particularly
thin　here；　for；　were　it　as　thin　all　over；　there　would　be　no　space
for　the　coal…beds；　which；　judging　from　the　purity　of　the
atmosphere；　must　be　very　extensive。　　Further；　we　can　recall　that
the　water　in　the　hot　spring　near　which　we　alighted；　which
evidently　came　from　a　far　greater　depth　than　we　have　here；　was
not　as　hot　as　this。　　The　conclusion　is　clear　that　elsewhere　the
internal　heat　is　not　as　near　the　surface　as　here。〃

〃The　more　I　see　of　Jupiter；〃　exclaimed　Bearwarden
enthusiastically；　〃the　more　charmed　I　become。　　It　almost　exactly
supplies　what　I　have　been　conjuring　up　as　my　idea　of　a　perfect
planet。　　Its　compensations　of　high　land　near　the　equator；　and　low
with　effective　internal　heat　at　the　poles；　are　ideal。　The　gradual
slope　of　its　continental　elevations；　on　account　of　their　extent；
will　ease　the　work　of　operating　railways；　and　the　atmosphere's
density　will　be　just　the　thing　for　our　flying　machines；　while
Nature　has　supplied　all　sources　of　power　so　lavishly　that　no
undertaking　will　be　too　great。　　Though　land　as　yet；　to　judge　by
our　photographs；　occupies　only　about　one　eighth　of　the　surface；
we　know；　from　the　experience　of　the　other　planets；　that　this　is
bound　to　increase；　so　that；　if　the　human　race　can　perpetuate
itself　on　Jupiter　long　enough；　it　will　undoubtedly　have　one
fourth　or　a　larger　proportion　for　occupation；　though　the　land
already　upheaved　comprises　fully　forty　times　the　area　of　our
entire　globe；　which；　as　we　know；　is　still　three…fourths　water。〃
　
〃Since　we　have　reached　what　we　might　call　the　end　of　Jupiter；　and
still　have　time；　continued　Ayrault；　〃let　us　proceed　to　Saturn；
where　we　may　find　even　stranger　things　than　here。　　I　hoped　we
could　investigate　the　great　red　spot；　but　am　convinced　we　have
seen　the　beginning　of　one　in　Twentieth　Century　Archipelago；　and
what；　under　favourable　conditions；　will　be　recognized　as　such　on
earth。〃
　　　
It　was　just　six　terrestrial　weeks　since　they　had　set　out；　and
therefore　February　2d　on　earth。
　　　
〃It　would　be　best；　in　any　case；　to　start　from　Jupiter's　equator；〃
said　Cortlandt；　〃for　the　straight　line　we　should　make　from　the
surface　here　would　be　at　right　angles　to　Saturn。　　We　shall
probably；　in　spite　of　ourselves；　swing　a　few　degrees　beyond　the
line；　and　so　can　get　a　bird's…eye　view　of　some　portion　of　the
southern　hemisphere。〃
　　　
〃All　aboard　for　Saturn！〃　cried　Bearwarden　enthusiastically；　in
his　jovial　way。　　〃This　will　be　a　journey。〃



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　CHAPTER　XIV。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　THE　SCENE　SHIFTS。

Having　returned　the　rugs　to　the　Callisto；　they　applied　the
maximum　power　of　the　batteries　to　rising；　closed　all　openings
when　the　barometer　registered　thirty；　and　moved　off　into　space。　
When　Several　thousand　miles　above　the　pole；　they　diverted　part　of
the　power　to　attracting　the　nearest　moon　that　was　in　the　plane　of
Jupiter's　equator；　and　by　the　time　their　upward　motion　had　ceased
were　moving　well　in　its　direction。　　Their　rapid　motion　aided　the
work　of　resisting　gravity；　since　their　car　had　in　fact　become　a
small　moon；　revolving；　like　those　of　Uranus　or　that　of　Neptune；
in　an　orbit　varying　greatly　from　the　plane　of　the　ecliptic。　　As
they　flew　south　at　a　height　ranging　from　two　thousand　to　three
thousand　miles；　the　planet　revolved　before　them；　and　they　had　a
chance　of　obtaining　a　thorough　view。　　There　were　but　a　few
scattered　islands　on　the　side　of　the　Northern　hemisphere　opposite
to　that　over　which　they　had　reached　the　pole；　and　in　the　varying
colours　of　the　water；　which　they　attributed　to　temperature　or　to
some　substance　in　solution；　they　recognized　what　they　had　always
heard　described　on　earth　as　the　bands　of　Jupiter；　encircling　the
planet　with　great　belts；　the　colour　varying　with　the　latitude。　
At　about　latitude　forty…five　these　bands　were　purple；　farther
south　light　olive　green；　and　at　the　equator　a　brown　orange。　
Shortly　after　they　swung　across　the　equator　the　ocean　again
became　purple；　and　at　the　same　time　a　well…defined　and　very
brilliant　white　spot　came　into　view。　　Its　brightness　showed
slight　variations　in　intensity；　though　its　general　shape　remained
unchanged。　　It　had　another　peculiarity；　in　that　it　possessed　a
fairly　rapid　motion　of　its　own；　as　it　moved　eastward　across　the
surface　of　the　ocean。　　It　exhibited　all　the　phenomena　of　the
storm　they　had　watched　in　crossing　Secretary　Deepwaters　Bay；　but
covered　a　larger　area；　and　was　far　more　violent。　　Their　glasses
showed　them　vast　sheets　of　spray　driven　along　at　tremendous
speed；　while　the　surface　was　milky　white。
　　　
〃This；〃　said　Bearwarden；　picking　up　a　book；　〃solves　to　my　mind
the　mystery　of　the　white　spot　described　by　the　English　writer
Chambers；　in　1889；　as　follows：
　　　
〃'During　the　last　few　years　a　brilliant　white　spot　has　been
visible　on　the　equatorial　border　of　the　great　southern　belt。　　A
curious　fact　in　connection　with　this　spot　is；　that　it　moves　with
a　velocity　of　some　two　hundred　and　sixty　miles　per　hour　greater
than　the　red　spot。　　Denning　obtained　one　hundred　and　sixty…nine
observations　of　this　bright　marking　during　the　years　1880…1883；
and　determined　the　period　as　nine　hours；　fifty　minutes；　eight　and
seven　tenths　seconds　（five　and　a　half　minutes　less　than　that　of
the　red　spot）。　　Although　the　latter　is　now　somewhat　faint；　the
white　spot　gives　promise　of　remaining　visible　for　many　years。　
During　the　year　1886　a　large　number　of　observations　of　Jupiter
were　made　at　the　Dearborn　Observatory；　Chicago；　U。　S。；　by　Prof。
G。　W。　Hough；　using　the　eighteen…and…a…half…inch　refractor　of　the
observatory。　　Inasmuch　as　these　observations　are　not　only　of　high
intrinsic　interest；　but　are　in　conflict；　to　some　extent；　with
previous　records；　a　somewhat　full　abstract　of　them　will　be
useful：　　The　object　of　general　interest　was　the　great　red　spot。　
The　outline；　shape；　and　size　of　this　remarkable　object　has
remained　without　material　change　from　the　year　1879；　when　it　　was
first　observed　here；　until　the　present　time。　　According　to　our
observations；　during　the　whole　of　this　period　it　has　shown　a
sharp　and　well…defined　outline；　and　at　no　time　has　it　coalesced
or　been　joined　to　any　belt　in　its　proximity；　as　has　been　alleged
by　some　observers。　　During　the　year　1885　the　middle　of　the　spot
was　very　much　paler　in　colour　than　the　margins；　causing　it　to
appear　as　an　elliptical　ring。　　The　ring　form　has　continued　up　to
the　present　time。　　While　the　outline　of　the　spot　has　remained
very　constant；　the　colour　has　changed　materially　from　year　to
year。　　During　the　past　three　years　（1884…　'86）　it　has　at　times
been　very　faint；　so　as　barely　to　be　visible。　　The　persistence　of
this　object　for　so　many　years　leads　me　to　infer　that　the　formerly
accepted　theory；　that　the　phenomena　seen　on　the　surface　of　the
planet　are　atmospheric；　is　no　longer　tenable。　　The　statement　so
often　made　in　text…books；　that　in　the　course　of　a　few　days　or
months　the　whole　aspect　of　the　planet　may　be　changed；　is
obviously　erroneous。　　The　oval　white　spots　on　the　southern
hemisphere　of　the　planet；　nine　degrees　south　of　the　equator；　have
been　systematically　observed　at　every　opposition　during　the　past
eight　years。　　They　are　generally　found　in　groups　of　three　or
more；　but　are　rather　difficult　to　observe。　　The　rotation　period
deduced　from　them　is　nearly　the　same　as　from　the　great　red　spot。　
These　spots　usually　have　a　slow　drift　in　longitude　of　about　five
seconds　daily　in　the　direction　of　the　planet's　rotation；　when
referred　to　the　great　red　spot；　corresponding　to　a　rotation
period　of　twenty　seconds　less　than　the　latter。'
　　　
〃This　shows；〃　continued　Bearwarden；　〃that　as　long　ago　as　towards
the　close　of　the　nineteenth　century　the　old　idea　that　we　saw
nothing　but　the　clouds　in　Jupiter's　atmosphere　was　beginning　to
change；　and　also　how　closely　the　two　English　writers　and　Prof。
Hough　were　studying　the　subject；　though　their　views　did　not
entirely　agree。　　A　white　spot　is　merely　a　storm…centre　passing
round　and　round　the　planet；　the　wind　running　a　little　ahead　of
the　surface；　which　accounts　for　its　rapid　rotation　compared　with
the　red　spot；　which　is　a　fixture。　　A　critic　may　say　we　have　no
such　winds　on　earth；　to　which　I　reply；　that　winds　on　a　planet　of
Jupiter's　size；　with　its　rate　of　rotationthough　it　is
480；000；000　miles　from　the　sun　and　the　internal　heat　is　so　near
the　surfaceand　with　land　and　water　arranged　as　they　are；　may
and　indeed　must　be　very　different　from　those　prevailing　on　earth；
the　conditions　producing　and　affecting　them　being　so　changed。　
Though　the　storm…centre　moves　two　hundred　and　sixty　miles　an
hour；　the　wind　need　not　blow　at　that　rate。〃
　　　
Later　they　saw　several　smaller　spots　drifting　eastward；　but
concluded　that　any　seaworthy　ship　might　pass　safely　through　them；
for；　though　they　were　hurricanes　of　great　violence；　the　waves
were　small。
　　　
〃There　would　be　less　danger；〃　said　Bearwarden；　〃of　shipping　seas
here　than　there　is　on　earth；　the　principal　risk　to　travellers
would　be　that　of　being　blown　from　the　deck。　　On　account　of　the
air's　weight　in　connection　with　its　velocity；　this　would
necessita