memoir of the proposed territory of arizona-第7章

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supplies。　The　Territory　presents　no　difficulties　of　importance　to
the　successful　establishment　of　the　road。　Frequent　stations　and
PROPER　PROTECTION　ARE　ONLY　REQUISITE　TO　ENSURE　SUCCESS　AS
COMPLETELY　AS　THE　MOST　SANGUINE　ANTICIPATE。　Should　Sonora；　or
even　a　portion　of　it　be　organized；　this　will　be　one　of　the　most
pleasant　localities　of　our　country。　A　delightful　climate；　plenty
of　fine　fruit；　facility　of　supply　by　a　port　on　the　Pacific；
semi…weekly　mails　from　the　east　and　west；are　only　some　of　the
attractions　which　it　would　possess。

Sonora　is　quiet。　Many　of　the　wealthy　men　there　are　in　favor　of
annexation；　it　is　said；　but　they　have　to　keep　silent　on　the
subject　for　fear　of　noisy　patriots；　who　would　proclaim　them
traitors　at　once；　if　they　made　a　parade　of　their　inclinations。
The　San　Antonio　and　San　Deigo　mail　passes　through　Tueson　once　a
fortnight；　and　seems　to　have　met　with　no　important　obstacle　yet。
A　drove　of　mules　accompanies　it；　which　are　harnessed　in　turn。
When　regular　stations　are　established　its　speed　will　be　much
increased。　My　last　letter　was　not　written　with　a　view　of　the　use
being　made　of　it　you　mentioned；　yet　if　it　answers　a　good　purpose；
I　have　no　objection。　It　was　but　a　careless　note；　but　its　contents
were　truths；　nevertheless。〃　（This　note　demonstrated　the　facility
of　supply　for　the　Territory　from　the　Pacific。）
　　〃Most　truly　your　friend；
　　（Signed；）　E。　H。　Fitzgerald。〃


Tubac；　Gadsden's　Purchase；　22d　Oct。；　1857。

〃We　have　of　late　been　seriously　annoyed　by　the　Apaches。　Nearly
all　the　animals　belonging　to　the　citizens　residing　around　Fort
Buchanan　have　been　driven　off　by　the　Apaches。　They　are　very
impudent；　and　commit　their　depredations　in　broad　day…light；　talk
to　the　people　while　they　are　driving　off　the　animals；　and　always
escape　without　being　molested。

The　other　day　they　came　within　800　yards　of　the　Fort　and　looked
down　upon　it。

In　order　to　bring　them　to　terms　the　Government　ought　to　enlist
1000　Pinos　and　Papagos　to　accompany　the　military。　Indians　are　the
only　persons　who　can　successfully　traverse　these　mountains　and
hunt　up　their　hiding　places。　If　this　is　not　done；　they　will
surely　break　up　our　settlements　here。　Forts　ought　to　be
established　in　the　very　heart　of　the　Apache　country；　in　the
places　fit；　and　used　by　them　for　cultivation。　If　this　is　done　we
will　soon　bring　them　to　terms。

Until　now；　our　mining　establishments　have　not　been　molested　by
them；　and　we　are　going　on　in　high　glee。　This　is　undoubtedly　the
richest　silver　mining　country　in　the　world。　If　the　United　States
will　make　just　and　liberal　laws　for　us；　give　us　protection；
remove　those　trifling　and　unprofitable　custom　houses　on　the
frontier；　at　least　for　5　or　6　years；　procure　us　a　transit　through
Sonora　to　Guaymas；　and　hasten　along　the　rail…road　to　California；
this　will　indeed　be　a　prosperous　country；　and　will　astonish　the
world　with　its　production　of　silver　and　copper。　But　with　such
terrible　obstacles　as　those　mentioned　above　and　the　great　length
of　transit　to　transport　goods　over　the　roads　which　we　have　to
take　at　present；　progress　only　is　possible　for　such　as　find　mines
of　the　extraordinary　and　incredible　richness　of　the　Heintzelman
vein。　If　the　present　promises　of　few　of　these　mines　are　realized；
by　working　them　on　a　scale　commensurate　with　their　extent　and
richness；　I　have　no　doubt　but　that　they　will　equal　in　production
the　whole　silver　exports　of　Mexico。

I　think　an　appropriation　ought　to　be　made　to　sink　artesian　wells
through　the　Papagos　country；　between　San　Xavier　and　the　lower
Gila。　This　route　cuts　off　about　100　miles　from　the　best　route　via
the　Pinos　villages。　It　is　laid　down　on　my　map；　as　a　rail…road
route；　now　at　the　office　of　the　Sonora　Exploring　and　Mining
Company；　at　Cincinnati；　Ohio。

The　country　consists　of　a　succession　of　plains　and　isolated
mountain　ridges；　none　of　which　need　to　be　crossed。　In　fact　it　is
a　dead　level　to　Fort　Yuma；　and；　in　consequence；　no　grading　is
necessary。　There　is　scarcity　of　water；　but　the　soil　in　general　is
excellent　and　grass　abounds　all　along　the　line；　while　the
mountains　teem　with　minerals　of　the　richest　description。　The
oxides　and　the　sulphurets　of　copper　are　the　most　beautiful　and
richest　in　the　world。　Silver　undoubtedly　exists　of　equal
richness。

All　the　foothills　contain　gold；　but　I　hardly　think　it　will　be
extracted　by　the　whites；　as　the　localities　are　devoid　of　water；
and　they　are　not　probably　rich　enough　to　pay　without　sluicing　on
an　extensive　scale。〃

I　am；　sir；　very　respectfully；　your　most　obedient　servant；
　Herman　Ehrenberg。

　To　Lieut。　S。　Mowry；　U。　S。　A。；
　Delegate　elect　from　Arizona；
　Washington；　D。　C。


The　only　comment　the　writer　has　to　make　upon　these　statements　is；
that　two　years'　residence　among　and　acquaintance　with　the　people
of　Arizona；　has　convinced　him　of　their　absolute　truth。　At　the
last　session　of　Congress　a　petition　was　presented；　praying　for　a
separate　Territorial　organization。　The　necessity　for　some
legislation　was　admitted　by　both　Senate　and　House；　and　bills
creating　a　separate　judicial　district　and　land　offices；　passed
both　Houses；　but　owing　to　some　minor　differences　and　the　lateness
of　the　session；　the　bills　failed　to　become　a　law。

With　an　increased　population　and　prolonged　grievances；　the　people
of　Arizona　are　again　about　to　present　themselves　as　supplicants
for　that　right　inherent　in　the　American　heartthe　right　of　self
governmentand　of　protection　under　the　law。　Their　petition　sets
forth　in　brief；　plain　terms；　their　situation　and　necessities；　and
prays　simply　for　a　separation　from　New　Mexico　and　a　Territorial
organization　under　the　name　of　Arizona。　As　a　matter　of　necessity
for　the　successful　carriage　of　the　mail　across　the　country；　this
Territorial　organization　is　imperative。　No　contract　for　labor　or
supplies　can　be　enforced　in　the　present　condition　of　the　country。
Courts　of　law　must　be　established；　with　officers　to　enforce　their
mandates；　or　the　contractors　will　be　utterly　unable　to　carry　out
their　contract。

The　great　necessity　of　a　safe　and　speedy　overland　communication
with　the　Pacific；　has　directed　public　attention　to　the
organization　of　Arizona　as　a　separate　Territory；　and　the　desired
legislation　has　received　the　unanimous　endorsement　of　the　press
of　the　whole　country。　Petitions　with　thousands　of　signatures　from
leading　citizens　of　the　majority　of　the　states　of　the　Union；　will
be　presented　to　Congress　asking　for　the　immediate　organization　of
the　new　Territory　as　the　best　means　to　at　once　open　a　highway　to
the　Pacific；　and　so　important　has　this　view　of　the　question　been
deemed　as　to　call　from　the　President　of　the　United　States　a
recommendation　in　his　message　to　Congress。　No　opposition　has　been
made　to　the　most　just　prayer　of　the　people　of　Arizona；　and　it　is
believed　that　none　will　be　made；　unless　it　comes　from　New　Mexico。
It　must　be　born　in　mind　that　the　Gadsden　Purchase　was　not
originally　an　integral　part　of　New　Mexico；　that　it　was　acquired
years　after　the　treaty　of　Gaudaloupe　Hidalgo；　and　was　only
attached　to　the　territory　of　New　Mexico　as　a　temporary　expedient。
It　must　also　be　remembered　that　the　Gadsden　Purchase；　with　the
portion　of　New　Mexico　which　it　is　proposed　to　include　within　the
limits　of　the　territory　of　Arizona；　is　separated　from　New　Mexico
proper　by　natural　boundries；　that　it　derives　no　benefit　from　the
present　connection；　and　that　any　opposition　to　the　desired
legislation　arises　from　the　Mexican　population；　which　fears　the
influence　of　a　large　American　emigration。　Moreover；　that　New
Mexico　contains　upwards　of　200；000　square　miles；　and　that　its
organic　act　provides　for　its　partition；　showing　clearly　that
Congress　anticipated；　at　no　remote　day；　the　settlement　of　the
country　by　an　American　population；　and　its　erection　into　several
territories　and　states。　The　only　effect　of　the　present　connection
of　Arizona　with　New　Mexico　is　to　crush　out　the　voice　and
sentiment　of　the　American　people　in　the　territory；　and　years　of
emigration；　under　present　auspices；　would　not　serve　to
counterbalance　or　equal　the　influence　of　the　60；000　Mexican
residents　of　New　Mexico。　New　Mexico　has　never　encouraged　American
population。　She　is　thoroughly　Mexican　in　sentiment；　and　desires
to　remain　so。

As　a　matter　of　State　policy；　the　organization　of　Arizona　is　of
the　first　importance。　Situated　between　New　Mexico　and　Sonora；　it
is　possible　now　to　make　it　a　thoroughly　American　State；　which
will　constantly　exert　its　influence　in　both　directions；　to
nationalize　the　other　two。　New　Mexico　is　at　present　thoroughly
Mexican　in　its　character　and　vote。　Sonora；　if　we　acquire　it　at
once；　will　be　the　same。　By　separating　Arizona　from　it；　and
encouraging　an　American　emigration；　it　will　become　〃the　leaven
which　shall　leaven　the　whole　lump。〃　By　allowing　it　to　remain
attached　to　New　Mexico；　or　by　attaching　it　to　Sonora　when
acquired；　the　American　influence　will　be　swallowed　up　in　the
great　preponderance　of　the　Mexican　vote。　The　Apache　Indian　is
preparing　Sonora　for　the　rule　of　a　higher　civilization　than　the
Mexican。　In　the　past　half　century；　the　Mexican　element　has
disappeared　from　what　is　now　called　Arizona；　before　the
devastating　career　of　the　Apache。　It　is　every　day　retreating
further　South；　leaving　to　us；　when　it　is　ripe　for　our　possession；
the　territory　without　the　population。

The　incentives　to　emigration　to　Arizona；　in　addition　to　the　charm
which　the　discovery　of　mineral　wealth　carries　to　every　mind；　are
very　great。　The　writer；　in　an　extended　tour　through　the　Southern
States；　found　many　people；　mostly　young　men　of　moderate　means；
ready　and　anxious　to　emigrate。　The　movement　is　still　stronger　in
Southwestern　States；　and　already　many　a　train　of　wagons　is　on　its
way。　It　will　have　no　end　for　years；　for　so　mild　and　healthy　is
the　climate　that　emigration　is　practicable　at　all　seasons。　Snow
never　lies　on　the　soil；　and　frost　is　almost　unknown。　The
contracts　already　authorized　by　Congress　involve　the　expenditure
of　six　millions　of　dollars　in　the　next　six　years；　the　troops　in
the　Territory　will　cost　as　much　more。　Here　is　enough　money　in
hard　sub…treasury　coin；　to　draw　a　large　population；　independent
of　other　considerations。　All　ready　in　many　places　the
enterprising　merchant　exposes　his　stock　of　goods　only　two　months
from　San　Francisco；　but　he　does　it　with　the　prayer　that　the
Apache　may　pass　him　by；　and　too　often　he　sees　his　hard…earned
profits　disappear　before　the　Indian's　successful　foray。

The　establishment　of　a　firm　government　in　Arizona　will　extend　the
protection　of　the　United　States　over　American　citizens　resident
in　the　adjoining　Mexican　provinces。　This　protection　is　most
urgently　demanded。　Englishmen　in　Sonora　enjoy　not　only　perfect
immunity　in　the　pursuit　of　business；　but　also　encouragement。
Americans　are　robbed　openly　by　Mexican　officials；　insulted；
thrown　into　prison；　and　sometimes　put　to　death。　No　redress　is
ever　demanded　or　received。　This　state　of　things　has　so　long
existed　that　the　name　of　American　has　become　a　byword　and　a
reproach　in　northern　Mexico；　and　the　people　of　that　frontier
believe　that　we　have　neither　the　power　nor　the　inclination　to
protect　our　own　citizens。　The　influence　of　a　Territorial
government；　with　the