royalty restored-第43章
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ht with anxiety： all compliments being suspended and all fine speeches withheld the while； nought being heard but the rustle of cards and the chink of gold。
Dainty and luxurious suppers followed； when rare wines flowed； and wit long suppressed found joyous vent。 Here sat Charles beside his beautiful mistress； happy in the enjoyment of the present； careless of the needs of his people； and close beside him my Lord of Buckingham； watchful of his majesty's face； hatching dark plots whilst he turned deft compliments。 There likewise were my Lord Dorset； the easiest and wittiest man living； Sir Charles Sedley； one learned in intrigue； Baptist May； the monarch's favourite； Tom Killigrew who jested on life's follies whilst he enjoyed them； the Countess of Shrewsbury； beautiful and amorous； and Madam Ellen； who was ready to mimic or sing； dance or act； for his majesty's diversion。
And so； whilst a new day stole upon the world without； tapers burned low within the duchess's apartments； and the king； his mistress； and a brave and gallant company ate； drank； and made merry。
CHAPTER XVI。
A storm threatens the kingdom。The Duke of York is touched in his conscience。His interview with Father Simons。The king declares his mind。The Duchess of York becomes a catholic。The circumstances of her death。The Test Act introduced。Agitation of the nation。The Duke of York marries again。Lord Shaftesbury's schemes。The Duke of Monmouth。William of Orange and the Princess Mary。Their marriage and departure from England。
Whilst the surface life of the merry monarch sped onward in its careless course； watchful eyes took heed of potent signs boding storms and strife。 The storm which shook the kingdom to its centre came anon； the strife which dethroned a monarch was reserved for the succeeding reign。 These were not effected by the king's profligacy； indolence； or extravagance； but because of a change in the religious belief of the heir…apparent to the crown。
The cloud； no bigger than a man's hand； which presently spread and overcast the political horizon； was first observed towards the beginning of the year 1669。 The Rev。 J。 S。 Clarke； historiographer to George III。； chaplain to the royal household； and librarian to the Prince Regent； in his 〃Life of James II。； collected out of Memoirs writ of his own hand；〃 tells us that about this time the Duke of York 〃was sensibly touched in his conscience； and began to think seriously of his salvation。〃 Accordingly； the historian states； 〃he sent for one Father Simons； a Jesuit； who had the reputation of a very learned man； to discourse with him upon that subject； and when he came； he told him the good intentions he had of being a catholic； and treated with him concerning his being reconciled to the church。 After much discourse about the matter； the Jesuit very sincerely told him； that unless he would quit the communion of the Church of England； he could not be received into the Catholic Church。 The duke then said he thought it might be done by a dispensation from the pope； alleging the singularity of his case； and the advantage it might bring to the catholic religion in general； and in particular to those of it in England； if he might have such dispensation for outwardly appearing a protestant； at least till he could own himself publicly to be a catholic； with more security to his own person and advantage to them。 But the father insisted that even the pope himself had not the power to grant it； for it was an unalterable doctrine of the Catholic Church； not to do ill that good might follow。 What this Jesuit thus said was afterwards confirmed to the duke by the pope himself； to whom he wrote upon the same subject。 Till this time his royal highness believed （as it is commonly believed； or at least said by the Church of England doctors） that dispensations in any such cases are by the pope easily granted； but Father Simons's words； and the letter of his holiness； made the duke think it high time to use all the endeavours he could； to be at liberty to declare himself； and not to live in so unsafe and so uneasy a condition。
Inasmuch as what immediately followed touches a point of great delicacy and vast importance； the words of the historian； mainly taken from the 〃Stuart Papers；〃 are best given here； 〃His royal highness well…knowing that the king was of the same mind； and that his majesty had opened himself upon it to Lord Arundel of Wardour； Lord Arlington； and Sir Thomas Clifford； took an occasion to discourse with him upon that subject about the same time； and found him resolved as to his being a catholic； and that he intended to have a private meeting with those persons above named at the duke's closet； to advise with them about the ways and methods fit to he taken for advancing the catholic religion in his dominions； being resolved not to live any longer in the constraint he was under。 The meeting was on the 25th of January。 When they were met according to the king's appointment； he declared his mind to them on the matter of religion； and said how uneasy it was to him not to profess the faith he believed； and that he had called them together to have their advice about the ways and methods fittest to be taken for the settling of the catholic religion in his kingdoms； and to consider of the time most proper to declare himself； telling them withal that no time ought to be lost； that he was to expect to meet with many and great difficulties in bringing it about； and that he chose rather to undertake it now； when he and his brother were in their full strength and able to undergo any fatigue； than to delay it till they were grown older and less fit to go through with so great a design。 This he spoke with great earnestness； and even with tears in his eyes； and added； that they were to go about it as wise men and good catholics ought to do。 The consultation lasted long； and the result was； that there was no better way for doing this work than to do it in conjunction with France； and with the assistance of his Most Christian majesty。〃 Accordingly the secret treaty with France was entered into； as already mentioned。
No further movement towards professing the catholic religion was made by the king or his brother for some time。 The tendencies of the latter becoming suspected； his actions were observed with vigilance； when it was noted； that although he attended service as usual with the king； he no longer received the sacrament。 It was also remarked the Duchess of York； whose custom it had been to communicate once a month； soon followed his example。 Her neglect of this duty was considered the more conspicuous as she had been bred a staunch protestant； and ever appeared zealous in her support of that religion。 Moreover； it was noted that； from the beginning of the year 1670； she was wont to defend the catholic faith from such errors as it had been charged withal。
These matters becoming subjects of conversation at court soon reached the ears of Bishop Morley； who had acted as her confessor since her twelfth year； confession being then much practised in the English Church。 Thereon he hastened to her； and spoke at length of the inferences which were drawn from her neglect of receiving the sacrament； in answer to which she pleaded business and ill…health as sufficient excuses。 But he； suspecting other causes； gave her advice； and requested she would send for him in case doubts arose in her mind concerning the faith she professed。 Being now free from all uncertainties； she readily promised compliance with his desire； and added； 〃No priest had ever taken the confidence to speak to her on those matters。〃
The fact that she no longer communicated becoming more noticed as time passed； the king spoke to his brother concerning the omission； when the duke told him she had become a catholic。 Hearing this； Charles requested him to keep her change of faith a secret； which was accordingly done； none being aware of the act but Father Hunt； a Franciscan friar； Lady Cranmer； one of her women of the bedchamber； and Mr。 Dupuy； servant to the duke。 In a paper she drew up relative to her adoption of the catholic religion； preserved in the fifth volume of the 〃Harleian Miscellany；〃 she professes being one of the greatest enemies that faith ever had。 She likewise declares no man or woman had said anything； or used the least persuasion to make her change her religion。 That had been effected； she adds； by a perusal of Dr。 Heylin's 〃History of the Reformation；〃 after which she spoke severally to Dr。 Sheldon； Archbishop of Canterbury and Dr。 Blandford； Bishop of Worcester； who told her 〃there were many things in the Roman Church which it was very much to be wished they had keptas confession； which was no doubt commanded by God； and praying for the dead； which was one of the ancient things in Christianitythat for their parts they did it daily； though they would not own to it。〃
The duchess pondered over what she had read and heard； and being a woman accustomed to judge for herself； and act upon her decisions； she； in the month of August； 1670 became a member of the Catholic Church； in which communion she died seven months later。 For fifteen months previous to her demise she had been suffering from a complication of diseases； with which the medical skill of that day was unable to cope； and these accumulating； in March； 1671； ended her days。 The 〃Stuart Papers〃 furnish an interesting account of her death。 Seeing the hour was at hand which would sever her from all earthly ties； she besought her husband not to leave her whilst life remained。 She likewise requested that in case Dr。 Blandford or any other of the bishops should come to visit her； he would tell them she had become a member of the Catholic Church； but if they insisted on seeing her she was satisfied to admit them； providing they would not distress her by arguments or controversy。
Soon after she had expressed these desires； Bishop Blandford arrived； and begged permission to see her； hearing which the duke went into the drawing…room； where his lordship waited； and delivered the message with which the duchess had charged him。 Thereon the bishop said； 〃he made no doubt but that she would do well since she was fully convinced； and had not changed out of any worldly end。〃 He then went into the room； and having made 〃a short Christian exhortation suitable to the condition she was in；〃 took his departure。 Presently the queen came and sat by the dying woman； with whom she had borne many wrongs in common； and later on； the Franciscan friar being admitted； the duchess 〃received all the last sacraments of the Catholick Church； and dyed with great devotion and resignation。〃
Though no mystery was now made concerning the faith in which she died； the duke； from motives of prudence； continued to preserve the secret of his having embraced the same religion。 He still publicly attended service on Sundays with the king； but continued to absent himself from communion。 At last； the Christmastide of the year 1672 being at hand； his majesty besought Lord Arundel and Sir Thomas （now Lord） Clifford to persuade the duke to take the sacrament with him； 〃and make him sensible of the prejudice it would do to both of them should he forbear so to do； by giving the world so much reason to believe h
