the antiquities of the jews-1-第195章

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might　be　no　dispute　between　them　about　it。

2。　Now　Herod　brought　up　his　sons'　children　with　great　care；　for
Alexander　had　two　sons　by　Glaphyra；　and　Aristobulus　had　three
sons　by　Bernice；　Salome's　daughter；　and　two　daughters；　and　as　his
friends　were　once　with　him；　he　presented　the　children　before
them；　and　deploring　the　hard　fortune　of　his　own　sons；　he　prayed
that　no　such　ill　fortune　would　befall　these　who　were　their
children；　but　that　they　might　improve　in　virtue；　and　obtain　what
they　justly　deserved；　and　might　make　him　amends　for　his　care　of
their　education。　He　also　caused　them　to　be　betrothed　against　they
should　come　to　the　proper　age　of　marriage；　the　elder　of
Alexander's　sons　to　Pheroras's　daughter；　and　Antipater's　daughter
to　Aristobulus's　eldest　son。　He　also　allotted　one　of
Aristobulus's　daughters　to　Antipater's　son；　and　Aristobulus's
other　daughter　to　Herod；　a　son　of　his　own；　who　was　born　to　him　by
the　high　priest's　daughter；　for　it　is　the　ancient　practice　among
us　to　have　many　wives　at　the　same　time。　Now　the　king　made　these
espousals　for　the　children；　out　of　commiseration　of　them　now　they
were　fatherless；　as　endeavoring　to　render　Antipater　kind　to　them
by　these　intermarriages。　But　Antipater　did　not　fail　to　bear　the
same　temper　of　mind　to　his　brothers'　children　which　he　had　borne
to　his　brothers　themselves；　and　his　father's　concern　about　them
provoked　his　indignation　against　them　upon　this　supposal；　that
they　would　become　greater　than　ever　his　brothers　had　been；　while
Archclaus；　a　king；　would　support　his　daughter's　sons；　and
Pheroras；　a　tetrarch；　would　accept　of　one　of　the　daughters　as　a
wife　to　his　son。　What　provoked　him　also　was　this；　that　all　the
multitude　would　so　commiserate　these　fatherless　children；　and　so
hate　him　＇for　making　them　fatherless＇；　that　all　would　come　out；
since　they　were　no　strangers　to　his　vile　disposition　towards　his
brethren。　He　contrived；　therefore；　to　overturn　his　father's
settlements；　as　thinking　it　a　terrible　thing　that　they　should　be
so　related　to　him；　and　be　so　powerful　withal。　So　Herod　yielded　to
him；　and　changed　his　resolution　at　his　entreaty；　and　the
determination　now　was；　that　Antipater　himself　should　marry
Aristobulus's　daughter；　and　Antipater's　son　should　marry
Pheroras's　daughter。　So　the　espousals　for　the　marriages　were
changed　after　this　manner；　even　without　the　king's　real
approbation。

3。　Now　Herod　the　king　had　at　this　time　nine　wives；　one　of　them
Antipater's　mother；　and　another　the　high　priest's　daughter；　by
whom　he　had　a　son　of　his　own　name。　He　had　also　one　who　was　his
brother's　daughter；　and　another　his　sister's　daughter；　which　two
had　no　children。　One　of　his　wives　also　was　of　the　Samaritan
nation；　whose　sons　were　Antipas　and　Archelaus；　and　whose　daughter
was　Olympias；　which　daughter　was　afterward　married　to　Joseph；　the
king's　brother's　son；　but　Archelaus　and　Antipas　were　brought　up
with　a　certain　private　man　at　Rome。　Herod　had　also　to　wife
Cleopatra　of　Jerusalem；　and　by　her　he　had　his　sons　Herod　and
Philip；　which　last　was　also　brought　up　at　Rome。　Pallas　also　was
one　of　his　wives；　which　bare　him　his　son　Phasaelus。　And　besides
these；　he　had　for　his　wives　Phedra　and　E1pis；　by　whom　he　had　his
daughters　Roxana　and　Salome。　As　for　his　elder　daughters　by　the
same　mother　with　Alexander　and　Aristobulus；　and　whom　Pheroras
neglected　to　marry；　he　gave　the　one　in　marriage　to　Antipater；　the
king's　sister's　son；　and　the　other　to　Phasaelus；　his　brother's
son。　And　this　was　the　posterity　of　Herod。

CHAPTER　2。

Concerning　Zamaris；　The　Babylonian　Jew；　Concerning　The　Plots　Laid
By　Antipater　Against　His　Father；　And　Somewhat　About　The
Pharisees。

1。　And　now　it　was　that　Herod；　being　desirous　of　securing　himself
on　the　side　of　the　Trachonites；　resolved　to　build　a　village　as
large　as　a　city　for　the　Jews；　in　the　middle　of　that　country；
which　might　make　his　own　country　difficult　to　be　assaulted；　and
whence　he　might　be　at　hand　to　make　sallies　upon　them；　and　do　them
a　mischief。　Accordingly；　when　he　understood　that　there　was　a　man
that　was　a　Jew　come　out　of　Babylon；　with　five　hundred　horsemen；
all　of　whom　could　shoot　their　arrows　as　they　rode　on　horde…back；
and；　with　a　hundred　of　his　relations；　had　passed　over　Euphrates；
and　now　abode　at　Antioch　by　Daphne　of　Syria；　where　Saturninus；
who　was　then　president；　had　given　them　a　place　for　habitation；
called　Valatha；　he　sent　for　this　man；　with　the　multitude　that
followed　him；　and　promised　to　give　him　land　in　the　toparchy
called　Batanea；　which　country　is　bounded　with　Trachonitis；　as
desirous　to　make　that　his　habitation　a　guard　to　himself。　He　also
engaged　to　let　him　hold　the　country　free　from　tribute；　and　that
they　should　dwell　entirely　without　paying　such　customs　as　used　to
be　paid；　and　gave　it　him　tax…free。

2。　The　Babylonian　was　reduced　by　these　offers　to　come　hither；　so
he　took　possession　of　the　land；　and　built　in　it　fortresses　and　a
village；　and　named　it　Bathyra。　Whereby　this　man　became　a
safeguard　to　the　inhabitants　against　the　Trachonites；　and
preserved　those　Jews　who　came　out　of　Babylon；　to　offer　their
sacrifices　at　Jerusalem；　from　being　hurt　by　the　Trachonite
robbers；　so　that　a　great　number　came　to　him　from　all　those　parts
where　the　ancient　Jewish　laws　were　observed；　and　the　country
became　full　of　people；　by　reason　of　their　universal　freedom　from
taxes。　This　continued　during　the　life　of　Herod；　but　when　Philip；
who　was　＇tetrarch＇　after　him；　took　the　government；　he　made　them
pay　some　small　taxes；　and　that　for　a　little　while　only；　and
Agrippa　the　Great；　and　his　son　of　the　same　name；　although　they
harassed　them　greatly；　yet　would　they　not　take　their　liberty
away。　From　whom；　when　the　Romans　have　now　taken　the　government
into　their　own　hands；　they　still　gave　them　the　privilege　of　their
freedom；　but　oppress　them　entirely　with　the　imposition　of　taxes。
Of　which　matter　I　shall　treat　more　accurately　in　the　progress　of
this　history。　（2）

3。　At　length　Zamaris　the　Babylonian；　to　whom　Herod　had　given　that
country　for　a　possession；　died；　having　lived　virtuously；　and　left
children　of　a　good　character　behind　him；　one　of　whom　was　Jacim；
who　was　famous　for　his　valor；　and　taught　his　Babylonians　how　to
ride　their　horses；　and　a　troop　of　them　were　guards　to　the
forementioned　kings。　And　when　Jacim　was　dead　in　his　old　age；　he
left　a　son；　whose　name　was　Philip；　one　of　great　strength　in　his
hands；　and　in　other　respects　also　more　eminent　for　his　valor　than
any　of　his　contemporaries；　on　which　account　there　was　a
confidence　and　firm　friendship　between　him　and　king　Agrippa。　He
had　also　an　army　which　he　maintained　as　great　as　that　of　a　king；
which　he　exercised　and　led　wheresoever　lie　had　occasion　to　march。

4。　When　the　affairs　of　Herod　were　in　the　condition　I　have
described；　all　the　public　affairs　depended　upon　Antipater；　and
his　power　was　such；　that　he　could　do　good　turns　to　as　many　as　he
pleased；　and　this　by　his　father's　concession；　in　hopes　of　his
good…will　and　fidelity　to　him；　and　this　till　he　ventured　to　use
his　power　still　further；　because　his　wicked　designs　were
concealed　from　his　father；　and　he　made　him　believe　every　thing　he
said。　He　was　also　formidable　to　all；　not　so　much　on　account　of
the　power　and　authority　he　had；　as　for　the　shrewdness　of　his　vile
attempts　beforehand；　but　he　who　principally　cultivated　a
friendship　with　him　was　Pheroras；　who　received　the　like　marks　of
his　friendship；　while　Antipater　had　cunningly　encompassed　him
about　by　a　company　of　women；　whom　he　placed　as　guards　about　him；
for　Pheroras　was　greatly　enslaved　to　his　wife；　and　to　her　mother；
and　to　her　sister；　and　this　notwithstanding　the　hatred　he　bare
them　for　the　indignities　they　had　offered　to　his　virgin
daughters。　Yet　did　he　bear　them；　and　nothing　was　to　he　done
without　the　women；　who　had　got　this　man　into　their　circle；　and
continued　still　to　assist　each　other　in　all　things；　insomuch　that
Antipater　was　entirely　addicted　to　them；　both　by　himself　and　by
his　mother；　for　these　four　women；　（3）　said　all　one　and　the　same
thing；　but　the　opinions　of　Pheroras　and　Antipater　were　different
in　some　points　of　no　consequence。　But　the　king's　sister　＇Salome＇
was　their　antagonist；　who　for　a　good　while　had　looked　about　all
their　affairs；　and　was　apprized　that　this　their　friendship　was
made　in　order　to　do　Herod　some　mischief；　and　was　disposed　to
inform　the　king　of　it。　And　since　these　people　knew　that　their
friendship　was　very　disagreeable　to　Herod；　as　tending　to　do　him　a
mischief；　they　contrived　that　their　meetings　should　not　be
discovered；　so　they　pretended　to　hate　one　another；　and　to　abuse
one　another　when　time　served；　and　especially　when　Herod　was
present；　or　when　any　one　was　there　that　would　tell　him：　but　still
their　intimacy　was　firmer　than　ever；　when　they　were　private。　And
this　was　the　course　they　took。　But　they　could　not　conceal　from
Salome　neither　their　first　contrivance；　when　they　set　about　these
their　intentions；　nor　when　they　had　made　some　progress　in　them；
but　she　searched　out　every　thing；　and；　aggravating　the　relations
to　her　brother；　declared　to　him；　as　well　their　secret　assemblies
and　compotations；　as　their　counsels　taken　in　a　clandestine
manner；　which　if　they　were　not　in　order　to　destroy　him；　they
might　well　enough　have　been　open　and　public。　But　to　appearance
they　are　at　variance；　and　speak　about　one　another　as　if　they
intended　one　another　a　mischief；　but　agree　so　well　together　when
they　are　out　of　the　sight　of　the　multitude；　for　when　they　are
alone　by　themselves；　they　act　in　concert；　and　profess　that　they
will　never　leave　off　their　friendship；　but　will　fight　against
those　from　whom　they　conceal　their　designs。　And　thus　did　she
search　out　these　things；　and　get　a　perfect　knowledge　of　them；　and
then　told　her　brother　of　them；　who　understood　also　of　himself　a
great　deal　of　what　she　said；　but　still　durst　not　depend　upon　it；
because　of　the　suspicions　he　had　of　his　sister's　calumnies。　For
there　was　a　certain　sect　of　men　that　were　Jews；　who　valued
themselves　highly　upon　the　exact　skill　they　had　in　the　law　of
their　fathers；　and　made　men　believe　they　were　highly　favored　by
God；　by　whom　this　set　of　women　were　inveigled。　These　are　those
that　are　called　the　sect　of　the　Pharisees；　who　were　in　a　capacity
of　greatly　opposing　kings。　A　cunning　sect　they　were；　and　soon
elevated　to　a　pitch　of　open　fighting　and　doing　mischief。
Accordingly；　when　all　the　people　of　the　Jews　gave　assurance　of
their　good…will　to　Caesar；　and　to　the　king's　government；　these
very　men　did　not　swear；　being　above　six　thousand；　and　when　the
king　imposed　a　fine　upon　them；　Pheroras's　wife　paid　their　fine
for　them。　In　order　to　requite　which　kindness　of　hers；　since　they
were　believed　to　have　the　foreknowledge　of　things　to　come　by
Divine　inspiration；　they　foretold　how　God　had　decreed　that
Herod's　government　should　cease；　and　his　posterity　should　be
deprived　of　it；　but　that　the　kingdom　should　come　to　her　and
Pheroras；　and　to　their　children。　These　predictions　were　not
concealed　from　Salome；　but　were　told　the　king；　as　also　how　they
had　perverted　some　persons　about　the　palace　itself；　so　the　king
slew　such　of　the　Pharisees　as　were　principally　accused；　and
Bagoas　the　eunuch；　and　one　Carus；　who　exceeded　all　m