the antiquities of the jews-1-第210章

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added　it　to　the　province　of　Syria；　but　gave　order　that　the
tributes　which　arose　from　it　should　be　collected；　and　laid　up　in
his　tetrachy。

CHAPTER　5。

Herod　The　Tetrarch　Makes　War　With　Aretas；　The　King　Of　Arabia；　And
Is　Beaten　By　Him　As　Also　Concerning　The　Death　Of　John　The
Baptist。　How　Vitellius　Went　Up　To　Jerusalem；　Together　With　Some
Account　Of　Agrippa　And　Of　The　Posterity　Of　Herod　The　Great。

1。　About　this　time　Aretas　（the　king　of　Arabia　Petres）　and　Herod
had　a　quarrel　on　the　account　following：　Herod　the　tetrarch　had；
married　the　daughter　of　Aretas；　and　had　lived　with　her　a　great
while；　but　when　he　was　once　at　Rome；　he　lodged　with　Herod；　（15）
who　was　his　brother　indeed；　but　not　by　the　same　mother；　for　this
Herod　was　the　son　of　the　high　priest　Sireoh's　daughter。　However；
he　fell　in　love　with　Herodias；　this　last　Herod's　wife；　who　was
the　daughter　of　Aristobulus　their　brother；　and　the　sister　of
Agrippa　the　Great。　This　man　ventured　to　talk　to　her　about　a
marriage　between　them；　which　address；　when　she　admitted；　an
agreement　was　made　for　her　to　change　her　habitation；　and　come　to
him　as　soon　as　he　should　return　from　Rome：　one　article　of　this
marriage　also　was　this；　that　he　should　divorce　Aretas's　daughter。
So　Antipus；　when　he　had　made　this　agreement；　sailed　to　Rome；　but
when　he　had　done　there　the　business　he　went　about；　and　was
returned　again；　his　wife　having　discovered　the　agreement　he　had
made　with　Herodias；　and　having　learned　it　before　he　had　notice　of
her　knowledge　of　the　whole　design；　she　desired　him　to　send　her　to
Macherus；　which　is　a　place　in　the　borders　of　the　dominions　of
Aretas　and　Herod；　without　informing　him　of　any　of　her　intentions。
Accordingly　Herod　sent　her　thither；　as　thinking　his　wife　had　not
perceived　any　thing；　now　she　had　sent　a　good　while　before　to
Macherus；　which　was　subject　to　her　father　and　so　all　things
necessary　for　her　journey　were　made　ready　for　her　by　the　general
of　Aretas's　army；　and　by　that　means　she　soon　came　into　Arabia；
under　the　conduct　of　the　several　generals；　who　carried　her　from
one　to　another　successively；　and　she　soon　came　to　her　father；　and
told　him　of　Herod's　intentions。　So　Aretas　made　this　the　first
occasion　of　his　enmity　between　him　and　Herod；　who　had　also　some
quarrel　with　him　about　their　limits　at　the　country　of　Gamalitis。
So　they　raised　armies　on　both　sides；　and　prepared　for　war；　and
sent　their　generals　to　fight　instead　of　themselves；　and　when　they
had　joined　battle；　all　Herod's　army　was　destroyed　by　the
treachery　of　some　fugitives；　who；　though　they　were　of　the
tetrarchy　of　Philip；　joined　with　Aretas's　army。。　So　Herod　wrote
about　these　affairs　to　Tiberius；　who　being　very　angry　at　the
attempt　made　by　Aretas；　wrote　to　Vitellius　to　make　war　upon　him；
and　either　to　take　him　alive；　and　bring　him　to　him　in　bonds；　or
to　kill　him；　and　send　him　his　head。　This　was　the　charge　that
Tiberius　gave　to　the　president　of　Syria。

2。　Now　some　of　the　Jews　thought　that　the　destruction　of　Herod's
army　came　from　God；　and　that　very　justly；　as　a　punishment　of　what
he　did　against　John；　that　was　called　the　Baptist：　for　Herod　slew
him；　who　was　a　good　man；　and　commanded　the　Jews　to　exercise
virtue；　both　as　to　righteousness　towards　one　another；　and　piety
towards　God；　and　so　to　come　to　baptism；　for　that　the　washing
＇with　water＇　would　be　acceptable　to　him；　if　they　made　use　of　it；
not　in　order　to　the　putting　away　＇or　the　remission＇　of　some　sins
＇only＇；　but　for　the　purification　of　the　body；　supposing　still
that　the　soul　was　thoroughly　purified　beforehand　by
righteousness。　Now　when　＇many＇　others　came　in　crowds　about　him；
for　they　were　very　greatly　moved　＇or　pleased＇　by　hearing　his
words；　Herod；　who　feared　lest　the　great　influence　John　had　over
the　people　might　put　it　into　his　power　and　inclination　to　raise　a
rebellion；　（for　they　seemed　ready　to　do　any　thing　he　should
advise；）　thought　it　best；　by　putting　him　to　death；　to　prevent　any
mischief　he　might　cause；　and　not　bring　himself　into　difficulties；
by　sparing　a　man　who　might　make　him　repent　of　it　when　it　would　be
too　late。　Accordingly　he　was　sent　a　prisoner；　out　of　Herod's
suspicious　temper；　to　Macherus；　the　castle　I　before　mentioned；
and　was　there　put　to　death。　Now　the　Jews　had　an　opinion　that　the
destruction　of　this　army　was　sent　as　a　punishment　upon　Herod；　and
a　mark　of　God's　displeasure　to　him。

3。　So　Vitellius　prepared　to　make　war　with　Aretas；　having　with　him
two　legions　of　armed　men；　he　also　took　with　him　all　those　of
light　armature；　and　of　the　horsemen　which　belonged　to　them；　and
were　drawn　out　of　those　kingdoms　which　were　under　the　Romans；　and
made　haste　for　Petra；　and　came　to　Ptolemais。　But　as　he　was
marching　very　busily；　and　leading　his　army　through　Judea；　the
principal　men　met　him；　and　desired　that　he　would　not　thus　march
through　their　land；　for　that　the　laws　of　their　country　would　not
permit　them　to　overlook　those　images　which　were　brought　into　it；
of　which　there　were　a　great　many　in　their　ensigns；　so　he　was
persuaded　by　what　they　said；　and　changed　that　resolution　of　his
which　he　had　before　taken　in　this　matter。　Whereupon　he　ordered
the　army　to　march　along
the　great　plain；　while　he　himself；　with　Herod　the　tetrarch　and
his　friends；　went　up　to　Jerusalem　to　offer　sacrifice　to　God；　an
ancient　festival　of　the　Jews　being　then　just　approaching；　and
when　he　had　been　there；　and　been　honorably　entertained　by　the
multitude　of　the　Jews；　he　made　a　stay　there　for　three　days；
within　which　time　he　deprived　Jonathan　of　the　high　priesthood；
and　gave　it　to　his　brother　Theophilus。　But　when　on　the　fourth　day
letters　came　to　him；　which　informed　him　of　the　death　of　Tiberius；
he　obliged　the　multitude　to　take　an　oath　of　fidelity　to　Caius；　he
also　recalled　his　army；　and　made　them　every　one　go　home；　and　take
their　winter　quarters　there；　since；　upon　the　devolution　of　the
empire　upon　Caius；　he　had　not　the　like　authority　of　making　this
war　which　he　had　before。　It　was　also　reported；　that　when　Aretas
heard　of　the　coming　of　Vitellius　to　fight　him；　he　said；　upon　his
consulting　the　diviners；　that　it　was　impossible　that　this　army　of
Vitellius's　could　enter　Petra；　for　that　one　of　the　rulers　would
die；　either　he　that　gave　orders　for　the　war；　or　he　that　was
marching　at　the　other's　desire；　in　order　to　be　subservient　to　his
will；　or　else　he　against　whom　this　army　is　prepared。　So　Vitellius
truly　retired　to　Antioch；　but　Agrippa；　the　son　of　Aristobulus；
went　up　to　Rome；　a　year　before　the　death　of　Tiberius；　in　order　to
treat　of　some　affairs　with　the　emperor；　if　he　might　be　permitted
so　to　do。　I　have　now　a　mind　to　describe　Herod　and　his　family；　how
it　fared　with　them；　partly　because　it　is　suitable　to　this　history
to　speak　of　that　matter；　and　partly　because　this　thing　is　a
demonstration　of　the　interposition　of　Providence；　how　a　multitude
of　children　is　of　no　advantage；　no　more　than　any　other　strength
that　mankind　set　their　hearts　upon；　besides　those　acts　of　piety
which　are　done　towards　God；　for　it　happened；　that；　within　the
revolution　of　a　hundred　years；　the　posterity　of　Herod；　which　were
a　great　many　in　number；　were；　excepting　a　few；　utterly　destroyed。
（16）　One　may　well　apply　this　for　the　instruction　of　mankind；　and
learn　thence　how　unhappy　they　were：　it　will　also　show　us　the
history　of　Agrippa；　who；　as　he　was　a　person　most　worthy　of
admiration；　so　was　he　from　a　private　man；　beyond　all　the
expectation　of　those　that　knew　him；　advanced　to　great　power　and
authority。　I　have　said　something　of　them　formerly；　but　I　shall
now　also　speak　accurately　about　them。

4。　Herod　the　Great　had　two　daughters　by　Mariamne；　the　＇grand＇
daughter　of　Hyrcanus；　the　one　was　Salampsio；　who　was　married　to
Phasaelus；　her　first　cousin；　who　was　himself　the　son　of
Phasaelus；　Herod's　brother；　her　father　making　the　match；　the
other　was　Cypros；　who　was　herself　married　also　to　her　first
cousin　Antipater；　the　son　of　Salome；　Herod's　sister。　Phasaelus
had　five　children　by　Salampsio；　Antipater；　Herod；　and　Alexander；
and　two　daughters；　Alexandra　and　Cypros；　which　last　Agrippa；　the
son　of　Aristobulus；　married；　and　Timius　of　Cyprus　married
Alexandra；　he　was　a　man　of　note；　but　had　by　her　no　children。
Agrippa　had　by　Cypros　two　sons　and　three　daughters；　which
daughters　were　named　Bernice；　Mariarune；　and　Drusius；　but　the
names　of　the　sons　were　Agrippa　and　Drusus；　of　which　Drusus　died
before　he　came　to　the　years　of　puberty；　but　their　father；
Agrippa；　was　brought　up　with　his　other　brethren；　Herod　and
Aristobulus；　for　these　were　also　the　sons　of　the　son　of　Herod　the
Great　by　Bernice；　but　Bernice　was　the　daughter　of　Costobarus　and
of　Salome；　who　was　Herod's　sister。　Aristobulus　left　these　infants
when　he　was　slain　by　his　father；　together　with　his　brother
Alexander；　as　we　have　already　related。　But　when　they　were　arrived
at　years　of　puberty；　this　Herod；　the　brother　of　Agrippa；　married
Mariamne；　the　daughter　of　Olympias；　who　was　the　daughter　of　Herod
the　king；　and　of　Joseph；　the　son　of　Joseph；　who　was　brother　to
Herod　the　king；　and　had　by　her　a　son；　Aristobulus；　but
Aristobulus；　the　third　brother　of　Agrippa；　married　Jotape；　the
daughter　of　Sampsigeramus；　king　of　Emesa；　they　had　a　daughter　who
was　deaf；　whose　name　also　was　Jotape；　and　these　hitherto　were　the
children　of　the　male　line。　But　Herodias；　their　sister；　was
married　to　Herod　＇Philip＇；　the　son　of　Herod　the　Great；　who　was
born　of　Mariamne；　the　daughter　of　Simon　the　high　priest；　who　had
a　daughter；　Salome；　after　whose　birth　Herodias　took　upon　her　to
confound　the　laws　of　our　country；　and　divorced　herself　from　her
husband　while　he　was　alive；　and　was　married　to　Herod　＇Antipas＇；
her　husband's　brother　by　the　father's　side；　he　was　tetrarch　of
Galilee；　but　her　daughter　Salome　was　married　to　Philip；　the　son
of　Herod；　and　tetrarch　of　Trachonitis；　and　as　he　died　childless；
Aristobulus；　the　son　of　Herod；　the　brother　of　Agrippa；　married
her；　they　had　three　sons；　Herod；　Agrippa；　and　Aristobulus；　and
this　was　the　posterity　of　Phasaelus　and　Salampsio。　But　the
daughter　of　Antipater　by　Cypros　was　Cypros；　whom　Alexas　Selcias；
the　son　of　Alexas；　married；　they　had　a　daughter；　Cypros；　but
Herod　and　Alexander；　who；　as　we　told　you；　were　the　brothers　of
Antipater；　died　childless。　As　to　Alexander；　the　son　of　Herod　the
king；　who　was　slain　by　his　father；　he　had　two　sons；　Alexander　and
Tigranes；　by　the　daughter　of　Archelaus；　king　of　Cappadocia。
Tigranes；　who　was　king　of　Armenia；　was　accused　at　Rome；　and　died
childless；　Alexander　had　ason　of　the　same　name　with　his　brother
Tigranes；　and　was　sent　to　take　possession　of　the　kingdom　of
Armenia　by　Nero；　he　had　a　son；　Alexander；　who　married　Jotape；
（17）　the　daughter　of　Antiochus；　the　king　of　Commagena；　Vespasian
made　him　king　of　an　island　in　Cilicia。　But　these　descendants　of
Alexander；　soon　after　their　birth；　deserted　the　Jewish　religion；
and　went　over　to　that　of　the　Greeks。　But　for　the　rest　of　the
daughters　of　Herod　the　king；　it　happened　that　they　died
childless。　And　as　these　descendants　of　Herod；　whom　we　have
enumerated；　were　in　being　at　the　same　time　that　Agrippa　the　Great
took　the　kingdom；　and　I　have　now　given　an　account　of　them；　it　now
remains　that　I　relate　the　several　hard　fortunes　which　befell
Agrippa；　and　how　he　got　clea