the antiquities of the jews-1-第232章

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twenty…four　years。　He　left　behind　him　twenty…four　sons　and
twenty…four　daughters。　However；　he　gave　order　that　his　brother
Monobazus　should　succeed　in　the　government；　thereby　requiting
him；　because；　while　he　was　himself　absent　after　their　father's
death；　he　had　faithfully　preserved　the　government　for　him。　But
when　Helena；　his　mother；　heard　of　her　son's　death；　she　was　in
great　heaviness；　as　was　but　natural；　upon　her　loss　of　such　a　most
dutiful　son；　yet　was　it　a　comfort　to　her　that　she　heard　the
succession　came　to　her　eldest　son。　Accordingly；　she　went　to　him
in　haste；　and　when　she　was　come　into　Adiabene；　she　did　not　long
outlive　her　son　Izates。　But　Monobazus　sent　her　bones；　as　well　as
those　of　Izates；　his　brother；　to　Jerusalem；　and　gave　order　that
they　should　be　buried　at　the　pyramids　（8）　which　their　mother　had
erected；　they　were　three　in　number；　and　distant　no　more　than
three　furlongs　from　the　city　Jerusalem。　But　for　the　actions　of
Monobazus　the　king；　which　he　did　during　the　rest　of　his　life。　we
will　relate　them　hereafter。…

CHAPTER　5。

Concerning　Theudas　And　The　Sons　Of　Judas　The　Galilean；　As　Also
What　Calamity　Fell　Upon　The　Jews　On　The　Day　Of　The　Passover。

1。　Now　it　came　to　pass；　while　Fadus　was　procurator　of　Judea；　that
a　certain　magician；　whose　name　was　Theudas；　（9）　persuaded　a　great
part　of　the　people　to　take　their　effects　with　them；　and　follow
him　to　the　river　Jordan；　for　he　told　them　he　was　a　prophet；　and
that　he　would；　by　his　own　command；　divide　the　river；　and　afford
them　an　easy　passage　over　it；　and　many　were　deluded　by　his　words。
However；　Fadus　did　not　permit　them　to　make　any　advantage　of　his
wild　attempt；　but　sent　a　troop　of　horsemen　out　against　them；　who；
falling　upon　them　unexpectedly；　slew　many　of　them；　and　took　many
of　them　alive。　They　also　took　Theudas　alive；　and　cut　off　his
head；　and　carried　it　to　Jerusalem。　This　was　what　befell　the　Jews
in　the　time　of　Cuspius　Fadus's　government。

2。　Then　came　Tiberius　Alexander　as　successor　to　Fadus；　he　was　the
son　of　Alexander　the　alabarch　of　Alexandria；　which　Alexander　was
a　principal　person　among　all　his　contemporaries；　both　for　his
family　and　wealth：　he　was　also　more　eminent　for　his　piety　than
this　his　son　Alexander；　for　he　did　not　continue　in　the　religion
of　his　country。　Under　these　procurators　that　great　famine
happened　in　Judea；　in　which　queen　Helena　bought　corn　in　Egypt　at
a　great　expense；　and　distributed　it　to　those　that　were　in　want；
as　I　have　related　already。　And　besides　this；　the　sons　of　Judas　of
Galilee　were　now　slain；　I　mean　of　that　Judas　who　caused　the
people　to　revolt；　when　Cyrenius　came　to　take　an　account　of　the
estates　of　the　Jews；　as　we　have　showed　in　a　foregoing　book。　The
names　of　those　sons　were　James　and　Simon；　whom　Alexander
commanded　to　be　crucified。　But　now　Herod；　king　of　Chalcis；
removed　Joseph；　the　son　of　Camydus；　from　the　high　priesthood；　and
made　Ananias；　the　son　of　Nebedeu；　his　successor。　And　now　it　was
that　Cumanus　came　as　successor　to　Tiberius　Alexander；　as　also
that　Herod；　brother　of　Agrippa　the　great　king；　departed　this
life；　in　the　eighth　year　of　the　reign　of　Claudius　Caesar。　He　left
behind　him　three　sons；　Aristobulus；　whom　he　had　by　his　first
wife；　with　Bernicianus；　and　Hyrcanus；　both　whom　he　had　by　Bernice
his　brother's　daughter。　But　Claudius　Caesar　bestowed　his
dominions　on　Agrippa；　junior。

3。　Now　while　the　Jewish　affairs　were　under　the　administration　of
Cureanus；　there　happened　a　great　tumult　at　the　city　of　Jerusalem；
and　many　of　the　Jews　perished　therein。　But　I　shall　first　explain
the　occasion　whence　it　was　derived。　When　that　feast　which　is
called　the　passover　was　at　hand；　at　which　time　our　custom　is　to
use　unleavened　bread；　and　a　great　multitude　was　gathered　together
from　all　parts　to　that　feast；　Cumanus　was　afraid　lest　some
attempt　of　innovation　should　then　be　made　by　them；　so　he　ordered
that　one　regiment　of　the　army　should　take　their　arms；　and　stand
in　the　temple　cloisters；　to　repress　any　attempts　of　innovation；
if　perchance　any　such　should　begin；　and　this　was　no　more　than
what　the　former　procurators　of　Judea　did　at　such　festivals。　But
on　the　fourth　day　of　the　feast；　a　certain　soldier　let　down　his
breeches；　and　exposed　his　privy　members　to　the　multitude；　which
put　those　that　saw　him　into　a　furious　rage；　and　made　them　cry　out
that　this　impious　action　was　not　done　to　approach　them；　but　God
himself；　nay；　some　of　them　reproached　Cumanus；　and　pretended　that
the　soldier　was　set　on　by　him；　which；　when　Cumanus　heard；　he　was
also　himself　not　a　little　provoked　at　such　reproaches　laid　upon
him；　yet　did　he　exhort　them　to　leave　off　such　seditious　attempts；
and　not　to　raise　a　tumult　at　the　festival。　But　when　he　could　not
induce　them　to　be　quiet　for　they　still　went　on　in　their
reproaches　to　him；　he　gave　order　that　the　whole　army　should　take
their　entire　armor；　and　come　to　Antonia；　which　was　a　fortress；　as
we　have　said　already；　which　overlooked　the　temple；　but　when　the
multitude　saw　the　soldiers　there；　they　were　affrighted　at　them；
and　ran　away　hastily；　but　as　the　passages　out　were　but　narrow；
and　as　they　thought　their　enemies　followed　them；　they　were
crowded　together　in　their　flight；　and　a　great　number　were　pressed
to　death　in　those　narrow　passages；　nor　indeed　was　the　number
fewer　than　twenty　thousand　that　perished　in　this　tumult。　So
instead　of　a　festival；　they　had　at　last　a　mournful　day　of　it；　and
they　all　of　them　forgot　their　prayers　and　sacrifices；　and　betook
themselves　to　lamentation　and　weeping；　so　great　an　affliction　did
the　impudent　obsceneness　of　a　single　soldier　bring　upon　them。
（10）

4。　Now　before　this　their　first　mourning　was　over；　another
mischief　befell　them　also；　for　some　of　those　that　raised　the
foregoing　tumult；　when　they　were　traveling　along　the　public　road；
about　a　hundred　furlongs　from　the　city；　robbed　Stephanus；　a
servant　of　Caesar；　as　he　was　journeying；　and　plundered　him　of　all
that　he　had　with　him；　which　things　when　Cureanus　heard　of；　he
sent　soldiers　immediately；　and　ordered　them　to　plunder　the
neighboring　villages；　and　to　bring　the　most　eminent　persons　among
them　in　bonds　to　him。　Now　as　this　devastation　was　making；　one　of
the　soldiers　seized　the　laws　of　Moses　that　lay　in　one　of　those
villages；　and　brought　them　out　before　the　eyes　of　all　present；
and　tore　them　to　pieces；　and　this　was　done　with　reproachful
language；　and　much　scurrility；　which　things　when　the　Jews　heard
of；　they　ran　together；　and　that　in　great　numbers；　and　came　down
to　Cesarea；　where　Cumanus　then　was；　and　besought　him　that　he
would　avenge；　not　themselves；　but　God　himself；　whose　laws　had
been　affronted；　for　that　they　could　not　bear　to　live　any　longer；
if　the　laws　of　their　forefathers　must　be　affronted　after　this
manner。　Accordingly　Cumanus；　out　of　fear　lest　the　multitude
should　go　into　a　sedition；　and　by　the　advice　of　his　friends　also；
took　care　that　the　soldier　who　had　offered　the　affront　to　the
laws　should　be　beheaded；　and　thereby　put　a　stop　to　the　sedition
which　was　ready　to　be　kindled　a　second　time。

CHAPTER　6。

How　There　Happened　A　Quarrel　Between　The　Jews　And　The　Samaritans；
And　How　Claudius　Put　An　End　To　Their　Differences。

1。　Now　there　arose　a　quarrel　between　the　Samaritans　and　the　Jews
on　the　occasion　following：　It　was　the　custom　of　the　Galileans；
when　they　came　to　the　holy　city　at　the　festivals；　to　take　their
journeys　through　the　country　of　the　Samaritans；　（11）　and　at　this
time　there　lay；　in　the　road　they　took；　a　village　that　was　called
Ginea；　which　was　situated　in　the　limits　of　Samaria　and　the　great
plain；　where　certain　persons　thereto　belonging　fought　with　the
Galileans；　and　killed　a　great　many　of　them。　But　when　the
principal　of　the　Galileans　were　informed　of　what　had　been　done；
they　came　to　Cumanus；　and　desired　him　to　avenge　the　murder　of
those　that　were　killed；　but　he　was　induced　by　the　Samaritans；
with　money；　to　do　nothing　in　the　matter；　upon　which　the　Galileans
were　much　displeased；　and　persuaded　the　multitude　of　the　Jews　to
betake　themselves　to　arms；　and　to　regain　their　liberty；　saying
that　slavery　was　in　itself　a　bitter　thing；　but　that　when　it　was
joined　with　direct　injuries；　it　was　perfectly　intolerable；　And
when　their　principal　men　endeavored　to　pacify　them；　and　promised
to　endeavor　to　persuade　Cureanus　to　avenge　those　that　were
killed；　they　would　not　hearken　to　them；　but　took　their　weapons；
and　entreated　the　assistance　of　Eleazar；　the　son　of　Dineus；　a
robber；　who　had　many　years　made　his　abode　in　the　mountains；　with
which　assistance　they　plundered　many　villages　of　the　Samaritans。
When　Cumanus　heard　of　this　action　of　theirs；　he　took　the　band　of
Sebaste；　with　four　regiments　of　footmen；　and　armed　the
Samaritans；　and　marched　out　against　the　Jews；　and　caught　them；
and　slew　many　of　them；　and　took　a　great　number　of　them　alive；
whereupon　those　that　were　the　most　eminent　persons　at　Jerusalem；
and　that　both　in　regard　to　the　respect　that　was　paid　them；　and
the　families　they　were　of；　as　soon　as　they　saw　to　what　a　height
things　were　gone；　put　on　sackcloth；　and　heaped　ashes　upon　their
heads；　and　by　all　possible　means　besought　the　seditious；　and
persuaded　them　that　they　would　set　before　their　eyes　the　utter
subversion　of　their　country；　the　conflagration　of　their　temple；
and　the　slavery　of　themselves；　their　wives；　and　children；　（12）
which　would　be　the　consequences　of　what　they　were　doing；　and
would　alter　their　minds；　would　cast　away　their　weapons；　and　for
the　future　be　quiet；　and　return　to　their　own　homes。　These
persuasions　of　theirs　prevailed　upon　them。　So　the　people
dispersed　themselves；　and　the　robbers　went　away　again　to　their
places　of　strength；　and　after　this　time　all　Judea　was　overrun
with　robberies。

2。　But　the　principal　of　the　Samaritans　went　to　Ummidius
Quadratus；　the　president　of　Syria；　who　at　that　time　was　at　Tyre；
and　accused　the　Jews　of　setting　their　villages　on　fire；　and
plundering　them；　and　said　withal；　that　they　were　not　so　much
displeased　at　what　they　had　suffered；　as　they　were　at　the
contempt　thereby　showed　the　Romans；　while　if　they　had　received
any　injury；　they　ought　to　have　made　them　the　judges　of　what　had
been　done；　and　not　presently　to　make　such　devastation；　as　if　they
had　not　the　Romans　for　their　governors；　on　which　account　they
came　to　him；　in　order　to　obtain　that　vengeance　they　wanted。　This
was　the　accusation　which　the　Samaritans　brought　against　the　Jews。
But　the　Jews　affirmed　that　the　Samaritans　were　the　authors　of
this　tumult　and　fighting；　and　that；　in　the　first　place；　Cumanus
had　been　corrupted　by　their　gifts；　and　passed　over　the　murder　of
those　that　were　slain　in　silence；　…　which　allegations　when
Quadratus　heard；　he　put　off　the　hearing　of　the　cause；　and
promised　that　he　would　give　sentence　when　he　should　come　into
Judea；　and　should　have　a　more　exact　knowledge　of　the　truth　of
that　matter。　So　these　men　went　away　without　success。　Yet　was　it
not　long　ere　Quadratus　came　to　Samaria；　where；　upon　hearing　the
cause；　he　supposed　that　the　Samaritans　were　the　authors　of　that
disturbance。　But　when　he　was　informed　that　certain　of　the　Jews
were　making　innovations；　he　ordered　those　to　be　crucified　whom
Cumanus　had　taken　captives。　From　whence　he　came　to　a　certain
village　called