the antiquities of the jews-1-第262章

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he　was　only　his　uncle；　on　account　of　his　adoption　by　him。　See　the
same　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　14。　sect。　4。

（8）　This　is　authentic　evidence　that　the　Jews；　in　the　days　of
Augustus；　began　to　prepare　for　the　celebration　of　the　sabbath　at
the　ninth　hour　on　Friday；　as　the　tradition　of　the　elders　did；　it
seems；　then　require　of　them。

（9）　The　remaining　part　of　this　chapter　is　remarkable；　as　justly
distinguishing　natural　justice；　religion；　and　morality；　from
positive　institutions　in　all　countries；　and　evidently　preferring
the　former　before　the　latter；　as　did　the　true　prophets　of　God
always　under　the　Old　Testament；　and　Christ　and　his　New；　whence
Josephus　seems　to　have　been　at　this　time　nearer　Christianity　than
were　the　Scribes　and　Pharisees　of　his　age；　who；　as　we　know　from
the　New　Testament；　were　entirely　of　a　different　opinion　and
practice。

（10）　It　is　here　worth　our　observation；　how　careful　Josephus　was
as　to　the　discovery　of　truth　in　Herod's　history；　since　he　would
not　follow　Nicolaus　of　Damascus　himself；　so　great　an　historian；
where　there　was　great　reason　to　suspect　that　he　flattered　Herod；
which　impartiality　in　history　Josephus　here　solemnly　pro　fesses；
and　of　which　impartiality　he　has　given　more　demonstrations　than
almost　any　historian　whomsoever；　but　as　to　Herod's　taking　great
wealth　out　of　David's　sepulcher；　though　I　cannot　prove　it；　yet　do
I　strongly　suspect　it　from　this　very　history。

（11）　These　joint　presidents　of　Syria；　Saturninus　and　Volumnius；
were　not　perhaps　of　equal　authority；　but　the　latter　like　a
procurator　under　the　former；　as　the　very　learned　Noris　and　Pagi；
and　with　them　Dr。　Hudson；　determine。

（12）　This　Aretas　was　now　become　so　established　a　name　for　the
kings　of　Arabia；　＇at　Petra　and　Damascus；＇　that　when　the　crown
came　to　this　Aeneas；　he　changed　his　name　to　Aretas；　as　Havercamp
here　justly　observes。　See　Antiq。　B。　XIII。　ch。　15。　sect；　2。

（13）　This　oath；　by　the　fortune　of　Caesar；　was　put　to　Polycarp；　a
bishop　of　Smyrna；　by　the　Roman　governor；　to　try　whether　he　were　a
Christian；　as　they　were　then　esteemed　who　refused　to　swear　that
oath。　Martyr。　Polycarp；　sect。　9。

（14）　What　Josephus　relates　Augustus　to　have　here　said；　that
Berytus　was　a　city　belonging　to　the　Romans；　is　confirmed　by
Spanheim's　notes　here：　〃It　was；〃　says　he；　〃a　colony　placed　there
by　Augustus。　Whence　Ulpian；　De　Gens。　bel。　L。　T。　XV。　The　colony　of
Berytus　was　rendered　famous　by　the　benefits　of　Caesar；　and　thence
it　is　that；　among　the　coins　of　Augustus；　we　meet　with　some　having
this　inscription：　The　happy　colony　of　Augustus　at　Berytua〃

（15）　The　reader　is　here　to　note；　that　this　eighth　section　is
entirely　wanting　in　the　old　Latin　version；　as　Spanheim　truly
observes；　nor　is　there　any　other　reason　for　it；　I　suppose；　than
the　great　difficulty　of　an　exact　translation。

BOOK　17　FOOTNOTES

（1）　Those　who　have　a　mind　to　know　all　the　family　and　descendants
of　Antipater　the　Idumean；　and　of　Herod　the　Great；　his　son；　and
have　a　memory　to　preserve　them　all　distinctly；　may　consult
Josephus；　Antiq。　B。　XVIII。　ch。　5。　sect。　4；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　I。
ch。　28。　sect。　4；　in　Havercamp's　edition；　p。　336；　and　Spanheim；
lb。　p。　402405；　and　Reland；　Paleslin。　Part　I。　p。　178；　176。

（2）　This　is　now　wanting。

（3）　Pheroras's　wife；　and　her　mother　and　sister；　and　Doris；
Antipater's　mother。

（4）His　wife；　her　mother；　and　sister。

（5）　It　seems　to　me；　by　this　whole　story　put　together；　that
Pheroras　was　not　himself　poisoned；　as　is　commonly　supposed；　for
Antipater　had　persuaded　him　to　poison　Herod；　ch。　v。　sect。　1；
which　would　fall　to　the　ground　if　he　wore　himself　poisoned；　nor
could　the　poisoning　of　Pheroras　serve　any　design　that　appears　now
going　forward；　it　was　only　the　supposal　of　two　of　his　freed…men；
that　this　love…potion；　or　poison；　which　they　knew　was　brought　to
Pheroras's　wife；　was　made　use　of　for　poisoning　him；　whereas　it
appears　to　have　been　brought　for　her　husband　to　poison　Herod
withal；　as　the　future　examinations　demonstrate。

（6）　That　the　making　of　images；　without　an　intention　to　worship
them；　was　not　unlawful　to　the　Jews；　see　the　note　on　Antiq。　B
VIII。　ch。　7。　sect。　5。

（7）　This　fact；　that　one　Joseph　was　made　high　priest　for　a　single
day；　on　occasion　of　the　action　here　specified；　that　befell
Matthias；　the　real　high　priest；　in　his　sleep；　the　night　before
the　great　day　of　expiation；　is　attested　to　both　in　the　Mishna　and
Talmud；　as　Dr。　Hudson　here　informs　us。　And　indeed；　from　this
fact；　thus　fully　attested；　we　may　confute　that　pretended　rule　in
the　Talmud　here　mentioned；　and　endeavored　to　be　excused　lay
Reland；　that　the　high　priest　was　not　suffered　to　sleep　the　night
before　that　great　day　of　expiation；　which　watching　would　surely
rather　unfit　him　for　the　many　important　duties　he　was　to　perform
on　that　solemn　day；　than　dispose　him　duly　to　perform　them。　Nor　do
such　Talmudical　rules；　when　unsupported　by　better　evidence；　much
less　when　contradicted　there　by；　seem　to　me　of　weight　enough　to
deserve　that　so　great　a　man　as　Reland　should　spend　his　time　in
endeavors　at　their　vindication。

（8）　This　eclipse　of　the　moon　（which　is　the　only　eclipse　of　either
of　the　luminaries　mentioned　by　our　Josephus　in　any　of　his
writings）　is　of　the　greatest　consequence　for　the　determination　of
the　time　for　the　death　of　Herod　and　Antipater；　and　for　the　birth
and　entire　chronology　of　Jesus　Christ。　It　happened　March　13th；　in
the　year　of　the　Julian　period　4710；　and　the　4th　year　before　the
Christian　era。　See　its　calculation　by　the　rules　of　astronomy；　at
the　end　of　the　Astronomical　Lectures；　edit。　Lat。　p。　451；　452。

（9）　A　place　for　the　horse…races。

（10）　When　it　is　here　said　that　Philip　the　tetrarch；　and　Archelaus
the　king；　or　ethnarch；　were　own　brother；　or　genuine　brothers；　if
those　words　mean　own　brothers；　or　born　of　the　same　father　and
mother；　there　must　be　here　some　mistake；　because　they　had　indeed
the　same　father；　Herod；　but　different　mothers；　the　former
Cleopatra；　and　Archclaus　Malthace。　They　were　indeed　brought　up
together　privately　at　Rome　like　when　he　went　to　have　his　kingdom
confirmed　to　him　at　Rome；　ch。　9。　sect。　5；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　II。
ch。　2。　sect。　1；　which　intimacy　is　perhaps　all　that　Josephus
intended　by　the　words　before　us。

（11）　These　numbers　of　years　for　Herod's　reign；　34　and　37；　are　the
very　same　with　those；　Of　the　War；　B。　I。　ch。　33。　sect。　8；　and　are
among　the　principal　chronological　characters　belonging　to　the
reign　or　death　of　Herod。　See　Harm。　p。　150155。

（12）　At　eight　stadia　or　furlongs　a…day；　as　here；　Herod's　funeral；
conducted　to　Herodium；　which　lay　at　the　distance　from　Jericho；
where　he　died；　of　200　stadia　or　furlongs；　Of　the　War；　B。　1。　ch。
33。　sect。　9；　must　have　taken　up　no　less　than　twenty…five　days。

（13）　This　passover；　when　the　sedition　here　mentioned　was　moved
against　Archelaus；　was　not　one；　but　thirteen　months　after　the
eclipse　of　the　moon　already　mentioned。

（14）　See　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　13。　sect。　10；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　II。
ch。　12。　sect。　9。

（15）　These　great　devastations　made　about　the　temple　here；　and　Of
the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　3。　sect。　3；　seem　not　to　have　been　full
re…edified　in　the　days　of　Nero；　till　whose　time　there　were
eighteen　thousand　workmen　continually　employed　in　rebuilding　and
repairing　that　temple；　as　Josephus　informs　us；　Antiq。　B。　XX。　ch。
9。　sect。　7。　See　the　note　on　that　place。

（16）　Unless　this　Judas；　the　son　of　Ezekias；　be　the　same　with　that
Theudas；　mentioned　Acts　5：36；　Josephus　must　have　omitted　him；　for
that　other　Thoualas；　whom　he　afterward　mentions；　under　Fadus　the
Roman　governor；　B。　XX。　ch。　5。　sect。　1；　is　much　too　late　to
correspond　to　him　that　is　mentioned　in　the　Acts。　The　names
Theudas；　Thaddeus；　and　Judas　differ　but　little。　See　Archbishop
Usher's　Annals　at　A。M。　4001。　However；　since　Josephus　does　not
pretend　to　reckon　up　the　heads　of　all　those　ten　thousand
disorders　in　Judea；　which　he　tells　us　were　then　abroad；　see　sect。
4　and　8；　the　Theudas　of　the　Acts　might　be　at　the　head　of　one　of
those　seditions；　though　not　particularly　named　by　him。　Thus　he
informs　us　here；　sect。　6；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　4。　Sect。　2；
that　certain　of　the　seditious　came　and　burnt　the　royal　palace　at
Amsthus；　or　Betharamphta；　upon　the　river　Jordan。　Perhaps　their
leader；　who　is　not　named　by　Josephus；　might　be　this　Theudas。

（17）　See　Of　the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　2。　sect。　3。

（18）　See　the　note；　Of　the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　6。　sect。　1。

（19）　He　was　tetrarch　afterward。

（20）　If　any　one　compare　that　Divine　prediction　concerning　the
tyrannical　power　which　Jewish　kings　would　exercise　over　them；　if
they　would　be　so　foolish　as　to　prefer　it　before　their　ancient
theocracy　or　aristocracy；　1　Samuel　8：1…22；　Antiq。　B。　VI。　ch。　4。
sect。　4；　he　will　soon　find　that　it　was　superabundantly　fulfilled
in　the　days　of　Herod；　and　that　to　such　a　degree；　that　the　nation
now　at　last　seem　sorely　to　repent　of　such　their　ancient　choice；
in　opposition　to　God's　better　choice　for　them；　and　had　much
rather　be　subject　to　even　a　pagan　Roman　government；　and　their
deputies；　than　to　be　any　longer　under　the　oppression　of　the
family　of　Herod；　which　request　of　theirs　Augustus　did　not　now
grant　them；　but　did　it　for　the　one　half　of　that　nation　in　a　few
years　afterward；　upon　fresh　complaints　made　by　the　Jews　against
Archelaus；　who；　under　the　more　humble　name　of　an　ethnarch；　which
Augustus　only　would　now　allow　him；　soon　took　upon　him　the
insolence　and　tyranny　of　his　father　king　Herod；　as　the　remaining
part　of　this　book　will　inform　us；　and　particularly　ch。　13。　sect。
2。

（21）　This　is　not　true。　See　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　9。　sect。　3；　4；　and
ch。　12。　sect。　2；　and　ch。　13。　sect。　1；　2。　Antiq。　B。　XV。　ch。　3。
sect。　5；　and　ch。　10。　sect。　2；　3。　Antiq。　B。　XVI。　ch。　9。　sect。　3。
Since　Josephus　here　informs　us　that　Archelaus　had　one　half　of　the
kingdom　of　Herod；　and　presently　informs　us　further　that
Archelaus's　annual　income；　after　an　abatement　of　one　quarter　for
the　present；　was　600　talents；　we　may　therefore　ga　ther　pretty
nearly　what　was　Herod　the　Great's　yearly　income；　I　mean　about
1600　talents；　which；　at　the　known　value　of　3000　shekels　to　a
talent；　and　about　2s。　10d。　to　a　shekel；　in　the　days　of　Josephus；
see　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　III。　ch。　8。　sect。　2；　amounts　to　680；000
sterling　per　annum；　which　income；　though　great　in　itself；　bearing
no　proportion　to　his　vast　expenses　every　where　visible　in
Josephus；　and　to　the　vast　sums　he　left　behind　him　in　his　will；
ch。　8。　sect。　1；　and　ch。　12。　sect。　1；　the　rest　must　have　arisen
either　from　his　confiscation　of　those　great　men's　estates　whom　he
put　to　death；　or　made　to　pay　fine　for　the　saving　of　their　lives；
or　from　some　other　heavy　methods　of　oppression　which　such　savage
tyrants　usually　exercise　upon　their　miserable　subjects；　or　rather
from　these　several　methods　not　together；　all　which　yet　seem　very
much　too　small　for　his　expenses；　being　drawn　from　no　larger　a
nation　than　that　of　the　Jews；　which　was　very　populous；　but
without　the　advantage　of　trade　to　bring　them　riches；　so　that　I
cannot　but　strongly　suspect　that　no　small　part　of　this　his　wealth
arose　from　another　source；　I　mean　from　some　vast　sums　he　took　out
of　David's　sepulcher；　but　concealed　from　the　people。　See　the　note
on　Antiq。　B。　VII。　ch。　15。　sect。　3。

（22）　Take　here　a　very　useful　note　of　Grotias；