the antiquities of the jews-1-第28章

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of　the　creatures　which　men　have　seen；　though　Moses　said　he　had
seen　such　beings　near　the　throne　of　God。　In　this　ark　he　put　the
two　tables　whereon　the　ten　commandments　were　written；　five　upon
each　table；　and　two　and　a　half　upon　each　side　of　them；　and　this
ark　he　placed　in　the　most　holy　place。

6。　But　in　the　holy　place　he　placed　a　table；　like　those　at　Delphi。
Its　length　was　two　cubits；　and　its　breadth　one　cubit；　and　its
height　three　spans。　It　had　feet　also；　the　lower　half　of　which
were　complete　feet；　resembling　those　which　the　Dorians　put　to
their　bedsteads；　but　the　upper　parts　towards　the　table　were
wrought　into　a　square　form。　The　table　had　a　hollow　towards　every
side；　having　a　ledge　of　four　fingers'　depth；　that　went　round
about　like　a　spiral；　both　on　the　upper　and　lower　part　of　the　body
of　the　work。　Upon　every　one　of　the　feet　was　there　also　inserted　a
ring；　not　far　from　the　cover；　through　which　went　bars　of　wood
beneath；　but　gilded；　to　be　taken　out　upon　occasion；　there　being　a
cavity　where　it　was　joined　to　the　rings；　for　they　were　not　entire
rings；　but　before　they　came　quite　round　they　ended　in　acute
points；　the　one　of　which　was　inserted　into　the　prominent　part　of
the　table；　and　the　other　into　the　foot；　and　by　these　it　was
carried　when　they　journeyed：　Upon　this　table；　which　was　placed　on
the　north　side　of　the　temple；　not　far　from　the　most　holy　place；
were　laid　twelve　unleavened　loaves　of　bread；　six　upon　each　heap；
one　above　another：　they　were　made　of　two　tenth…deals　of　the
purest　flour；　which　tenth…deal　＇an　omer＇　is　a　measure　of　the
Hebrews；　containing　seven　Athenian　cotyloe；　and　above　those
loaves　were　put　two　vials　full　of　frankincense。　Now　after　seven
days　other　loaves　were　brought　in　their　stead；　on　the　day　which
is　by　us　called　the　Sabbath；　for　we　call　the　seventh　day　the
Sabbath。　But　for　the　occasion　of　this　intention　of　placing　loaves
here；　we　will　speak　to　it　in　another　place。

7。　Over　against　this　table；　near　the　southern　wall；　was　set　a
candlestick　of　cast　gold；　hollow　within；　being　of　the　weight　of
one　hundred　pounds；　which　the　Hebrews　call　Chinchares　；。　if　it　be
turned　into　the　Greek　language；　it　denotes　a　talent。　It　was'　made
with　its　knops；　and　lilies；　and　pomegranates；　and　bowls　（which
ornaments　amounted　to　seventy　in　all）；　by　which　means　the　shaft
elevated　itself　on　high　from　a　single　base；　and　spread　itself
into　as　many　branches　as　there　are　planets；　including　the　sun
among　them。　It　terminated　in　seven　heads；　in　one　row；　all
standing　parallel　to　one　another；　and　these　branches　carried
seven　lamps；　one　by　one；　in　imitation　of　the　number　of　the
planets。　These　lamps　looked　to　the　east　and　to　the　south；　the
candlestick　being　situate　obliquely。

8。　Now　between　this　candlestick　and　the　table；　which；　as　we　said；
were　within　the　sanctuary；　was　the　altar　of　incense；　made　of　wood
indeed；　but　of　the　same　wood　of　which　the　foregoing　vessels　were
made；　such　as　was　not　liable　to　corruption；　it　was　entirely
crusted　over　with　a　golden　plate。　Its　breadth　on　each　side　was　a
cubit；　but　the　altitude　double。　Upon　it　was　a　grate　of　gold；　that
was　extant　above　the　altar；　which　had　a　golden　crown　encompassing
it　round　about；　whereto　belonged　rings　and　bars；　by　which　the
priests　carried　it　when　they　journeyed。　Before　this　tabernacle
there　was　reared　a　brazen　altar；　but　it　was　within　made　of　wood；
five　cubits　by　measure　on　each　side；　but　its　height　was　but
three；　in　like　manner　adorned　with　brass　plates　as　bright　as
gold。　It　had　also　a　brazen　hearth　of　network；　for　the　ground
underneath　received　the　fire　from　the　hearth；　because　it　had　no
basis　to　receive　it。　Hard　by　this　altar　lay　the　basins；　and　the
vials；　and　the　censers；　and　the　caldrons；　made　of　gold；　but　the
other　vessels；　made　for　the　use　of　the　sacrifices；　were　all　of
brass。　And　such　was　the　construction　of　the　tabernacle；　and　these
were　the　vessels　thereto　belonging。

CHAPTER　7。

Concerning　The　Garments　Of　The　Priests；　And　Of　The　High　Priest。

1。　There　were　peculiar　garments　appointed　for　the　priests；　and
for　all　the　rest；　which　they　call　Cohanoeoe　＇…priestly＇　garments；
as　also　for　the　high　priests；　which　they　call　Cahanoeoe　Rabbae；
and　denote　the　high　priest's　garments。　Such　was　therefore　the
habit　of　the　rest。　But　when　the　priest　approaches　the　sacrifices；
he　purifies　himself　with　the　purification　which　the　law
prescribes；　and；　in　the　first　place；　he　puts　on　that　which　is
called　Machanase；　which　means　somewhat　that　is　fast　tied。　It　is　a
girdle；　composed　of　fine　twined　linen；　and　is　put　about　the　privy
parts；　the　feet　being　to　be　inserted　into　them　in　the　nature　of
breeches；　but　above　half　of　it　is　cut　off；　and　it　ends　at　the
thighs；　and　is　there　tied　fast。

2。　Over　this　he　wore　a　linen　vestment；　made　of　fine　flax　doubled：
it　is　called　Chethone；　and　denotes　linen；　for　we　call　linen　by
the　name　of　Chethone。　This　vestment　reaches　down　to　the　feet；　and
sits　close　to　the　body；　and　has　sleeves　that　are　tied　fast　to　the
arms：　it　is　girded　to　the　breast　a　little　above　the　elbows；　by　a
girdle　often　going　round；　four　fingers　broad；　but　so　loosely
woven；　that　you　would　think　it　were　the　skin　of　a　serpent。　It　is
embroidered　with　flowers　of　scarlet；　and　purple；　and　blue；　and
fine　twined　linen；　but　the　warp　was　nothing　but　fine　linen。　The
beginning　of　its　circumvolution　is　at　the　breast；　and　when　it　has
gone　often　round；　it　is　there　tied；　and　hangs　loosely　there　down
to　the　ankles：　I　mean　this；　all　the　time　the　priest　is　not　about
any　laborious　service；　for　in　this　position　it　appears　in　the
most　agreeable　manner　to　the　spectators；　but　when　he　is　obliged
to　assist　at　the　offering　sacrifices；　and　to　do　the　appointed
service；　that　he　may　not　be　hindered　in　his　operations　by　its
motion；　he　throws　it　to　the　left；　and　bears　it　on　his　shoulder。
Moses　indeed　calls　this　belt　Albaneth；　but　we　have　learned　from
the　Babylonians　to　call　it　Emia；　for　so　it　is　by　them　called。
This　vestment　has　no　loose　or　hollow　parts　any　where　in　it；　but
only　a　narrow　aperture　about　the　neck；　and　it　is　tied　with
certain　strings　hanging　down　from　the　edge　over　the　breast　and
back；　and　is　fastened　above　each　shoulder：　it　is　called
Massabazanes。

3。　Upon　his　head　he　wears　a　cap；　not　brought　to　a　conic　form　nor
encircling　the　whole　head；　but　still　covering　more　than　the　half
of　it；　which　is　called　Masnaemphthes；　and　its　make　is　such　that
it　seems　to　be　a　crown；　being　made　of　thick　swathes；　but　the
contexture　is　of　linen；　and　it　is　doubled　round　many　times；　and
sewed　together；　besides　which；　a　piece　of　fine　linen　covers　the
whole　cap　from　the　upper　part；　and　reaches　down　to　the　forehead；
and　hides　the　seams　of　the　swathes；　which　would　otherwise　appear
indecently：　this　adheres　closely　upon　the　solid　part　of　the　head；
and　is　thereto　so　firmly　fixed；　that　it　may　not　fall　off　during
the　sacred　service　about　the　sacrifices。　So　we　have　now　shown　you
what　is　the　habit　of　the　generality　of　the　priests。

4。　The　high　priest　is　indeed　adorned　with　the　same　garments　that
we　have　described；　without　abating　one；　only　over　these　he　puts
on　a　vestment　of　a　blue　color。　This　also　is　a　long　robe；　reaching
to　his　feet；　＇in　our　language　it　is　called　。Meeir；＇　and　is　tied
round　with　a　girdle；　embroidered　with　the　same　colors　and　flowers
as　the　former；　with　a　mixture　of　gold　interwoven。　To　the　bottom
of　which　garment　are　hung　fringes；　in　color　like　pomegranates；
with　golden　bells　（13）　by　a　curious　and　beautiful　contrivance；　so
that　between　two　bells　hangs　a　pomegranate；　and　between　two
pomegranates　a　bell。　Now　this　vesture　was　not　composed　of　two
pieces；　nor　was　it　sewed　together　upon　the　shoulders　and　the
sides；　but　it　was　one　long　vestment　so　woven　as　to　have　an
aperture　for　the　neck；　not　an　oblique　one；　but　parted　all　along
the　breast　and　the　back。　A　border　also　was　sewed　to　it；　lest　the
aperture　should　look　too　indecently：　it　was　also　parted　where　the
hands　were　to　come　out。

5。　Besides　these；　the　high　priest　put　on　a　third　garment；　which
was　called　the　Ephod；　which　resembles　the　Epomis　of　the　Greeks。
Its　make　was　after　this　manner：　it　was　woven　to　the　depth　of　a
cubit；　of　several　colors；　with　gold　intermixed；　and　embroidered；
but　it　left　the　middle　of　the　breast　uncovered：　it　was　made　with
sleeves　also；　nor　did　it　appear　to　be　at　all　differently　made
from　a　short　coat。　But　in　the　void　place　of　this　garment　there
was　inserted　a　piece　of　the　bigness　of　a　span；　embroidered　with
gold；　and　the　other　colors　of　the　ephod；　and　was　called　Essen；
＇the　breastplate；＇　。which　in　the　Greek　language　signifies　the
Oracle。　This　piece　exactly　filled　up　the　void　space　in　the　ephod。
It　was　united　to　it　by　golden　rings　at　every　corner；　the　like
rings　being　annexed　to　the　ephod；　and　a　blue　riband　was　made　use
of　to　tie　them　together　by　those　rings；　and　that　the　space
between　the　rings　might　not　appear　empty；　they　contrived　to　fill
it　up　with　stitches　of　blue　ribands。　There　were　also　two
sardonyxes　upon　the　ephod；　at　the　shoulders；　to　fasten　it　in　the
nature　of　buttons；　having　each　end　running　to　the　sardonyxes　of
gold；　that　they　might　be　buttoned　by　them。　On　these　were　engraven
the　names　of　the　sons　of　Jacob；　in　our　own　country　letters；　and
in　our　own　tongue；　six　on　each　of　the　stones；　on　either　side；　and
the　elder　sons'　names　were　on　the　right　shoulder。　Twelve　stones
also　there　were　upon　the　breast…plate；　extraordinary　in　largeness
and　beauty；　and　they　were　an　ornament　not　to　be　purchased　by　men；
because　of　their　immense　value。　These　stones；　however；　stood　in
three　rows；　by　four　in　a　row；　and　were　inserted　into　the
breastplate　itself；　and　they　were　set　in　ouches　of　gold；　that
were　themselves　inserted　in　the　breastplate；　and　were　so　made
that　they　might　not　fall　out　low　the　first　three　stones　were　a
sardonyx；　a　topaz；　and　an　emerald。　The　second　row　contained　a
carbuncle；　a　jasper；　and　a　sapphire。　The　first　of　the　third　row
was　a　ligure；　then　an　amethyst；　and　the　third　an　agate；　being　the
ninth　of　the　whole　number。　The　first　of　the　fourth　row　was　a
chrysolite；　the　next　was　an　onyx；　and　then　a　beryl；　which　was　the
last　of　all。　Now　the　names　of　all　those　sons　of　Jacob　were
engraven　in　these　stones；　whom　we　esteem　the　heads　of　our　tribes；
each　stone　having　the　honor　of　a　name；　in　the　order　according　to
which　they　were　born。　And　whereas　the　rings　were　too　weak　of
themselves　to　bear　the　weight　of　the　stones；　they　made　two　other
rings　of　a　larger　size；　at　the　edge　of　that　part　of　the
breastplate　which　reached　to　the　neck；　and　inserted　into　the　very
texture　of　the　breastplate；　to　receive　chains　finely　wrought；
which　connected　them　with　golden　bands　to　the　tops　of　the
shoulders；　whose　extremity　turned　backwards；　and　went　into　the
ring；　on　the　prominent　back　part　of　the　ephod；　and　this　was　for
the　security　of　the　breastplate；　that　it　might　not　fall　out　of
its　place。　There　was　also　a　girdle　sewed　to　the　breastplate；
which　was　of　the　forementioned　colors；　with　gold　intermixed；
which；　when　it　had　gone　once　round；　was　tied　again　upon　the　seam；
and　hung　down。　There　were　also　golden　loops　that　admitted　its
fringes　at　each　extremity　of　the　girdle；　and　included　them
entirely。

6。　The　high　priest's　mitre　was　the　s