worldly ways and byways-第8章

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and　supplied　their　employees　with　a　livery　（I　beg　the　free　and　

independent　voter's　pardon；　a　uniform！）；　with　but　little　effect。　　

The　inherent　tendency　is　too　strong　for　the　corporations。　　The　

conductors　still　shuffle　along　in　their　spotted　garments；　the　cap　

on　the　back　of　the　head；　and　their　legs　anywhere；　while　they　chew　

gum　in　defiance　of　the　whole　Board　of　Directors。



Go　down　to　Washington；　after　a　visit　to　the　Houses　of　Parliament　or　

the　Chamber　of　Deputies；　and　observe　the　contrast　between　the　

bearing　of　our　Senators　and　Representatives　and　the　air　of　their　

CONFRERES　abroad。　　Our　law…makers　seem　trying　to　avoid　every　

appearance　of　〃smartness。〃　　Indeed；　I　am　told；　so　great　is　the　

prejudice　in　the　United　States　against　a　well…turned…out　man　that　a　

candidate　would　seriously　compromise　his　chances　of　election　who　

appeared　before　his　constituents　in　other　than　the　accustomed　

shabby　frock…coat；　unbuttoned　and　floating；　a　pot　hat；　no　gloves；　

as　much　doubtfully　white　shirt…front　as　possible；　and　a　wisp　of　

black　silk　for　a　tie；　and　if　he　can　exhibit　also　a　chin…whisker；　

his　chances　of　election　are　materially　increased。



Nothing　offends　an　eye　accustomed　to　our　native　LAISSER　ALLER　so　

much　as　a　well…brushed　hat　and　shining　boots。　　When　abroad；　it　is　

easy　to　spot　a　compatriot　as　soon　and　as　far　as　you　can　see　one；　by　

his　graceless　gait；　a　cross　between　a　lounge　and　a　shuffle。　　In　

reading…；　or　dining…room；　he　is　the　only　man　whose　spine　does　not　

seem　equal　to　its　work；　so　he　flops　and　straggles　until；　for　the　

honor　of　your　land；　you　long　to　shake　him　and　set　him　squarely　on　

his　legs。



No　amount　of　reasoning　can　convince　me　that　outward　slovenliness　is　

not　a　sign　of　inward　and　moral　supineness。　　A　neglected　exterior　

generally　means　a　lax　moral　code。　　The　man　who　considers　it　too　

much　trouble　to　sit　erect　can　hardly　have　given　much　time　to　his　

tub　or　his　toilet。　　Having　neglected　his　clothes；　he　will　neglect　

his　manners；　and　between　morals　and　manners　we　know　the　tie　is　

intimate。



In　the　Orient　a　new　reign　is　often　inaugurated　by　the　construction　

of　a　mosque。　　Vast　expense　is　incurred　to　make　it　as　splendid　as　

possible。　　But；　once　completed；　it　is　never　touched　again。　　Others　

are　built　by　succeeding　sovereigns；　but　neither　thought　nor　

treasure　is　ever　expended　on　the　old　ones。　　When　they　can　no　longer　

be　used；　they　are　abandoned；　and　fall　into　decay。　　The　same　system　

seems　to　prevail　among　our　private　owners　and　corporations。　　

Streets　are　paved；　lamp…posts　erected；　store…fronts　carefully　

adorned；　but　from　the　hour　the　workman　puts　his　finishing　touch　

upon　them　they　are　abandoned　to　the　hand　of　fate。　　The　mud　may　cake　

up　knee…deep；　wind　and　weather　work　their　own　sweet　will；　it　is　no　

one's　business　to　interfere。



When　abroad　one　of　my　amusements　has　been　of　an　early　morning　to　

watch　Paris　making　its　toilet。　　The　streets　are　taking　a　bath；　

liveried　attendants　are　blacking　the　boots　of　the　lamp…posts　and　

newspaper…KIOSQUES；　the　shop…fronts　are　being　shaved　and　having　

their　hair　curled；　cafe's　and　restaurants　are　putting　on　clean　

shirts　and　tying　their　cravats　smartly　before　their　many　mirrors。　　

By　the　time　the　world　is　up　and　about；　the　whole　city；　smiling　

freshly　from　its　matutinal　tub；　is　ready　to　greet　it　gayly。



It　is　this　attention　to　detail　that　gives　to　Continental　cities　

their　air　of　cheerfulness　and　thrift；　and　the　utter　lack　of　it　that　

impresses　foreigners　so　painfully　on　arriving　at　our　shores。



It　has　been　the　fashion　to　laugh　at　the　dude　and　his　high　collar；　

at　the　darky　in　his　master's　cast…off　clothes；　aping　style　and　

fashion。　　Better　the　dude；　better　the　colored　dandy；　better　even　

the　Bowery　〃tough〃　with　his　affected　carriage；　for　they　at　least　

are　reaching　blindly　out　after　something　better　than　their　

surroundings；　striving　after　an　ideal；　and　are　in　just　so　much　the　

superiors　of　the　foolish　souls　who　mock　them　…　better；　even　

misguided　efforts；　than　the　ignoble　stagnant　quagmire　of　slouch　

into　which　we　seem　to　be　slowly　descending。









CHAPTER　9　…　Social　Suggestion





THE　question　of　how　far　we　are　unconsciously　influenced　by　people　

and　surroundings；　in　our　likes　and　dislikes；　our　opinions；　and　even　

in　our　pleasures　and　intimate　tastes；　is　a　delicate　and　interesting　

one；　for　the　line　between　success　and　failure　in　the　world；　as　on　

the　stage　or　in　most　of　the　professions；　is　so　narrow　and　depends　

so　often　on　what　humor　one's　〃public〃　happen　to　be　in　at　a　

particular　moment；　that　the　subject　is　worthy　of　consideration。



Has　it　never　happened　to　you；　for　instance；　to　dine　with　friends　

and　go　afterwards　in　a　jolly　humor　to　the　play　which　proved　so　

delightful　that　you　insist　on　taking　your　family　immediately　to　see　

it；　when　to　your　astonishment　you　discover　that　it　is　neither　

clever　nor　amusing；　on　the　contrary　rather　dull。　　Your　family　look　

at　you　in　amazement　and　wonder　what　you　had　seen　to　admire　in　such　

an　asinine　performance。　　There　was　a　case　of　suggestion！　　You　had　

been　influenced　by　your　friends　and　had　shared　their　opinions。　　The　

same　thing　occurs　on　a　higher　scale　when　one　is　raised　out　of　one's　

self　by　association　with　gifted　and　original　people；　a　communion　

with　more　cultivated　natures　which　causes　you　to　discover　and　

appreciate　a　thousand　hidden　beauties　in　literature；　art　or　music　

that　left　to　yourself；　you　would　have　failed　to　notice。　　Under　

these　circumstances　you　will　often　be　astonished　at　the　point　and　

piquancy　of　your　own　conversation。　　This　is　but　too　true　of　a　

number　of　subjects。



We　fondly　believe　our　opinions　and　convictions　to　be　original；　and　

with　innocent　conceit；　imagine　that　we　have　formed　them　for　

ourselves。　　The　illusion　of　being　unlike　other　people　is　a　common　

vanity。　　Beware　of　the　man　who　asserts　such　a　claim。　　He　is　sure　to　

be　a　bore　and　will　serve　up　to　you；　as　his　own；　a　muddle　of　ideas　

and　opinions　which　he　has　absorbed　like　a　sponge　from　his　

surroundings。



No　place　is　more　propitious　for　studying　this　curious　phenomenon；　

than　behind　the　scenes　of　a　theatre；　the　last　few　nights　before　a　

first　performance。　　The　whole　company　is　keyed　up　to　a　point　of　

mutual　admiration　that　they　are　far　from　feeling　generally。　　〃The　

piece　is　charming　and　sure　to　be　a　success。〃　　The　author　and　the　

interpreters　of　his　thoughts　are　in　complete　communion。　　The　first　

night　comes。　　The　piece　is　a　failure！　　Drop　into　the　greenroom　then　

and　you　will　find　an　astonishing　change　has　taken　place。　　The　Star　

will　take　you　into　a　corner　and　assert　that；　she　〃always　knew　the　

thing　could　not　go；　it　was　too　imbecile；　with　such　a　company；　it　

was　folly　to　expect　anything　else。〃　　The　author　will　abuse　the　Star　

and　the　management。　　The　whole　troupe　is　frankly　disconcerted；　like　

people　aroused　out　of　a　hypnotic　sleep；　wondering　what　they　had　

seen　in　the　play　to　admire。



In　the　social　world　we　are　even　more　inconsistent；　accepting　with　

tameness　the　most　astonishing　theories　and　opinions。　　Whole　circles　

will　go　on　assuring　each　other　how　clever　Miss　So…and…So　is；　or；　

how　beautiful　they　think　someone　else。　　Not　because　these　good　

people　are　any　cleverer；　or　more　attractive　than　their　neighbors；　

but　simply　because　it　is　in　the　air　to　have　these　opinions　about　

them。　　To　such　an　extent　does　this　hold　good；　that　certain　persons　

are　privileged　to　be　vulgar　and　rude；　to　say　impertinent　things　and　

make　remarks　that　would　ostracize　a　less　fortunate　individual　from　

the　polite　world　for　ever；　society　will　only　smilingly　shrug　its　

shoulders　and　say：　〃It　is　only　Mr。　So…and…So's　way。〃　　It　is　useless　

to　assert　that　in　cases　like　these；　people　are　in　possession　of　

their　normal　senses。　　They　are　under　influences　of　which　they　are　

perfectly　unconscious。



Have　you　ever　seen　a　piece　guyed？　　Few　sadder　sights　exist；　the　

human　being　rarely　getting　nearer　the　brute　than　when　engaged　in　

this　amusement。　　Nothing　the　actor　or　actress　can　do　will　satisfy　

the　public。　　Men　who　under　ordinary　circumstances　would　be　

incapable　of　insulting　a　woman；　will　whistle　and　stamp　and　laugh；　

at　an　unfortunate　girl　who　is　doing　her　utmost　to　amuse　them。　　A　

terrible　example　of　this　was　given　two　winters　ago　at　one　of　our　

concert　halls；　when　a　family　of　Western　singers　were　subjected　to　

absolute　ill…treatment　at　the　hands　of　the　public。　　The　young　girls　

were　perfectly　sincere；　in　their　rude　way；　but　this　did　not　prevent　

men　from　offering　them　every　insult　malice　could　devise；　and　making　

them　a　target　for　every　missile　at　hand。　　So　little　does　the　public　

think　for　itself　in　cases　like　this；　that　at　the　opening　of　the　

performance　had　some　well…known　person　given　the　signal　for　

applause；　the　whole　audience　would；　in　all　probability；　have　been　

delighted　and　made　the　wretched　sisters　a　success。



In　my　youth　it　was　the　fashion　to　affect　admiration　for　the　Italian　

school　of　painting　and　especially　for　the　great　masters　of　the　

Renaissance。　　Whole　families　of　perfectly　inartistic　English　and　

Americans　might　then　he　heard　conscientiously　admiring　the　ceiling　

of　the　Sistine　Chapel　or　Leonardo's　Last　Supper　（Botticelli　had　not　

been　invented　then）　in　the　choicest　guide…book　language。



When　one　considers　the　infinite　knowledge　of　technique　required　to　

understand　the　difficulties　overcome　by　the　giants　of　the　

Renaissance　and　to　appreciate　the　intrinsic　qualities　of　their　

creations；　one　asks　one's　self　in　wonder　what　our　parents　admired　

in　those　paintings；　and　what　tempted　them　to　bring　home　and　adorn　

their　houses　with　such　dreadful　copies　of　their　favorites。　　For　if　

they　appreciated　the　originals　they　never　would　have　bought　the　

copies；　and　if　the　copies　pleased　them；　they　must　have　been　

incapable　of　enjoying　the　originals。　　Yet　all　these　people　thought　

themselves　perfectly　sincere。　　To…day　you　will　see　the　same　thing　

going　on　before　the　paintings　of　Claude　Monet　and　Besnard；　the　same　

admiration　expressed　by　people　who；　you　feel　perfectly　sure；　do　not　

realize　why　these　works　of　art　are　superior　and　can　no　more　explain　

to　you　why　they　think　as　they　do　than　the　sheep　that　follow　each　

other　through　a　hole　in　a　wall；　can　give　a　reason　for　their　

actions。



Dress　and　fashion　in　clothes　are　subjects　above　all　others；　where　

the　ineptitude　of　the　human　mind　is　most　evident。　　Can　it　be　

explained　in　any　other　way；　why　the　fashions　of　yesterday　always　

appear　so　hideous　to　us；　…　almost　grotesque？　　Take　up　an　old　album　

of　photographs　and　glance　over　the　faded　contents。　　Was　there　ever　

anything　so　absurd？　　Look　at　the　top　hats　men　wore；　and　at　the　

skirts　of　the　women！



The　mother　of　a　family　said　to　me　the　other　day：　〃When　I　recall　the　

way　in　which　girls　were　dressed　in　my　youth；　I　wonder　how　any　of　us　

ever　g