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ing　during　those　fatally　determined　thirteen　years。　Moreover；　he　pitched　a　camp　for　his　Ethiopian　army；　as　a　guard　to　king　Amenophis；　upon　the　borders　of　Egypt。　And　this　was　the　state　of　things　in　Ethiopia。　But　for　the　people　of　Jerusalem；　when　they　came　down　together　with　the　polluted　Egyptians；　they　treated　the　men　in　such　a　barbarous　manner；　that　those　who　saw　how　they　subdued　the　forementioned　country；　and　the　horrid　wickedness　they　were　guilty　of；　thought　it　a　most　dreadful　thing；　for　they　did　not　only　set　the　cities　and　villages　on　fire　but　were　not　satisfied　till　they　had　been　guilty　of　sacrilege；　and　destroyed　the　images　of　the　gods；　and　used　them　in　roasting　those　sacred　animals　that　used　to　be　worshipped；　and　forced　the　priests　and　prophets　to　be　the　executioners　and　murderers　of　those　animals；　and　then　ejected　them　naked　out　of　the　country。　It　was　also　reported　that　the　priest；　who　ordained　their　polity　and　their　laws；　was　by　birth　of　Hellopolls；　and　his　name　Osarsiph；　from　Osyris；　who　was　the　god　of　Hellopolls；　but　that　when　he　was　gone　over　to　these　people；　his　name　was　changed；　and　he　was　called　Moses。〃

27。　This　is　what　the　Egyptians　relate　about　the　Jews；　with　much　more；　which　I　omit　for　the　sake　of　brevity。　But　still　Manetho　goes　on；　that　〃after　this；　Amenophis　returned　back　from　Ethiopia　with　a　great　army；　as　did　his　son　Ahampses　with　another　army　also；　and　that　both　of　them　joined　battle　with　the　shepherds　and　the　polluted　people；　and　beat　them；　and　slew　a　great　many　of　them；　and　pursued　them　to　the　bounds　of　Syria。〃　These　and　the　like　accounts　are　written　by　Manetho。　But　I　will　demonstrate　that　he　trifles；　and　tells　arrant　lies；　after　I　have　made　a　distinction　which　will　relate　to　what　I　am　going　to　say　about　him；　for　this　Manetho　had　granted　and　confessed　that　this　nation　was　not　originally　Egyptian；　but　that　they　had　come　from　another　country；　and　subdued　Egypt；　and　then　went　away　again　out　of　it。　But　that。　those　Egyptians　who　were　thus　diseased　in　their　bodies　were　not　mingled　with　us　afterward；　and　that　Moses　who　brought　the　people　out　was　not　one　of　that　company；　but　lived　many　generations　earlier；　I　shall　endeavor　to　demonstrate　from　Manetho's　own　accounts　themselves。

28。　Now；　for　the　first　occasion　of　this　fiction；　Manetho　supposes　what　is　no　better　than　a　ridiculous　thing；　for　he　says　that〃　king　Amenophis　desired　to　see　the　gods。〃　What　gods；　I　pray；　did　he　desire　to　see？　If　he　meant　the　gods　whom　their　laws　ordained　to　be　worshipped；　the　ox；　the　goat；　the　crocodile；　and　the　baboon；　he　saw　them　already；　but　for　the　heavenly　gods；　how　could　he　see　them；　and　what　should　occasion　this　his　desire？　To　be　sure？　it　was　because　another　king　before　him　had　already　seen　them。　He　had　then　been　informed　what　sort　of　gods　they　were；　and　after　what　manner　they　had　been　seen；　insomuch　that　he　did　not　stand　in　need　of　any　new　artifice　for　obtaining　this　sight。　However；　the　prophet　by　whose　means　the　king　thought　to　compass　his　design　was　a　wise　man。　If　so；　how　came　he　not　to　know　that　such　his　desire　was　impossible　to　be　accomplished？　for　the　event　did　not　succeed。　And　what　pretense　could　there　be　to　suppose　that　the　gods　would　not　be　seen　by　reason　of　the　people's　maims　in　their　bodies；　or　leprosy？　for　the　gods　are　not　angry　at　the　imperfection　of　bodies；　but　at　wicked　practices；　and　as　to　eighty　thousand　lepers；　and　those　in　an　ill　state　also；　how　is　it　possible　to　have　them　gathered　together　in　one　day？　nay；　how　came　the　king　not　to　comply　with　the　prophet？　for　his　injunction　was；　that　those　that　were　maimed　should　be　expelled　out　of　Egypt；　while　the　king　only　sent　them　to　work　in　the　quarries；　as　if　he　were　rather　in　want　of　laborers；　than　intended　to　purge　his　country。　He　says　further；　that〃　this　prophet　slew　himself；　as　foreseeing　the　anger　of　the　gods；　and　those　events　which　were　to　come　upon　Egypt　afterward；　and　that　he　left　this　prediction　for　the　king　in　writing。〃　Besides；　how　came　it　to　pass　that　this　prophet　did　not　foreknow　his　own　death　at　the　first？　nay；　how　came　he　not　to　contradict　the　king　in　his　desire　to　see　the　gods　immediately？　how　came　that　unreasonable　dread　upon　him　of　judgments　that　were　not　to　happen　in　his　lifetime？　or　what　worse　thing　could　he　suffer；　out　of　the　fear　of　which　he　made　haste　to　kill　himself？　But　now　let　us　see　the　silliest　thing　of　all：　…　The　king；　although　he　had　been　informed　of　these　things；　and　terrified　with　the　fear　of　what　was　to　come；　yet　did　not　he　even　then　eject　these　maimed　people　out　of　his　country；　when　it　had　been　foretold　him　that　he　was　to　clear　Egypt　of　them；　but；　as　Manetho　says；　〃he　then；　upon　their　request；　gave　them　that　city　to　inhabit；　which　had　formerly　belonged　to　the　shepherds；　and　was　called　Avaris；　whither　when　they　were　gone　in　crowds；〃　he　says；　〃they　chose　one　that　had　formerly　been　priest　of　Hellopolls；　and　that　this　priest　first　ordained　that　they　should　neither　worship　the　gods；　nor　abstain　from　those　animals　that　were　worshipped　by　the　Egyptians；　but　should　kill　and　eat　them　all；　and　should　associate　with　nobody　but　those　that　had　conspired　with　them；　and　that　he　bound　the　multitude　by　oaths　to　be　sure　to　continue　in　those　laws；　and　that　when　he　had　built　a　wall　about　Avaris；　he　made　war　against　the　king。〃　Manetho　adds　also；　that　〃this　priest　sent　to　Jerusalem　to　invite　that　people　to　come　to　his　assistance；　and　promised　to　give　them　Avaris；　for　that　it　had　belonged　to　the　forefathers　of　those　that　were　coming　from　Jerusalem；　and　that　when　they　were　come；　they　made　a　war　immediately　against　the　king；　and　got　possession　of　all　Egypt。〃　He　says　also　that　〃the　Egyptians　came　with　an　army　of　two　hundred　thousand　men；　and　that　Amenophis；　the　king　of　Egypt；　not　thinking　that　he　ought　to　fight　against　the　gods；　ran　away　presently　into　Ethiopia；　and　committed　Apis　and　certain　other　of　their　sacred　animals　to　the　priests；　and　commanded　them　to　take　care　of　preserving　them。〃　He　says　further；　that〃　the　people　of　Jerusalem　came　accordingly　upon　the　Egyptians；　and　overthrew　their　cities；　and　burnt　their　temples；　and　slew　their　horsemen；　and；　in　short；　abstained　from　no　sort　of　wickedness　nor　barbarity；　and　for　that　priest　who　settled　their　polity　and　their　laws；〃　he　says；〃　he　was　by　birth　of　Hellopolis；　and　his　name　was　Osarsiph；　from　Osyris　the　god　of　Hellopolis；　but　that　he　changed　his　name；　and　called　himself　Moses。〃　He　then　says　that　〃on　the　thirteenth　year　afterward；　Amenophis；　according　to　the　fatal　time　of　the　duration　of　his　misfortunes；　came　upon　them　out　of　Ethiopia　with　a　great　army；　and　joining　battle　with　the　shepherds　and　with　the　polluted　people；　overcame　them　in　battle；　and　slew　a　great　many　of　them；　and　pursued　them　as　far　as　the　bounds　of　Syria。〃

29。　Now　Manetho　does　not　reflect　upon　the　improbability　of　his　lie；　for　the　leprous　people；　and　the　multitude　that　was　with　them；　although　they　might　formerly　have　been　angry　at　the　king；　and　at　those　that　had　treated　them　so　coarsely；　and　this　according　to　the　prediction　of　the　prophet；　yet　certainly；　when　they　were　come　out　of　the　mines；　and　had　received　of　the　king　a　city；　and　a　country；　they　would　have　grown　milder　towards　him。　However；　had　they　ever　so　much　hated　him　in　particular；　they　might　have　laid　a　private　plot　against　himself；　but　would　hardly　have　made　war　against　all　the　Egyptians；　I　mean　this　on　the　account　of　the　great　kindred　they　who　were　so　numerous　must　have　had　among　them。　Nay　still；　if　they　had　resolved　to　fight　with　the　men；　they　would　not　have　had　impudence　enough　to　fight　with　their　gods；　nor　would　they　have　ordained　laws　quite　contrary　to　those　of　their　own　country；　and　to　those　in　which　they　had　been　bred　up　themselves。　Yet　are　we　beholden　to　Manethe；　that　he　does　not　lay　the　principal　charge　of　this　horrid　transgression　upon　those　that　came　from　Jerusalem；　but　says　that　the　Egyptians　themselves　were　the　most　guilty；　and　that　they　were　their　priests　that　contrived　these　things；　and　made　the　multitude　take　their　oaths　for　doing　so。　But　still　how　absurd　is　it　to　suppose　that　none　of　these　people's　own　relations　or　friends　should　be　prevailed　with　to　revolt；　nor　to　undergo　the　hazards　of　war　with　them；　while　these　polluted　people　were　forced　to　send　to　Jerusalem；　and　bring　their　auxiliaries　from　thence！　What　friendship；　I　pray；　or　what　relation　was　there　formerly　between　them　that　required　this　assistance？　On　the　contrary；　these　people　were　enemies；　and　greatly　differed　from　them　in　their　customs。　He　says；　indeed；　that　they　complied　immediately；　upon　their　praising　them　that　they　should　conquer　Egypt；　as　if　they　did　not　themselves　very　well　know　that　country　out　of　which　they　had　been　driven　by　force。　Now　had　these　men　been　in　want；　or　lived　miserably；　perhaps　they　might　have　undertaken　so　hazardous　an　enterprise；　but　as　they　dwelt　in　a　happy　city；　and　had　a　large　country；　and　one　better　than　Egypt　itself；　how　came　it　about　that；　for　the　sake　of　those　that　had　of　old　been　their　enemies；　of　those　that　were　maimed　in　their　bodies；　and　of　those　whom　none　of　their　own　relations　would　endure；　they　should　run　such　hazards　in　assisting　them？　For　they　could　not　foresee　that　the　king　would　run　away　from　them：　on　the　contrary；　he　saith　himself　that　〃Amenophis's　son　had　three　hundred　thousand　men　with　him；　and　met　them　at　Pelusium。〃　Now；　to　be　sure；　those　that　came　could　not　be　ignorant　of　this；　but　for　the　king's　repentance　and　flight；　how　could　they　possibly　guess　at　it？　He　then　says；　that　〃those　who　came　from　Jerusalem；　and　made　this　invasion；　got　the　granaries　of　Egypt　into　their　possession；　and　perpetrated　many　of　the　most　horrid　actions　there。〃　And　thence　he　reproaches　them；　as　though　he　had　not　himself　introduced　them　as　enemies；　or　as　though　he　might　accuse　such　as　were　invited　from　another　place　for　so　doing；　when　the　natural　Egyptians　themselves　had　done　the　same　things　before　their　coming；　and　had　taken　oaths　so　to　do。　However；　〃Amenophis；　some　time　afterward；　came　upon　them；　and　conquered　them　in　battle；　and　slew　his　enemies；　and　drove　them　before　him　as　far　as　Syria。〃　As　if　Egypt　were　so　easily　taken　by　people　that　came　from　any　place　whatsoever；　and　as　if　those　that　had　conquered　it　by　war；　when　they　were　informed　that　Amenophis　was　alive；　did　neither　fortify　the　avenues　out　of　Ethiopia　into　it；　although　they　had　great　advantages　for　doing　it；　nor　did　get　their　other　forces　ready　for　their　defense！　but　that　he　followed　them　over　the　sandy　desert；　and　slew　them　as　far　as　Syria；　while　yet　it　is　rot　an　easy　thing　for　an　army　to　pass　over　that　country；　even　without　fighting。

30。　Our　nation；　therefore；　according　to　Manetho；　was　not　derived　from　Egypt；　nor　were　any　of　the　Egyptians　mingled　with　us。　For　it　is　to　be　supposed　that　many　of　the　leprous　and　distempered　people　were　dead　in　the　mines；　since　they　had　been　there　a　long　time；　and　in　so　ill　a　condition；　many　others　must　be　dead　in　the　battles　that　happened　afterward；　and　more　still　in　the　last　battle　and　flight　after　it。

31。　It　now　remains　that　I　debate　with　Manetho　about　Moses。　Now　the　Egyptians　acknowledge　him　to　have　been　a　wonderful　and　a　divine　person；　nay；　they　would　willingly　lay　claim　to　him　themselves；　though　after　a　most　abusive　and　incredible　manner；　and　pretend　that　he　was　of　Heliopolis；　and　one　of　the　priests