the life of flavius josephus-第13章

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me　to　the　end　of　his　life；　without　any　abatement　of　his　kindness
to　me；　which　very　thing　made　me　envied；　and　brought　me　into
danger；　for　a　certain　Jew；　whose　name　was　Jonathan；　who　had
raised　a　tumult　in　Cyrene；　and　had　persuaded　two　thousand　men　of
that　country　to　join　with　him；　was　the　occasion　of　their　ruin。
But　when　he　was　bound　by　the　governor　of　that　country；　and　sent
to　the　emperor；　he　told　him　that　I　had　sent　him　both　weapons　and
money。　However；　he　could　not　conceal　his　being　a　liar　from
Vespasian；　who　condemned　him　to　die；　according　to　which　sentence
he　was　put　to　death。　Nay；　after　that；　when　those　that　envied　my
good　fortune　did　frequently　bring　accusations　against　me；　by
God's　providence　I　escaped　them　all。　I　also　received　from
Vespasian　no　small　quantity　of　land；　as　a　free　gift；　in　Judea；
about　which　time　I　divorced　my　wife　also；　as　not　pleased　with　her
behavior；　though　not　till　she　had　been　the　mother　of　three
children；　two　of　whom　are　dead；　and　one　whom　I　named　Hyrcanus；　is
alive。　After　this　I　married　a　wife　who　had　lived　at　Crete；　but　a
Jewess　by　birth：　a　woman　she　was　of　eminent　parents；　and　such　as
were　the　most　illustrious　in　all　the　country；　and　whose　character
was　beyond　that　of　most　other　women；　as　her　future　life　did
demonstrate。　By　her　I　had　two　sons；　the　elder's　name　was　Justus；
and　the　next　Simonides；　who　was　also　named　Agrippa。　And　these
were　the　circumstances　of　my　domestic　affairs。　However；　the
kindness　of　the　emperor　to　me　continued　still　the　same；　for　when
Vespasian　was　dead；　Titus；　who　succeeded　him　in　the　government；
kept　up　the　same　respect　for　me　which　I　had　from　his　father；　and
when　I　had　frequent　accusations　laid　against　me；　he　would　not
believe　them。　And　Domitian；　who　succeeded；　still　augmented　his
respects　to　me；　for　he　punished　those　Jews　that　were　my　accusers；
and　gave　command　that　a　servant　of　mine；　who　was　a　eunuch；　and　my
accuser；　should　be　punished。　He　also　made　that　country　I　had　in
Judea　tax　free；　which　is　a　mark　of　the　greatest　honor　to　him　who
hath　it；　nay；　Domitia；　the　wife　of　Caesar；　continued　to　do　me
kindnesses。　And　this　is　the　account　of　the　actions　of　my　whole
life；　and　let　others　judge　of　my　character　by　them　as　they
please。　But　to　thee；　O　Epaphroditus；　（28）　thou　most　excellent　of
men！　do　I　dedicate　all　this　treatise　of　our　Antiquities；　and　so；
for　the　present；　I　here　conclude　the　whole。





Autobiography　Footnotes

（1）　We　may　hence　correct　the　error　of　the　Latin　copy　of　the
second　book　Against　Apion；　sect。　8；　（for　the　Greek　is　there
lost；）　which　says；　there　were　then　only　four　tribes　or　courses　of
the　priests；　instead　of　twenty…four。　Nor　is　this　testimony　to　be
disregarded；　as　if　Josephus　there　contradicted　what　he　had
affirmed　here；　because　even　the　account　there　given　better　agrees
to　twenty…four　than　to　four　courses；　while　he　says　that　each　of
those　courses　contained　above　5000　men；　which；　multiplied　by　only
four；　will　make　not　more　than　20；000　priests；　whereas　the　number
120；000；　as　multiplied　by　24；　seems　much　the　most　probable；　they
being　about　one…tenth　of　the　whole　people；　even　after　the
captivity。　See　Ezra　2：36…39；　Nehemiah　7：39…42；　1　Esdras　5：24；　25；
with　Ezra　2；64；　Nehemiah　7：66；　1　Esdras　5：41。　Nor　will　this
common　reading　or　notion　of　but　four　courses　of　priests；　agree
with　Josephus's　own　further　assertion　elsewhere；　Antiq。　B。　VII。
ch。　14。　sect。　7；　that　David's　partition　of　the　priests　into
twenty…four　courses　had　continued　to　that　day。

（2）　An　eminent　example　of　the　care　of　the　Jews　about　their
genealogies；　especially　as　to　the　priests。　See　Against　Ap。　B。　1
sect。　7。

（3）　When　Josephus　here　says；　that　from　sixteen　to　nineteen；　or
for　three　years；　he　made　trial　of　the　three　Jewish　sects；　the
Pharisees；　the　Sadducees；　and　the　Essens；　and　yet　says　presently；
in　all　our　copies；　that　he　stayed　besides　with　one　particular
ascetic；　called　Banus；　with　him；　and　this　still　before　he　was
nineteen；　there　is　little　room　left　for　his　trial　of　the　three
other　sects。　I　suppose；　therefore；　that　for；　with　him；　the　old
reading　might　be；　with　them；　which　is　a　very　small　emendation；
and　takes　away　the　difficulty　before　us。　Nor　is　Dr。　Hudson's
conjecture；　hinted　at　by　Mr。　Hall　in　his　preface　to　the　Doctor's
edition　of　Josephus；　at　all　improbable；　that　this　Banus；　by　this
his　description；　might　well　be　a　follower　of　John　the　Baptist；
and　that　from　him　Josephus　might　easily　imbibe　such　notions；　as
afterwards　prepared　him　to　have　a　favorable　opinion　of　Jesus
Christ　himself；　who　was　attested　to　by　John　the　Baptist。

（4）　We　may　note　here；　that　religious　men　among　the　Jews；　or　at
least　those　that　were　priests；　were　sometimes　ascetics　also；　and；
like　Daniel　and　his　companions　in　Babylon；　Daniel　1：8…16；　ate　no
flesh；　but　figs　and　nuts；　etc。　only。　This　was　like　the；　or
austere　diet　of　the　Christian　ascetics　in　Passion…week。
Constitut。　V。　18。

（5）　It　has　been　thought　the　number　of　Paul　and　his　companions　on
ship…board；　Acts　27：38；　which　are　276　in　our　copies；　are　too
many；　whereas　we　find　here；　that　Josephus　and　his　companions；　a
very　few　years　after　the　other；　were　about　600。

（6）　See　Jewish　War；　B。　II。　ch。　18。　sect。　3。

（7）　The　Jews　might　collect　this　unlawfulness　of　fighting　against
their　brethren　from　that　law　of　Moses；　Leviticus　19：16；　〃Thou
shalt　not　stand　against　the　blood　of　thy　neighbor；〃　and　that；
ver。　17；　〃Thou　shalt　not　avenge；　nor　bear　any　grudge　against　the
children　of　thy　people；　but　thou　shalt　love　thy　neighbor　as
thyself；〃　as　well　as　from　many　other　places　in　the　Pentateuch　and
Prophets。　See　Antiq。　B。　VIII。　ch。　8。　sect。　3。

（8）　That　this　Herod　Agrippa；　the　father；　was　of　old　called　a
Great　King；　as　here；　appears　by　his　coins　still　remaining；　to
which　Havercamp　refers　us。

（9）　The　famous　Jewish　numbers　of　twelve　and　seventy　are　here
remarkable。

（10）　Our　Josephus　shows；　both　here　and　every　where；　that　he　was　a
most　religious　person；　and　one　that　had　a　deep　sense　of　God　and
his　providence　upon　his　mind；　and　ascribed　all　his　numerous　and
wonderful　escapes　and　preservations；　in　times　of　danger；　to　God's
blessing　him；　and　taking　care　of　him；　and　this　on　account　of　his
acts　of　piety；　justice；　humanity；　and　charity；　to　the　Jews　his
brethren。

（11）　Josephus's　opinion　is　here　well　worth　noting：　…　That　every
one　is　to　be　permitted　to　worship　God　according　to　his　own
conscience；　and　is　not　to　be　compelled　in　matters　of　religion：　as
one　may　here　observe；　on　the　contrary；　that　the　rest　of　the　Jews
were　still　for　obliging　all　those　who　married　Jewesses　to　be
circumcised；　and　become　Jews；　and　were　ready　to　destroy　all　that
would　not　submit　to　do　so。　See　sect。　31；　and　Luke　11：54。

（12）　How　Josephus　could　say　here　that　the　Jewish　laws　forbade
them　to　〃spoil　even　their　enemies；　while　yet；　a　little　before　his
time；　our　Savior　had　mentioned　it　as　then　a　current　maxim　with
them；　〃Thou　shalt　love　thy　neighbor；　and　hate　thine　enemy；〃
Matthew　5：43；　is　worth　our　inquiry。　I　take　it　that　Josephus；
having　been　now　for　many　years　an　Ebionite　Christian；　had　learned
this　interpretation　of　the　law　of　Moses　from　Christ；　whom　he
owned　for　the　true　Melah；　as　it　follows　in　the　succeeding　verses；
which；　though　he　might　not　read　in　St。　Matthew's　Gospel；　yet
might　he　have　read　much　the　same　exposition　in　their　own　Ebionite
or　Nazarene　Gospel　itself；　of　which　improvements　made　by
Josephus；　after　he　was　become　a　Christian；　we　have　already　had
several　examples　in　this　his　life；　sect。　3；　13；　15；　19；　21；　23；
and　shall　have　many　more　therein　before　its　conclusion；　as　well
as　we　have　them　elsewhere　in　all　his　later　writings。

（13）　Here　we　may　observe　the　vulgar　Jewish　notion　of　witchcraft；
but　that　our　Josephus　was　too　wise　to　give　any　countenance　to　it。

（14）　In　this　section；　as　well　as　in　the　18　and　33。　those　small
vessels　that　sailed　on　the　sea　of　Galilee；　are　called　by
Josephus；　i。e。　plainly　ships；　so　that　we　need　not　wander　at　our
evangelists；　who　still　call　them　ships；　nor　ought　we　to　render
them　boats；　as　some　do；　Their　number　was　in　all　230；　as　we　learn
from　our　author　elsewhere。　Jewish　War。　B。　II。　ch。　21。　sect。　8。

（15）　Part　of　these　fortifications　on　Mount　Tabor　may　be　those
still　remaining；　and　which　were　seen　lately　by　Mr。　Maundrel。　See
his　Travels；　p。　112。

（16）　This　Gamaliel　may　be　the　very　same　that　is　mentioned　by　the
rabbins　in　the　Mishna；　in　Juchasin；　and　in　Porta　Mosis；　as　is
observed　in　the　Latin　notes。　He　might　be　also　that　Gamaliel　II。；
whose　grandfather　was　Gamaliel　I。；　who　is　mentioned　in　Acts　5：34；
and　at　whose　feet　St。　Paul　was　brought　up；　Acts　22：3。　See　Prid。
at　the　year　449。

（17）　This　Jonathan　is　also　taken　notice　of　in　the　Latin　notes；　as
the　same　that　is　mentioned　by　the　rabbins　in　Porta　Mosis。

（18）　This　I　take　to　be　the　first　of　Josephus's　remarkable　or
divine　dreams；　which　were　predictive　of　the　great　things　that
afterwards　came　to　pass；　of　which　see　more　in　the　note　on　Antiq。
B。　III。　ch。　8。　sect。　9。　The　other　is　in　the　War；　B。　III。　ch。　8。
sect。　3；　9。

（19）　Josephus's　directions　to　his　soldiers　here　are　much　the　same
that　John　the　Baptist　gave；　Luke　3：14；　〃Do　violence　to　no　man；
neither　accuse　any　falsely；　and　be　content　with　your　wages。〃
Whence　Dr。　Hudson　confirms　this　conjecture；　that　Josephus；　in
some　things；　was；　even　now；　a　follower　of　John　the　Baptist；　which
is　no　way　improbable。　See　the　note　on　sect。　2。

（20）　We　here　learn　the　practice　of　the　Jews；　in　the　days　of
Josephus；　to　inquire　into　the　characters　of　witnesses　before　they
were　admitted；　and　that　their　number　ought　to　be　three；　or　two　at
the　least；　also　exactly　as　in　the　law　of　Moses；　and　in　the
Apostolical　Constitutions；　B。　II。　ch。　37。　See　Horeb　Covenant
Revived；　page　97；　98。

（21）　This　appeal　to　the　whole　body　of　the　Galileans　by　Josephus；
and　the　testimony　they　gave　him　of　integrity　in　his　conduct　as
their　governor；　is　very　like　that　appeal　and　testimony　in　the
case　of　the　prophet　Samuel；　1　Samuel　12：1…5；　and　perhaps　was　done
by　Josephus　in　imitation　of　him。

（22）　It　is　worth　noting　here；　that　there　was　now　a　great
Proseucha；　or　place　of　prayer；　in　the　city　of　Tiberias　itself；
though　such　Proseucha　used　to　be　out　of　cities；　as　the　synagogues
were　within　them。　Of　them；　see　Le　Moyne　on　Polycarp's　Epistle；
page　76。　It　is　also　worth　our　remark；　that　the　Jews；　in　the　days
of　Josephus；　used　to　dine　at　the　sixth　hour；　or　noon；　and　that　in
obedience　to　their　notions　of　the　law　of　Moses　also。

（23）　One　may　observe　here；　that　this　lay　Pharisee；　Ananias；　is　we
have　seen　he　was；　sect。　39；　took　upon　him　to　appoint　a　fast　at
Tiberias；　and　was　obeyed；　though　indeed　it　was　not　out　of
religion；　but　knavish　policy。

（24）　The　character　of　this　history　of　Justus　of　Tiberias；　the
rival　of　our　Josephus；　which　is　now　lost；　with　its　only　remaining
fragment；　are　given　us　by　a　very　able　critic；　Photius；　who　read
that　history。　It　is　in　the　33rd　code　of　his　Bibliotheea；　and　runs
thus：　〃I　have　read　（says　Photius）　the　chronology　of　Justus　of
Tiberias；　whose　title　is　this；　＇The　Chronology　of＇　the　Kings　of
Judah　which　succeeded　one　another。　This　＇Justus＇　came　out　of　the
city　of　Tiberias　in　Galilee。　He　begins　his　history　from　Moses；
and　ends　it　not　till　the　deat