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the proposed territory of arizona(亚桑 那的预定疆界)-第3章


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therefore; seem to have skirted the boundary of a country once populous; 

and     worthy     of  becoming       so  again。    Besides     the   advantages      already 

enumerated;   the   mountains   in   this   vicinity   bear   indications   of   mineral 

wealth。 Vol。 3; p。 93。〃 

     The notes before referred to; in the possession of the writer; speak of 

great farming and grazing establishments scattered over the whole face of 

the Territory; between 1610 and 1800; which produced abundant crops of 

cereals;     fruits;  and    grapes。    These     statements     are   confirmed      by   the 

testimony of Major Emory and his report; where he enumerates several of 

the most extensiveby Gray; Bartlett; Parke; and Col。 Bonneville。 Many 

of   the   Ranches;     deserted    by   the  Mexicans      on  account     of  the  Apache 

Indians; have upon them large; well…built adobe houses which must have 

cost the builders thousands of dollars。 Many of these have been occupied 

under squatter titles by emigrants within the last few years。 Of others; only 

the ruins remain; having been destroyed by the depredations of the Indians; 

or by the heavy rains of the succeeding years。 

     The greater portion of these lands on the Santa Cruz and San Pedro are 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



covered by Mexican titles… ゛nd many of these again by squatter claims。 It 

is   absolutely   necessary   that   Congress   should   by   some   wise   and   speedy 

legislation settle; upon some definite basis; the land titles of Arizona。 Until 

this is done; disorder and anarchy will reign supreme over the country。 The 

present condition of California is in a great degree to be attributed to the 

want of any title to the most valuable real property in the State; and the 

millions which have been spent in fruitless litigation should teach a lesson 

of great practical value。 Let those Spanish grants and Mexican titles which 

have been occupied in good faith be affirmed in the most expeditious and 

economical manner to the claimants; and they will immediately pass into 

American   hands;   and   become   productive。   The   remainder   of   the   country 

should then be thrown open to settlers。 No better code of mining law exists 

than the Spanish; adopted in the Senate bill introduced by the late General 

Rusk; and passed at the last session of Congress。 A judicious and liberal 

donation      law;   giving    to   the  actual    settler   a  homestead;      and    to  the 

enterprising   miner   and   〃prospector〃   a   fair   security   for   the   fruit   of   his 

labors; will at once make of Arizona a popular; thriving and wealthy State; 

affording   new   markets   for   the   productions   of   our   Atlantic   States;   and 

yielding annually millions in silver and copper。 

     In   addition   to   the   produce   of Arizona;   the   immediate   vicinity   of   the 

agricultural region of Sonora affords an abundant market for all necessary 

supplies; including sugar; which is manufactured by the Mexicans in great 

quantities from the cane。 Guyamas; which one day will be ours; is one of 

the largest ports for the export of flour on the Pacific coast north of Chili。 

She also   exports several   millions   in silver   annually;  which   finds its  way 

direct   to   the   English   market。    Under   an    intelligent   system;     the  Sonora 

mines      would     yield   a   hundred     millions     a  year;   and    the   supply     is 

inexhaustible。      If  any    reader    doubts    this  statement;     refer   him    to  the 

statistics of Humboldt; Ward; and Wilson; most unquestioned and valuable 

authorities。 Both Humboldt and Ward note the fact that the silver deposites 

grow richer as they are traced farther North。 There can be no doubt that the 

most extensive and valuable mines; both of pure silver and silver mixed 

with copper and lead; are within the limits of Arizona。 

     The   yield   of   the   silver   mines   of   Mexico;   as   computed   by  Ward   and 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Humboldt   from   the   actual   official   returns   to   the   Government;   from   the 

conquest   to   1803;   amounts   to   the   enormous   sum   of   2;027;955;000;   or 

more than two BILLIONS Of dollars。 Again; Ward says: 〃I am aware that 

many   of   the   statements   in   this   and   the   preceding   books   respecting   the 

mineral riches of the North of New Spain; (Sonora; including the 'Gadsden 

Purchase;' Chihuahua; and Durango;) will be thought exaggerated。 THEY 

ARE NOT SO; they will be confirmed by every future report; and in after 

years; the public; FAMILIARIZED WITH facts which are only questioned 

because they are new; will wonder at its present incredulity; and regret the 

loss of advantages which may not always be within its reach。〃 

     Of the present mining operations in the Territory of Arizona; the most 

considerable;   in   point   of   labor   performed   and   results;   is   〃The   Arizona 

Copper      Mining     Co。〃   This    company      is  incorporated     by   the  California 

Legislature; with a capital of one million of dollars。 The President is Major 

Robert Allen; U。 S。 A。 The mines are old; and very celebrated in Mexico 

under the name of El…Ajo。 This company; at an expense of 100;000; have 

supplied      their  mines     with   an   abundance       of  water;    extracted    several 

hundred   tons   of  ore;  and   erected   buildings;  smelting   furnaces;  and   other 

appliances to facilitate their operations。 They employ about one hundred 

men;  mostly  Mexican   miners。 Their supplies of breadstuffs   and beef   are 

obtained by contract from Sonora。 These mines are situated one hundred 

and thirty miles from the mouth of the Gila River; and about sixty miles 

south of it。 The ore varies in richness from thirty to sixty per cent; and the 

proceeds of some sales in London were quoted as being the highest prices 

ever   paid   for   ore   in   that   market。   A   portion   of   this   mine   is   owned   by 

English capitalists; and it is without doubt one of the most valuable in the 

world。 The profits may be easily calculated; when it is known that the ore 

costs delivered in Swansea; England; not exceeding 125 per ton; and is 

worth from 200 to 375 per ton。 Of course these profits will be greatly 

increased when the company is in a position to smelt its ores at the mine。 

The Sonora Exploring and Mining Company was organized in 1856; with 

a   capital   of   two   million   dollars   (2;000;000)。   Its   principal   office   is   in 

Cincinnati;   Ohio;   and   its   seat   of   operations   at   Tubac;   in   the   Santa   Cruz 

valley。   This   company   is   managed   in   its   mining   operations   by   Chas。   D。 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Poston; Esq。; a gentleman of much experience on the Pacific coast; and of 

great energy of character。 

     The Rancho of Arivaca; containing several valuable silver mines; and 

seventeen   thousand   acres   of   valuable   land;   has   been   purchased   by   this 

company。   It   has   also   acquired   the   titles   to   a   number   of   other   valuable 

mines of galena ore; and copper containing silver and gold。 Hitherto; the 

exertions   of   the   company   have   been   directed   principally   to   explorations 

and   cleaning   out   the   old   mines;   but   they   have   at   present   above   ground; 

ready   for   smelting;   several   thousand   dollars   worth   of   their   ores。   Prof。 

Booth; U。 S。 Assayer; as well as other distinguished authorities; have; after 

thorough      experiment;       given    to  the   company      certificates    of   the  great 

richness of the ores already shipped to the east。 The annual report of the 

Sonora   Mining   Co。   is   full   of   interest   to   the   general   reader。   The   Sopori 

mine is another very valuable property。 It is owned by Messrs。 Douglass; 

Aldrich;      and    another。    Want     of   capital   has    prevented      the   extensive 

development   of   this   mine。   It   affords   its   proprietors   a   handsome   profit; 

worked in the smallest and cheapest manner。 The vein is of great size; has 

been traced several rods in length; and pays about one dollar to the pound 

of   ore。   The   writer   has   examined   specimens   from   the   〃Sopori;〃   taken   at 

random; and so rich is the ore that the native silver can be cut out of it with 

a  penknife;   as out   of   a   Mexican   dollar。  Undoubtedly  the  Sopori   mine   is 

destined to yield hundreds of millions。 It is a peculiarity of the ores in this 

district that they run near the surface; making mining of comparative small 

cost。 The Sopori mine is surrounded by a fine country; well watered and 

wooded。 The 〃Gadsonia Copper Mining Co。;〃 after taking out a few tons 

of   exceedingly  rich oreaveraging   over  eighty  per  cent。was obliged   to 

suspend   operations   on   account   of   the   cost   of   transportation。   When   the 

Territory shall be organized and capital protected by law; these mines will 

be    worked     to   advantage。     〃The     Gila   River    Copper     Mines〃     are   more 

favorably  situated   than   any  other   yet   opened;  being   directly  on   the   Gila 

River; only twenty…five miles from its mouth。 The ores can be taken from 

the mine; immediately shipped upon flat boats or a light draft steamer; and 

transported down the Colorado River to the head of the Gulf of California; 

when they can be transhipped to England at small cost。 Upwards of twenty 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



veins of copper ore have been opened; and the assays give results varying 

from 30 to 70 per cent。 These mines are owned by Messrs。 Hooper; Hinton; 

Halstead;      and   another。    Several    thousand     dollars    have    been    already 

expended in prospecting and opening veins; and it was anticipated by the 

proprietors that the first cargo would be shipped to Swansea; England; this 

year。 

     Smelting works will eventually be built at the mines; or at Colorado 

City;  opposite   Fort Yuma;   and the   profits   of this   company  must   be   very 

great。 The vicinity of the Colorado; and the abundance of wood and water; 

give the proprietors facilities for conducting their operations at small cost。 

     Silver mining is also carried on in the vicinity of Mesilla Valley; and 

near the Rio Grande。 Many other mining operations are constantly being 


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