the proposed territory of arizona(亚桑 那的预定疆界)-第3章
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therefore; seem to have skirted the boundary of a country once populous;
and worthy of becoming so again。 Besides the advantages already
enumerated; the mountains in this vicinity bear indications of mineral
wealth。 Vol。 3; p。 93。〃
The notes before referred to; in the possession of the writer; speak of
great farming and grazing establishments scattered over the whole face of
the Territory; between 1610 and 1800; which produced abundant crops of
cereals; fruits; and grapes。 These statements are confirmed by the
testimony of Major Emory and his report; where he enumerates several of
the most extensiveby Gray; Bartlett; Parke; and Col。 Bonneville。 Many
of the Ranches; deserted by the Mexicans on account of the Apache
Indians; have upon them large; well…built adobe houses which must have
cost the builders thousands of dollars。 Many of these have been occupied
under squatter titles by emigrants within the last few years。 Of others; only
the ruins remain; having been destroyed by the depredations of the Indians;
or by the heavy rains of the succeeding years。
The greater portion of these lands on the Santa Cruz and San Pedro are
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covered by Mexican titles… ゛nd many of these again by squatter claims。 It
is absolutely necessary that Congress should by some wise and speedy
legislation settle; upon some definite basis; the land titles of Arizona。 Until
this is done; disorder and anarchy will reign supreme over the country。 The
present condition of California is in a great degree to be attributed to the
want of any title to the most valuable real property in the State; and the
millions which have been spent in fruitless litigation should teach a lesson
of great practical value。 Let those Spanish grants and Mexican titles which
have been occupied in good faith be affirmed in the most expeditious and
economical manner to the claimants; and they will immediately pass into
American hands; and become productive。 The remainder of the country
should then be thrown open to settlers。 No better code of mining law exists
than the Spanish; adopted in the Senate bill introduced by the late General
Rusk; and passed at the last session of Congress。 A judicious and liberal
donation law; giving to the actual settler a homestead; and to the
enterprising miner and 〃prospector〃 a fair security for the fruit of his
labors; will at once make of Arizona a popular; thriving and wealthy State;
affording new markets for the productions of our Atlantic States; and
yielding annually millions in silver and copper。
In addition to the produce of Arizona; the immediate vicinity of the
agricultural region of Sonora affords an abundant market for all necessary
supplies; including sugar; which is manufactured by the Mexicans in great
quantities from the cane。 Guyamas; which one day will be ours; is one of
the largest ports for the export of flour on the Pacific coast north of Chili。
She also exports several millions in silver annually; which finds its way
direct to the English market。 Under an intelligent system; the Sonora
mines would yield a hundred millions a year; and the supply is
inexhaustible。 If any reader doubts this statement; refer him to the
statistics of Humboldt; Ward; and Wilson; most unquestioned and valuable
authorities。 Both Humboldt and Ward note the fact that the silver deposites
grow richer as they are traced farther North。 There can be no doubt that the
most extensive and valuable mines; both of pure silver and silver mixed
with copper and lead; are within the limits of Arizona。
The yield of the silver mines of Mexico; as computed by Ward and
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Humboldt from the actual official returns to the Government; from the
conquest to 1803; amounts to the enormous sum of 2;027;955;000; or
more than two BILLIONS Of dollars。 Again; Ward says: 〃I am aware that
many of the statements in this and the preceding books respecting the
mineral riches of the North of New Spain; (Sonora; including the 'Gadsden
Purchase;' Chihuahua; and Durango;) will be thought exaggerated。 THEY
ARE NOT SO; they will be confirmed by every future report; and in after
years; the public; FAMILIARIZED WITH facts which are only questioned
because they are new; will wonder at its present incredulity; and regret the
loss of advantages which may not always be within its reach。〃
Of the present mining operations in the Territory of Arizona; the most
considerable; in point of labor performed and results; is 〃The Arizona
Copper Mining Co。〃 This company is incorporated by the California
Legislature; with a capital of one million of dollars。 The President is Major
Robert Allen; U。 S。 A。 The mines are old; and very celebrated in Mexico
under the name of El…Ajo。 This company; at an expense of 100;000; have
supplied their mines with an abundance of water; extracted several
hundred tons of ore; and erected buildings; smelting furnaces; and other
appliances to facilitate their operations。 They employ about one hundred
men; mostly Mexican miners。 Their supplies of breadstuffs and beef are
obtained by contract from Sonora。 These mines are situated one hundred
and thirty miles from the mouth of the Gila River; and about sixty miles
south of it。 The ore varies in richness from thirty to sixty per cent; and the
proceeds of some sales in London were quoted as being the highest prices
ever paid for ore in that market。 A portion of this mine is owned by
English capitalists; and it is without doubt one of the most valuable in the
world。 The profits may be easily calculated; when it is known that the ore
costs delivered in Swansea; England; not exceeding 125 per ton; and is
worth from 200 to 375 per ton。 Of course these profits will be greatly
increased when the company is in a position to smelt its ores at the mine。
The Sonora Exploring and Mining Company was organized in 1856; with
a capital of two million dollars (2;000;000)。 Its principal office is in
Cincinnati; Ohio; and its seat of operations at Tubac; in the Santa Cruz
valley。 This company is managed in its mining operations by Chas。 D。
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Poston; Esq。; a gentleman of much experience on the Pacific coast; and of
great energy of character。
The Rancho of Arivaca; containing several valuable silver mines; and
seventeen thousand acres of valuable land; has been purchased by this
company。 It has also acquired the titles to a number of other valuable
mines of galena ore; and copper containing silver and gold。 Hitherto; the
exertions of the company have been directed principally to explorations
and cleaning out the old mines; but they have at present above ground;
ready for smelting; several thousand dollars worth of their ores。 Prof。
Booth; U。 S。 Assayer; as well as other distinguished authorities; have; after
thorough experiment; given to the company certificates of the great
richness of the ores already shipped to the east。 The annual report of the
Sonora Mining Co。 is full of interest to the general reader。 The Sopori
mine is another very valuable property。 It is owned by Messrs。 Douglass;
Aldrich; and another。 Want of capital has prevented the extensive
development of this mine。 It affords its proprietors a handsome profit;
worked in the smallest and cheapest manner。 The vein is of great size; has
been traced several rods in length; and pays about one dollar to the pound
of ore。 The writer has examined specimens from the 〃Sopori;〃 taken at
random; and so rich is the ore that the native silver can be cut out of it with
a penknife; as out of a Mexican dollar。 Undoubtedly the Sopori mine is
destined to yield hundreds of millions。 It is a peculiarity of the ores in this
district that they run near the surface; making mining of comparative small
cost。 The Sopori mine is surrounded by a fine country; well watered and
wooded。 The 〃Gadsonia Copper Mining Co。;〃 after taking out a few tons
of exceedingly rich oreaveraging over eighty per cent。was obliged to
suspend operations on account of the cost of transportation。 When the
Territory shall be organized and capital protected by law; these mines will
be worked to advantage。 〃The Gila River Copper Mines〃 are more
favorably situated than any other yet opened; being directly on the Gila
River; only twenty…five miles from its mouth。 The ores can be taken from
the mine; immediately shipped upon flat boats or a light draft steamer; and
transported down the Colorado River to the head of the Gulf of California;
when they can be transhipped to England at small cost。 Upwards of twenty
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veins of copper ore have been opened; and the assays give results varying
from 30 to 70 per cent。 These mines are owned by Messrs。 Hooper; Hinton;
Halstead; and another。 Several thousand dollars have been already
expended in prospecting and opening veins; and it was anticipated by the
proprietors that the first cargo would be shipped to Swansea; England; this
year。
Smelting works will eventually be built at the mines; or at Colorado
City; opposite Fort Yuma; and the profits of this company must be very
great。 The vicinity of the Colorado; and the abundance of wood and water;
give the proprietors facilities for conducting their operations at small cost。
Silver mining is also carried on in the vicinity of Mesilla Valley; and
near the Rio Grande。 Many other mining operations are constantly being