the city of domes-第18章

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〃　said　the　architect。　〃He　has　shown　that　originality　is　still　possible　in　architecture。〃

In　the　Court　of　the　Four　Seasons　we　watched　the　Emerald　Pool　turning　the　architecture　into　a　mermaids'　palace。　The　water　flowing　under　the　four　groups　of　the　seasons　shone　from　an　invisible　light　beneath；　coloring　it　a　rich　green。　〃When　Ryan　promised　to　illuminate　the　water　here　without　letting　the　source　of　the　light　be　seen；　it　was　thought　by　the　people　it　couldn't　be　done。〃　For　a　long　time　we　sat　in　front　of　the　lagoon　where　the　swans　were　silently　floating　and；　and　the　Palace　of　Fine　Arts　was　reproduced　with　a　deeper　mystery。　Now　we　could　feel　the　relation　between　the　colonnade　and　Gerome's　chariot　race。　〃It　would　please　Gerome　if　he　could　know　that　he　had　helped　to　inspire　so　magnificent　a　conception；〃　said　the　architect。　〃And　if　Boecklin　could　see　this　vision　and　hear　that　his　Island　of　the　Dead　had　started　Maybeck's　mind　thinking　of　it　he　would　probably　be　astonished　and　delighted　at　the　same　time。　With　his　fine　understanding　of　the　influences　operating　in　art　he　would　see　that　his　contribution　did　not　in　any　way　detract　from　Maybeck's　originality。　Down　the　centuries　minds　have　been　influencing　one　another　and；　in　this　way；　adding　to　the　sum　of　wisdom　and　beauty　in　the　world。　Now　and　then；　as　in　this　instance；　we　can　plainly　see　the　influences　at　work。　Behind　Boecklin　and　Gerome　there　were　doubtless　influences　that　led　to　their　making　those　two　pictures；　inspirations　from　nature　or　from　other　artists；　or　both　together。　And　this　palace　will　doubtless　inspire　many　another　noble　conception。〃

〃When　we　apply　that　thought　to　the　Exposition　as　a　whole；〃　I　said；　〃we　can　see　what　a　big　influence　it　is　likely　to　have　on　the　art　of　the　country。〃

〃It　has　undoubtedly　had　a　big　influence　already；　even　though　we　may　not　he　able；　as　yet；　to　see　it　working。　The　very　interest　the　Exposition　has；　aroused　in　the　people　that　come　here；　whether　they　are　artists　or　not；　can't　help　being　productive。〃



Seeing　the　Lights　Fade



We　went　over　to　the　South　Gardens　to　see　the　lights　change　on　the　Tower　of　Jewels；　passing　the　half…dome　of　Philosophy；　the　stained　glass　of　the　windows　enveiling　the　background。　They　were　still　robing　the　tower　in　pure　white；　and　the　hundred　thousand　pieces　of　Austrian　cut　glass　were　shimmering。　〃They　must　have　had　a　hard　time　getting　those　jewels　fastened　on　the　ornamentation　of　the　upper　tiers。　The　wind　up　there　is　very　strong。　Some　of　the　men　came　near　being　blown　off。　It　took　pretty　expert　acrobatic　work　to　hang　the　jewels　out　on　the　extreme　edges。

Suddenly　the　lights　on　the　tower　glowed　into　red。　The　tower　itself　seemed　to　become　thinner　and　finer　in　outline。

〃There　are　people　who　don't　like　this　color；〃　said　the　architect。　〃It's　fashionable　nowadays　to　feel　a　prejudice　against　red。　But　it　is　one　of　the　most　beautiful　colors　in　nature　and　one　of　nature's　greatest　favorites；　associated　with　fire　and　with　flowers。　To　me　the　tower　is　never　so　beautiful　as　it　is　when　the　red　light　seemed　to　burn　from　a　fire　inside。　See　how　it　tends　to　eliminate　the　superfluous　ornamentation。　It　brings　out　the　grace　of　line　in　the　upper　tiers；　like　folded　wings。　With　just　a　few　eliminations　the　improvement　in　that　tower　would　be　astonishing。〃

Presently　the　lights　in　the　tower　went　out　altogether。　The　four　Italian　towers　also　grew　dim。　It　was　getting　late。　People　were　hurrying　out。　But　we　lingered。　We　wished　to　see　this　city　of　domes　as　it　appeared　without　any　lights　at　all；　except　for　those　that　were　kept　burning　to　meet　the　requirements　of　the　law。

For　an　hour　we　roamed　about　the　deserted　place。　Here　and　there　we　would　meet　a　belated　visitor　or　a　group　of　people　from　some　indoor　festivity。

The　material　had　taken　on　a　finer　quality。　It　looked　like　stone。　Wonderful　as　the　Exposition　was　by　day　and　in　the　evening；　it　was　far　more　wonderful　at　this　hour。

Now　it　was　easy　to　imagine　the　scene　as　a　city；　with　the　inhabitants　asleep　in　their　beds。　But　just　what　kind　of　city　it　was　I　could　not　make　up　my　mind。　When　I　expressed　this　thought　to　the　architect；　he　said：

〃Have　you　ever　seen　David　Roberts'　big　illustrated　volumes；　'Travels　in　the　Holy　Land'？　If　you　haven't；　look　them　up。　Then　you　will　see　what　kind　of　a　city　this　city　is。　It's　a　city　of　Palestine。　It's　Jerusalem　and　Jaffa　and　Akka　all　over　again。〃



Features　that　Ought　to　be　Noted　by　Day



The　South　Gardens



Hedge。　Idea　suggested　by　W。　B。　Faville；　of　Bliss　&　Faville；　architects；　of　San　Francisco；　and　developed　by　John　McLaren；　landscape　gardener　and　superintendent　of　the　Golden　Gate　Park；　San　Francisco；　to　give　impression　of　old　English　wall。　African　dew　plant　grown　in　shallow　boxes；　two　inches　deep；　covered　with　wire　netting。

Design　of　entrance　at　Scott　Street；　by　Joseph　J。　Rankin。

South　Gardens；　French　in　character；　with　suggestions　of　Spanish。　Planting　by　John　McLaren。

In　center；　〃Fountain　of　Energy；〃　by　A。　Stirling　Calder；　acting　chief　of　sculpture；　French　influence。　Expresses　triumph　of　energy　that　built　the　canal。　Youth　on　horseback；　standing　in　stirrups；　〃Energy。〃　Figures　on　shoulders；　〃Fame〃　and　〃Valor。〃　Figures　on　globe；　two　hemispheres；　Western；　bull…man；　Eastern；　lioness…woman。　Figures　on　base；　sea…spirits。　Upright　figure　on　globe；　Panama。　Large　figures　in　pool；　the　oceans：　The　Atlantic；　a　woman　with　coral　in　her　hair；　riding　on　back　of　armored　fish；　North　Sea；　an　Eskimo　hunting　on　back　of　walrus；　Pacific；　a　woman　on　back　of　large　sea　lion；　and　South　Sea；　a　negro　on　back　of　trumpeting　sea…elephant。　Sea…maidens　on　dolphins'　backs；　in　pool。

To　right　and　left；　in　front　of　Festival　Hall；　and　Horticultural　Palace；　at　ends　of　long　pools；　French　fountain　of　〃The　Mermaid；〃　figure；　by　Arthur　Putnam；　of　San　Francisco。

To　right；　large　building；　Festival　Hall；　by　Robert　Farquhar；　of　Los　Angeles；　French　theatre　architecture。　Studied　from　the　theatres　of　the　Beaux　Arts　style　of　French　architecture。　Details；　French　Renaissance　developed　from　the　Italian　influence。

To　right；　Press　Building；　designed　and　built　by　the　Exposition；　Harris　H。　D。　Connick；　Director　of　Works。

To　left；　large　building；　Palace　of　Horticulture；　Bakewell　&　Brown；　architects。

To　left；　Young　Women's　Christian　Association。

French　light　standards；　by　Walter　D'Arcy　Ryan　and　P。　E。　Denneville。

French　ornamental　vases；　filled　with　flowers；　by　E。　F。　Champney。

The　wall；　by　Faville；　with　ornamental　Spanish　entrances；　runs　around　main　courts　and　palaces；　making　the　walled　city。　Tiled　roofs　suggesting　mission　architecture；　associated　with　early　California　missions；　a　style　developed　from　the　Spanish。

Four　smaller　towers；　two　on　either　side　of　large　tower；　by　George　W。　Kelham；　of　San　Francisco；　Italian　Renaissance。

Sand　on　walks；　selected　by　Jules　Guerin　for　its　pink　color　to　harmonize　with　color　scheme。　Binds　together　buildings；　its　pink　harmonizing　with　pink　of　walls。　Grains　of　sand　in　walks　translucent。

Flag　poles；　ornamented　with　gilt　star；　by　Faville。　Orange…colored　streamers　by　Guerin。

Heraldic　designs　related　to　history　of　Pacific　Coast；　by　Ryan。

Thoroughfare　running　along　wall　and　lined　with　palms；　Avenue　of　Palms。

Equestrian　statue；　to　right　of　Tower　of　Jewels；　by　Charles　Niehaus；　〃Cortez；〃　conquerer　of　Mexico。

Equestrian　statue；　to　left；　by　Charles　Cary　Rumsey；　〃Pizarro；〃　conqueror　of　Peru。　Fine　in　action　and　spirit。



Tower　of　Jewels



Main　tower　breaking　southern　wall；　facing　South　Gardens；　the　Tower　of　Jewels；　by　Thomas　Hastings；　of　Carrere　&　Hastings；　New　York。　Developed　from　Italian　Renaissance　architecture；　with　Byzantine　modifications；　and　designed　to　suggest　an　Aztec　tower；　433　feet　high；　original　intention　to　make　it　100　feet　higher。

Inscriptions　on　wall　at　base　of　tower　chosen　by　Porter　Garnett　of　Berkeley；　explain　steps　that　led　to　building　of　Panama　Canal；　celebrated　by　Exposition。　On　both　sides　of　inscriptions　Roman　fasces　denoting　public　authority。　From　left　to　right：　〃1501　Rodrigo　de　Bastides　pursuing　his　course　beyond　the　West　Indies　discovers　Panama〃；　〃1513　Vasco　Nunes　de　Balboa　crosses　the　Isthmus　of　Panama　and　discovers　the　Pacific　Ocean〃；　〃1904　the　United　States；　succeeding　France；　begins　operations　on　the　Panama　Canal〃；　〃1915　the　Panama　Canal　is　opened　to　the　commerce　of　the　world。〃

Large　Composite　columns　on　base。　Arched　capitals　with　acanthus；　ornamented　with　the　American　eagle；　the　nude　figure　of　child；　and　ornamental　design　suggesting　California　fruits。　Colored　to　resemble　Sienna　marble。

Corinthian　columns　at　either　side；　eagles　at　corners　of　capital；　human　head　above。

Figures　by　John　Flanagan；　of　New　York；　represent　types　in　early　California　history：　Spanish　adventurer　of　sixteenth　century；　who　came　to　California　and　started　Spanish　influence；　priest；　who　brought　the　Catholic　religion　to　California　Indians；　philosopher；　or　scholar　and　teacher；　and　the　Spanish　warrior；　the　soldier　of　sixteenth　century；　who　came　to　win　territory　for　Spanish　king。　Above　cornice　of　tower　stand　four　figures　on　each　of　the　four　sides；　twice　life…size。

Between　statues　by　Flanagan；　square　decorative　panels；　youthful　figures　with　wreath；　repeated　on　north　of　tower。　Designed　by　Hastings；　modelled　by　Newman　and　Evans；　New　York。

Armored　horsemen　on　terrace；　by　F。　M。　L。　Tonetti；　type　of　Spanish　soldier。　Repeated　four　times　on　each　side。　Well　modeled；　but　damaged　in　effect　by　being　placed　in　row。

Rows　of　eagles　on　niches　of　tower；　symbol　of　American　initiative。

Decorative　vase　on　wings　of　tower；　Italian。　Use　of　ram's　head　below　bowl。

Wreaths　of　laurel　under　eagles；　rewards　of　courage；　suggesting　triumph　of　building　canal。

Prows　of　triremes；　at　corners　on　third　lift；　denoting　worldwide　commerce。

Ornamental　use　of　niches；　columns；　vases；　head…piece；　breastplates；　shields；　the　pagan　bull；　Cleopatra's　Needle。

Human　figures　supporting　globe；　encircled　with　girdle；　point　of　tower；　suggest　Atlas；　ancient　idea；　somewhat　like　the　group　of　the　four　quarters　of　the　world　by　Jean　Baptiste　Carbeaux　in　the　gardens　of　the　Luxembourg。

Tower　broken　into　seven　stages。　Horizontal　lines　have　flattening　effect；　tower　does　not　appear　so　high　as　it　really　is。

One　hundred　and　thirty…five　thousand　jewels　on　tower；　suspended　to　vibrate。　Ruby；　emerald；　aquamarine；　white；　yellow。　Made　in　Austria；　of　Sumatra　stone。

Arch　of　Tower　of　Jewels；　110　feet　high；　60　feet　broad；　fine　example　of　Roman　arch；　like　Arch　of　Constantine　and　Arch　of　Titus。

Figure　of　Minerva　on　centerpiece　of　arch；　north　and　south。

Recessed　or　coffered　panels　in　ceiling；　richly　colored；　blue　harmonizing　with　murals　on　east　and　west　walls。

Murals　by　William　de　Leftwich　Dodge；　of　New　York。　To　west；　〃Atlantic　and　the　Pacific；〃　with　the　〃Purchase〃　to　right；　and　the　〃Discovery〃　to　left。　Opposite；　〃Gateway　of　All　Nations；〃　with　〃Labor　Crowned〃　and　the　〃Achievement〃　on　sides。　Tone　of　murals　strengthens　arch。　Subjects　related　to　history　of　California　and　the　Panama　Canal。

Fountains；　one　in　each　of　the　colonnades。　To　right；　〃Fountain　of　Youth；〃　by　Mrs。　Edith　Woodman　Burroughs；　of　Flushing；　New　York。　Figure　of　girl；　simple　and　well…modeled；　panels　at　either　side　show　boats；　youth　rowing　the　older　people；　eagle　and　laurel　wreath　at　back；　suggest　that　central