战争与和平(上)-第157章

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inty；　confusion；　and　feebleness。
The　members　of　this　party　thought　and　said　that　the　whole　evil　was　primarily　due　to　the　presence　of　the　Tsar　with　his　military　court　in　the　army；　that　it　brought　into　the　army　that　indefinite；　conditional；　and　fluctuating　uncertainty　of　relations　which　is　in　place　in　a　court；　but　mischievous　in　an　army；　that　it　was　for　the　Tsar　to　govern　and　not　to　lead　his　troops；　that　the　only　escape　from　the　position　was　the　departure　of　the　Tsar　and　his　court　from　the　army；　that　the　simple　presence　of　the　Tsar　paralysed　fifty　thousand　troops；　which　must　be　retained　to　secure　his　personal　safety；　that　the　worst　commander…in…chief；　acting　independently；　would　be　better　than　the　best　commander…in…chief　with　his　hands　tied　by　the　presence　and　authority　of　the　Tsar。
While　Prince　Andrey　was　staying；　with　nothing　to　do；　at　Drissa；　Sishkov；　the　secretary　of　state；　one　of　the　leading　representatives　of　this　last　group；　wrote　to　the　Tsar　a　letter　to　which　Balashov　and　Araktcheev　agreed　to　add　their　signatures。　In　this　letter　he　took　advantage　of　the　Tsar’s　permitting　him　to　offer　his　opinion　on　the　general　question；　and　respectfully　suggested　the　sovereign’s　leaving　the　army；　urging　as　a　pretext　for　his　doing　so　the　absolute　necessity　of　his　presence　to　rouse　public　feeling　in　the　capital。
To　appeal　to　the　people；　and　to　rouse　them　in　defence　of　their　fatherland；　was　represented　as　urgently　necessary　to　the　Tsar；　and　was　accepted　by　him　as　a　sufficient　reason　for　leaving。　The　outburst　of　patriotism　that　followed　that　appeal　（so　far　indeed　as　it　can　be　said　to　have　been　produced　by　the　Tsar’s　visit　to　Moscow）　was　the　principal　cause　of　the　subsequent　triumph　of　Russia。


Chapter　10
THIS　LETTER　had　not　yet　been　given　to　the　Tsar；　when　Barclay；　at　dinner　one　day；　informed　Bolkonsky　that　his　majesty　would　be　graciously　pleased　to　see　Prince　Andrey　in　person；　to　ask　him　some　questions　about　Turkey；　and　that　Prince　Andrey　was　to　present　himself　at　Bennigsen’s　quarters　at　six　o’clock　in　the　evening。
That　day　news　had　reached　the　Tsar’s　quarters　of　a　fresh　advance　on　Napoleon’s　part　that　might　be　regarded　as　menacing　the　army—news　that　turned　out　in　the　sequel　to　be　false。　And　that　morning　Colonel　Michaud　had　accompanied　the　Tsar　on　a　tour　of　inspection　about　the　Drissa　fortifications；　and　had　tried　to　convince　the　Tsar　that　the　fortified　camp；　constructed　on　Pfuhl’s　theory；　and　hitherto　regarded　as　the　chef　d’？uvre　of　tactical　science；　destined　to　overthrow　Napoleon—that　that　camp　was　a　senseless　absurdity　that　would　lead　to　the　destruction　of　the　Russian　army。
Prince　Andrey　arrived　at　Bennigsen’s　quarters；　a　small　manor…house　on　the　very　bank　of　the　river。　Neither　Bennigsen　nor　the　Tsar　was　there；　but　Tchernishev；　the　Tsar’s　aide…de…camp；　received　Bolkonsky；　and　informed　him　that　the　Tsar　had　set　off　with　General　Bennigsen　and　Marchese　Paulucci　to　make　his　second　inspection　that　day　of　the　fortifications　of　the　Drissa　camp；　of　the　utility　of　which　they　were　beginning　to　entertain　grave　doubts。
Tchernishev　sat　in　the　window　of　the　outer　room　with　a　French　novel。　This　room　had　once　probably　been　the　main　hall；　there　was　still　an　organ　in　it；　on　which　were　piled　rugs　of　some　sort；　and　in　the　corner　of　the　room　was　a　folding　bedstead　belonging　to　Bennigsen’s　adjutant。　The　owner　of　the　bedstead；　too；　was　there。　Apparently　exhausted　by　work　or　festivities；　he　sat　dozing　on　the　folded　bed。　Two　doors　led　from　the　room：　one　straight　in　front　opening　into　the　drawing…room；　another　on　the　right　opening　into　the　study。　From　the　first　door　came　the　sound　of　voices　speaking　German　and　occasionally　French。　In　the　drawing…room　there　was　being　held；　by　the　Tsar’s　desire；　not　a　military　council—the　Tsar　loved　to　have　things　vague—but　a　meeting　of　a　few　persons；　whose　opinions　he　wished　to　hear　in　the　present　difficult　position。　It　was　not　a　military　council；　but　a　sort　of　council　for　the　elucidation　of　certain　questions　for　the　benefit　of　the　Tsar　personally。　To　this　sort　of　semi…council　had　been　bidden　the　Swedish　general；　Armfeldt；　the　general　on　the　staff　Woltzogen；　Wintzengerode　（whom　Napoleon　had　called　a　renegade　French　subject）；　Michaud；　Toll；　Count　Stein—by　no　means　a　military　man—and　finally　Pfuhl；　who　was；　so　Prince　Andrey　had　heard；　la　cheville　ouvrière　of　everything。　Prince　Andrey　had　the　opportunity　of　getting　a　good　view　of　him；　as　Pfuhl　came　in　shortly　after　his　arrival　and　stopped　for　a　minute　to　say　a　few　words　to　Tchernishev　before　going　on　into　the　drawing…room。
At　the　first　glance　Pfuhl；　in　his　badly　cut　uniform　of　a　Russian　general；　which　looked　out　of　keeping；　like　some　fancy　dress　costume　on　him；　seemed　to　Prince　Andrey　like　a　familiar　figure；　though　he　had　never　seen　him　before。　He　was　of　the　same　order　as　Weierother；　and　Mack；　and　Schmidt；　and　many　other　German　generals；　men　of　theory；　whom　Prince　Andrey　had　seen　in　the　war　of　1808；　but　he　was　a　more　perfect　type　of　the　class　than　any　of　them。　Such　a　typical　German　theorist；　combining　in　himself　all　the　characteristics　of　those　other　Germans；　Prince　Andrey　had　never　seen　before。
Pfuhl　was　short　and　very　thin；　but　broad…boned；　of　a　coarsely　robust　build；　with　broad　hips　and　projecting　shoulder…blades。　His　face　was　wrinkled；　he　had　deep…set　eyes；　his　hair　had　obviously　been　hastily　brushed　smooth　in　front；　but　stuck　out　behind　in　quaint　wisps。　Looking　nervously　and　irritably　about　him；　he　walked　in　as　though　he　were　afraid　of　everything　in　the　great　room　he　had　entered。　With　a　clumsy　gesture；　holding　his　sword；　he　turned　to　Tchernishev；　asking　him　where　the　Tsar　was。　He　was　unmistakably　eager　to　get　through　the　rooms；　to　get　the　bows　and　greetings　over　as　quickly　as　possible；　and　to　sit　down　to　work　at　a　map；　where　he　would　feel　at　home。　He　gave　a　hurried　nod　in　response　to　Tchernishev’s　words；　and　smiled　ironically　on　hearing　that　the　Tsar　was　inspecting　the　fortifications　that　he；　Pfuhl；　had　planned　in　accordance　with　his　theory。　He　muttered　something　in　the　jerky　bass；　in　which　conceited　Germans　often　speak；　“silly　fool…”　or　“damn　the　whole　business…”　or　“some　idiocy’s　sure　to　come　of　that。”　Prince　Andrey　did　not　catch　his　words；　and　would　have　passed　on；　but　Tchernishev　introduced　him　to　Pfuhl；　observing　that　he　had　just　come　from　Turkey；　where　the　war　had　been　so　successfully　concluded。　Pfuhl　barely　glanced；　not　at；　but　across　Prince　Andrey；　and　commented；　laughing：　“A　model　that　war　must　have　been　of　every　principle　of　tactics！”　And；　laughing　contemptuously；　he　went　on　into　the　room；　from　which　the　sound　of　voices　came。
It　was　evident　that　Pfuhl—disposed　at　all　times　to　be　irritable　and　sarcastic—was　that　day　particularly　irritated　at　their　having　dared　to　inspect　his　camp　and　to　criticise　it　without　him。　Thanks　to　his　Austerlitz　experiences；　Prince　Andrey　could　from　this　one　brief　interview　form　a　clear　idea　of　the　man’s　character。　Pfuhl　was　one　of　those　hopelessly；　immutably　conceited　men；　ready　to　face　martyrdom　for　their　own　ideas；　conceited　as　only　Germans　can　be；　just　because　it　is　only　a　German’s　conceit　that　is　based　on　an　abstract　idea—science；　that　is；　the　supposed　possession　of　absolute　truth。　The　Frenchman　is　conceited　from　supposing　himself　mentally　and　physically　to　be　inordinately　fascinating　both　to　men　and　to　women。　An　Englishman　is　conceited　on　the　ground　of　being　a　citizen　of　the　best…constituted　state　in　the　world；　and　also　because　he　as　an　Englishman　always　knows　what　is　the　correct　thing　to　do；　and　knows　that　everything　that　he；　as　an　Englishman；　does　do　is　indisputably　the　correct　thing。　An　Italian　is　conceited　from　being　excitable　and　easily　forgetting　himself　and　other　people。　A　Russian　is　conceited　precisely　because　he　knows　nothing　and　cares　to　know　nothing；　since　he　does　not　believe　it　possible　to　know　anything　fully。　A　conceited　German　is　the　worst　of　them　all；　and　the　most　hardened　of　all；　and　the　most　repulsive　of　all；　for　he　imagines　that　he　possesses　the　truth　in　a　science　of　his　own　invention；　which　is　to　him　absolute　truth。
Pfuhl　was　evidently　one　of　these　men。　He　had　a　science—the　theory　of　the　oblique　attack—which　he　had　deduced　from　the　wars　of　Frederick　the　Great；　and　everything　he　came　across　in　more　recent　military　history　seemed　to　him　imbecility；　barbarism；　crude　struggles　in　which　so　many　blunders　were　committed　on　both　sides　that　those　wars　could　not　be　called　war　at　all。　They　had　no　place　in　his　theory　and　could　not　be　made　a　subject　for　science　at　all。
In　1806　Pfuhl　had　been　one　of　those　responsible　for　the　plan　of　campaign　that　ended　in　Jena　and　Auerstadt。　But　in　the　failure　of　that　war　he　did　not　see　the　slightest　evidence　of　the　weakness　of　his　theory。　On　the　contrary；　the　whole　failure　was　to　his　thinking　entirely　due　to　the　departures　that　had　been　made　from　his　theory；　and　he　used　to　say　with　his　characteristic　gleeful　sarcasm：　“Didn’t　I　always　say　the　whole　thing　was　going　to　the　devil？”　Pfuhl　was　one　of　those　theorists　who　so　love　their　theory　that　they　lose　sight　of　the　object　of　the　theory—its　application　to　practice。　His　love　for　his　theory　led　him　to　hate　all　practical　considerations；　and　he　would　not　hear　of　them。　He　positively　rejoiced　in　failure；　for　failure；　being　due　to　some　departure　in　practice　from　the　purity　of　the　abstract　theory；　only　convinced　him　of　the　correctness　of　his　theory。
He　said　a　few　words　about　the　present　war　to　Prince　Andrey　and　Tchernishev　with　the　expression　of　a　man　who　knows　beforehand　that　everything　will　go　wrong；　and　is　not；　indeed；　displeased　at　this　being　so。　The　uncombed　wisps　of　hairs　sticking　out　straight　from　his　head　behind；　and　the　hurriedly　brushed　locks　in　front；　seemed　to　suggest　this　with　a　peculiar　eloquence。
He　went　on　into　the　next　room；　and　the　querulous　bass　notes　of　his　voice　were　at　once　audible　there。


Chapter　11
PRINCE　ANDREY　had　hardly　seen　the　last　of　Pfuhl　when　Count　Bennigsen　came　hurrying　into　the　room；　and　bestowing　a　nod　on　Bolkonsky；　went　straight　through　to　the　study；　giving　some　instruction　to　his　adjutant。　The　Tsar　was　following　him；　and　Bennigsen　had　hurried　on　to　prepare　something；　and　to　be　in　readiness　to　meet　him。　Tchernishev　and　Prince　Andrey　went　out　into　the　porch。　The　Tsar；　looking　tired　out；　was　dismounting　from　his　horse。　Marchese　Paulucci　was　saying　something　to　him。　Turning　his　head　to　the　left；　the　Tsar　was　listening　with　a　look　of　displeasure　to　Paulucci；　who　was　speaking　with　peculiar　warmth。　The　Tsar　moved；　evidently　anxious　to　end　the　conversation；　but　the　Italian；　flushed　and　excited；　followed　him；　still　talking；　and　oblivious　of　etiquette。
“As　for　the　man　who　has　counselled　the　camp　at　Drissa；”　Paulucci　was　saying　just　as　the　Tsar；　mounting　the　steps　and　noticing　Prince　Andrey；　was　looking　more　intently　at　his　unfamiliar　face。　“As　for　him；　sire；”　Paulucci　persisted　desperately；　as　though　unable　to　restrain　himself；　“I　see　no　alternative　but　the　madhouse　or　the　gallows。”
Not　attending；　and　appearing　not　to　hear　the　Italian；　the　Tsar　recognised　Bolkonsky　and　addressed　him　graciously：
“I　am　very　glad　to　see　you。　Go　in　where　they　are　meeting　and　wait　for　me。”
The　Tsar　passed　on　into　the　study。　He　was　followed　by　Prince　Pyotr　Mihalovitch　Volkonsky　and　Baron　Stein；　and　t