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The¡¡Chignecto¡¡Isthmus¡¡And¡¡Its¡¡First¡¡Settlers

by¡¡Howard¡¡Trueman

1902




PREFACE¡£

For¡¡some¡¡years¡¡past¡¡I£»¡¡in¡¡common¡¡with¡¡many¡¡others£»¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡all¡¡letters¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡and¡¡accessible¡¡facts¡¡in¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡the¡¡early¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Truemans¡¡should¡¡be¡¡collected¡¡and¡¡put¡¡in¡¡permanent¡¡form£»¡¡not¡¡because¡¡there¡¡is¡¡anything¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡to¡¡the¡¡general¡¡public¡¡in¡¡the¡¡records¡¡of¡¡a¡¡family¡¡whose¡¡members¡¡have¡¡excelled£»¡¡if¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡in¡¡private¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡in¡¡public¡¡life£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡the¡¡little¡¡knowledge¡¡there¡¡is¡¡of¡¡the¡¡early¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡family¡¡might¡¡not¡¡pass¡¡forever¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reach¡¡of¡¡later¡¡generations¡¡with¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡those¡¡whose¡¡memory¡¡carries¡¡them¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡original¡¡settlers¡£¡¡In¡¡getting¡¡together¡¡material¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡the¡¡work£»¡¡numbers¡¡of¡¡interesting¡¡facts¡¡concerning¡¡other¡¡families¡¡came¡¡inevitably¡¡to¡¡light¡£¡¡In¡¡order¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡these¡¡facts£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡give¡¡the¡¡book¡¡a¡¡slightly¡¡wider¡¡interest£»¡¡I¡¡decided¡¡to¡¡write¡¡a¡¡short¡¡history¡¡of¡¡those¡¡families¡¡connected¡¡by¡¡marriage¡¡with¡¡the¡¡first¡¡and¡¡second¡¡generations¡¡of¡¡Truemans£»¡¡and¡¡also£»¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡material¡¡was¡¡available£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡settlers¡¡in¡¡the¡¡old¡¡township¡¡of¡¡Cumberland£»¡¡which¡¡now¡¡includes¡¡the¡¡settlements¡¡of¡¡Fort¡¡Lawrence£»¡¡Westmoreland¡¡Point£»¡¡Point¡¡de¡¡Bute£»¡¡Jolicure£»¡¡Bay¡¡Road£»¡¡Bay¡¡Verte£»¡¡Upper¡¡Tidnish¡¡and¡¡Port¡¡Elgin¡£¡¡Finally£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡setting¡¡for¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡prefaced¡¡these¡¡records¡¡with¡¡a¡¡brief¡¡outline¡¡of¡¡the¡¡early¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Isthmus¡£

That¡¡the¡¡work¡¡falls¡¡far¡¡below¡¡the¡¡ideal¡¡goes¡¡without¡¡saying¡£¡¡Anyone¡¡who¡¡has¡¡made¡¡the¡¡effort¡¡to¡¡collect¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡local¡¡history¡¡knows¡¡how¡¡difficult¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡get¡¡reliable¡¡information¡£¡¡In¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡case¡¡where¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡conflict¡¡of¡¡opinion¡¡I¡¡have¡¡endeavored¡¡to¡¡verify¡¡my¡¡facts¡¡by¡¡light¡¡thrown¡¡on¡¡them¡¡from¡¡different¡¡directions£»¡¡but¡¡doubtless¡¡mistakes¡¡will¡¡be¡¡found¡£¡¡By¡¡keeping¡¡the¡¡work¡¡in¡¡preparation¡¡for¡¡a¡¡longer¡¡time£»¡¡more¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡could¡¡certainly¡¡be¡¡added£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡corrections¡¡made£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡this¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡end£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡discovery¡¡of¡¡every¡¡new¡¡item¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡reveals¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡series¡¡more¡¡to¡¡investigate¡£

To¡¡all¡¡who¡¡have¡¡given¡¡me¡¡assistance¡¡warmest¡¡thanks¡¡are¡¡tendered¡£¡¡To¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Ganong£»¡¡of¡¡Northampton£»¡¡Mass¡££»¡¡Judge¡¡Morse£»¡¡Amherst£»¡¡W¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡Milner£»¡¡Sackville£»¡¡and¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Steel¡¡of¡¡Amherst£»¡¡grateful¡¡acknowledgment¡¡is¡¡especially¡¡due¡¡for¡¡their¡¡ready¡¡and¡¡cheerful¡¡help¡£¡¡To¡¡Murdoch's¡¡Nova¡¡Scotia£»¡¡Hannay's¡¡Acadia¡¡and¡¡to¡¡Dixon's¡¡and¡¡Black's¡¡family¡¡histories¡¡I¡¡have¡¡also¡¡been¡¡indebted¡£


INTRODUCTION¡£

This¡¡book¡¡needs¡¡no¡¡introduction¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Isthmus£»¡¡whom¡¡it¡¡will¡¡most¡¡interest¡£¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡therefore¡¡attempt¡¡only¡¡to¡¡point¡¡out¡¡the¡¡plan¡¡the¡¡present¡¡work¡¡will¡¡take¡¡in¡¡the¡¡general¡¡history¡¡of¡¡Eastern¡¡Canada¡£

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It¡¡does¡¡not¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡me¡¡that¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Trueman¡¡has¡¡exaggerated¡¡the¡¡part¡¡played¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Yorkshiremen¡¡and¡¡their¡¡descendants¡¡in¡¡our¡¡local¡¡history¡£¡¡While¡¡it¡¡is¡¡doubtless¡¡too¡¡much¡¡to¡¡say¡¡that¡¡their¡¡loyalty¡¡saved¡¡Nova¡¡Scotia¡¡£¨then¡¡including¡¡New¡¡Brunswick£©¡¡to¡¡Great¡¡Britain¡¡by¡¡their¡¡steadfastness¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Eddy¡¡incident¡¡in¡¡1776£»¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡it¡¡contributed¡¡largely¡¡to¡¡that¡¡result¡¡and¡¡rendered¡¡easy¡¡the¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡an¡¡uprising¡¡which¡¡would¡¡have¡¡given¡¡the¡¡authorities¡¡very¡¡great¡¡trouble¡¡had¡¡it¡¡succeeded¡£¡¡But¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡question¡¡whatever¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡value¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Chignecto¡¡region£»¡¡and¡¡hence¡¡to¡¡all¡¡this¡¡part¡¡of¡¡Canada£»¡¡of¡¡this¡¡immigration¡¡of¡¡God¡­fearing£»¡¡loyal£»¡¡industrious£»¡¡progressive¡¡Yorkshiremen¡£¡¡Although¡¡they¡¡and¡¡their¡¡descendants¡¡have¡¡not¡¡occupied¡¡the¡¡places¡¡in¡¡life¡¡of¡¡greatest¡¡prominence£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡been¡¡none¡¡the¡¡less¡¡useful¡¡citizens¡¡in¡¡contributing¡¡as¡¡they¡¡have¡¡to¡¡the¡¡solid¡¡foundations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡upbuilding¡¡of¡¡a¡¡great¡¡people¡£

It¡¡is¡¡of¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡this¡¡connection¡¡to¡¡note¡¡that¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Trueman's¡¡book£»¡¡although¡¡preceded¡¡in¡¡Nova¡¡Scotia¡¡by¡¡several¡¡county¡¡histories£»¡¡is¡¡for¡¡New¡¡Brunswick£»¡¡with¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡exceptions¡¡£¨in¡¡Jack's¡¡¡¨History¡¡of¡¡the¡¡City¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡John£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡Lorimer's¡¡pamphlet£»¡¡¡¨History¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Passamaquiddy¡¡Islands¡¨£©¡¡the¡¡first¡¡history¡¡of¡¡a¡¡limited¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Province¡¡to¡¡appear¡¡in¡¡book¡¡form£»¡¡although¡¡valuable¡¡newspaper¡¡series¡¡on¡¡local¡¡history¡¡have¡¡been¡¡published¡£¡¡May¡¡it¡¡prove¡¡the¡¡leader¡¡of¡¡a¡¡long¡¡series¡¡of¡¡such¡¡local¡¡histories¡¡which£»¡¡let¡¡us¡¡hope£»¡¡will¡¡not¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡appear¡¡until¡¡every¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡these¡¡interesting¡¡Provinces¡¡has¡¡been¡¡adequately¡¡treated¡£

W¡£¡¡F¡£¡¡GANONG¡£


CONTENTS¡£

CHAPTER¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Chignecto¡¡Isthmus

CHAPTER¡¡II¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡New¡¡England¡¡Immigration£»¡¡1755¡­1770

CHAPTER¡¡III¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Yorkshire¡¡Immigration

CHAPTER¡¡IV¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Eddy¡¡Rebellion

CHAPTER¡¡V¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡First¡¡Churches¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Isthmus

CHAPTER¡¡VI¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Truemans

CHAPTER¡¡VII¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Extracts¡¡from¡¡Journal¡¡and¡¡Letters

CHAPTER¡¡VIII¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Prospect¡¡Farm

CHAPTER¡¡IX¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Families¡¡Connected¡¡by¡¡Marriage¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Generation¡¡of¡¡Truemans

CHAPTER¡¡X¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡First¡¡Settlers¡¡of¡¡Cumberland


CHAPTER¡¡I

THE¡¡¡¡CHIGNECTO¡¡¡¡ISTHMUS¡£

The¡¡discovery¡¡of¡¡America¡¡added¡¡nearly¡¡a¡¡third¡¡to¡¡the¡¡then¡¡known¡¡land¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡and¡¡opened¡¡up¡¡two¡¡of¡¡its¡¡richest¡¡continents¡£¡¡If¡¡such¡¡an¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡territory¡¡were¡¡thrown¡¡into¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡market¡¡to¡­day£»¡¡the¡¡rapidity¡¡with¡¡which¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡exploited¡¡and¡¡explored£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡wealth¡¡made¡¡tributary¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡requirements£»¡¡would¡¡astonish£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡here£»¡¡the¡¡men¡¡who¡¡pioneered¡¡the¡¡settlement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡country¡¡and¡¡left¡¡so¡¡royal¡¡a¡¡heritage¡¡to¡¡their¡¡descendants¡£¡¡To¡¡those¡¡who¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Atlantic¡¡in¡¡the¡¡great¡¡ocean¡¡liners¡¡of¡¡our¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡think¡¡them¡¡none¡¡too¡¡safe£»¡¡the¡¡fleet¡¡with¡¡which¡¡Sir¡¡Humphrey¡¡Gilbert¡¡crossed¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡to¡¡plant¡¡his¡¡colony¡¡in¡¡the¡¡new¡¡land¡¡must¡¡seem¡¡a¡¡frail¡¡protection¡¡indeed¡¡against¡¡the¡¡dangers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡western¡¡ocean¡£

Perhaps¡¡in¡¡no¡¡way¡¡can¡¡the¡¡progress¡¡made¡¡since¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nineteenth¡¡century¡¡be¡¡more¡¡forcibly¡¡brought¡¡before¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡than¡¡by¡¡comparing¡¡the¡¡immense¡¡iron¡¡steamships¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡day¡¡with¡¡the¡¡small¡¡wooden¡¡vessels¡¡with¡¡which¡¡commerce¡¡was¡¡carried¡¡on¡¡and¡¡battles¡¡were¡¡fought¡¡and¡¡won¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡ago¡£

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Cartier¡¡was¡¡the¡¡first¡¡of¡¡the¡¡early¡¡navigators¡¡to¡¡drop¡¡anchor¡¡in¡¡a¡¡New¡¡Brunswick¡¡harbor¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡summer¡¡of¡¡1534£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡place¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Gulf¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Lawrence£»¡¡near¡¡the¡¡mouth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Miramich¡¡River¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡30th¡¡of¡¡June¡£¡¡Landing¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day¡¡and¡¡finding¡¡the¡¡country¡¡well¡¡wooded£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡delighted¡¡and¡¡spoke¡¡of¡¡it¡¡in¡¡glowing¡¡terms¡£

The¡¡first¡¡white¡¡men¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡the¡¡Isthmus¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡to¡¡trade¡¡and¡¡settlement¡¡came¡¡from¡¡Port¡¡Royal¡¡in¡¡the¡¡summer¡¡of¡¡1612¡£

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From¡¡1713¡¡to¡¡1750¡¡was¡¡the¡¡most¡¡prosperous

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