on dreams-第3章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！




presentation。



　　That　what　we　here　urge　is　true；　i。e。　that　there　are　such



presentative　movements　in　the　sensory　organs；　any　one　may　convince



himself；　if　he　attends　to　and　tries　to　remember　the　affections　we



experience　when　sinking　into　slumber　or　when　being　awakened。　He　will



sometimes；　in　the　moment　of　awakening；　surprise　the　images　which



present　themselves　to　him　in　sleep；　and　find　that　they　are　really



but　movements　lurking　in　the　organs　of　sense。　And　indeed　some　very



young　persons；　if　it　is　dark；　though　looking　with　wide　open　eyes；



see　multitudes　of　phantom　figures　moving　before　them；　so　that　they



often　cover　up　their　heads　in　terror。



　　From　all　this；　then；　the　conclusion　to　be　drawn　is；　that　the　dream



is　a　sort　of　presentation；　and；　more　particularly；　one　which　occurs　in



sleep；　since　the　phantoms　just　mentioned　are　not　dreams；　nor　is　any



other　a　dream　which　presents　itself　when　the　sense…perceptions　are



in　a　state　of　freedom。　Nor　is　every　presentation　which　occurs　in　sleep



necessarily　a　dream。　For　in　the　first　place；　some　persons　＇when



asleep＇　actually；　in　a　certain　way；　perceive　sounds；　light；　savour；



and　contact；　feebly；　however；　and；　as　it　were；　remotely。　For　there



have　been　cases　in　which　persons　while　asleep；　but　with　the　eyes



partly　open；　saw　faintly　in　their　sleep　（as　they　supposed）　the　light



of　a　lamp；　and　afterwards；　on　being　awakened；　straightway　recognized



it　as　the　actual　light　of　a　real　lamp；　while；　in　other　cases；



persons　who　faintly　heard　the　crowing　of　cocks　or　the　barking　of



dogs　identified　these　clearly　with　the　real　sounds　as　soon　as　they



awoke。　Some　persons；　too；　return　answers　to　questions　put　to　them　in



sleep。　For　it　is　quite　possible　that；　of　waking　or　sleeping；　while　the



one　is　present　in　the　ordinary　sense；　the　other　also　should　be　present



in　a　certain　way。　But　none　of　these　occurrences　should　be　called　a



dream。　Nor　should　the　true　thoughts；　as　distinct　from　the　mere



presentations；　which　occur　in　sleep　＇be　called　dreams＇。　The　dream



proper　is　a　presentation　based　on　the　movement　of　sense　impressions；



when　such　presentation　occurs　during　sleep；　taking　sleep　in　the　strict



sense　of　the　term。



　　There　are　cases　of　persons　who　in　their　whole　lives　have　never　had　a



dream；　while　others　dream　when　considerably　advanced　in　years；



having　never　dreamed　before。　The　cause　of　their　not　having　dreams



appears　somewhat　like　that　which　operates　in　the　case　of　infants；　and



＇that　which　operates＇　immediately　after　meals。　It　is　intelligible



enough　that　no　dream…presentation　should　occur　to　persons　whose



natural　constitution　is　such　that　in　them　copious　evaporation　is　borne



upwards；　which；　when　borne　back　downwards；　causes　a　large　quantity　of



motion。　But　it　is　not　surprising　that；　as　age　advances；　a　dream　should



at　length　appear　to　them。　Indeed；　it　is　inevitable　that；　as　a　change



is　wrought　in　them　in　proportion　to　age　or　emotional　experience；　this



reversal　＇from　non…dreaming　to　dreaming＇　should　occur　also。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　THE　END



。