caius marius-第3章

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entered　in　triumph；　showing　Jugurtha　a　prisoner　to　the　people；　a　sight
they　had　despaired　of　ever　beholding；　nor　could　any；　so　long　as　he
lived；　hope　to　reduce　the　enemy　in　Africa；　so　fertile　in　expedients
was　he　to　adapt　himself　to　every　turn　of　fortune；　and　so　bold　as
well　as　subtle。　When；　however；　he　was　led　in　triumph；　it　is　said
that　he　fell　distracted；　and　when　he　was　afterwards　thrown　into
prison；　where　some　tore　off　his　clothes　by　force；　and　others；　whilst
they　struggled　for　his　golden　earring；　with　it　pulled　off　the　tip　of
his　ear；　and　when　he　was；　after　this；　cast　naked　into　the　dungeon；
in　his　amazement　and　confusion；　with　a　ghastly　laugh；　he　cried　out；　〃O
Hercules！　how　cold　your　bath　is！〃　Here　for　six　days　struggling　with
hunger；　and　to　the　very　last　minute　desirous　of　life；　he　was　overtaken
by　the　just　reward　of　his　villainies。　In　this　triumph　was　brought；
as　is　stated；　of　gold　three　thousand　and　seven　pounds　weight；　of
silver　bullion　five　thousand　seven　hundred　and　seventy…five；　of
money　in　gold　and　silver　coin　two　hundred　and　eighty…seven　thousand
drachmas。　After　the　solemnity；　Marius　called　together　the　senate　in
the　capitol；　and　entered；　whether　through　inadvertency　or　unbecoming
exultation　with　his　good　fortune；　in　his　triumphal　habit；　but
presently　observing　the　senate　offended　at　it；　went　out；　and
returned　in　his　ordinary　purple…bordered　robe。
　　On　the　expedition　he　carefully　disciplined　and　trained　his　army
whilst　they　were　on　their　way；　giving　them　practice　in　long　marches；
and　running　of　every　sort；　and　compelling　every　man　to　carry　his　own
baggage　and　prepare　his　own　victuals；　insomuch　that　thenceforward
laborious　soldiers；　who　did　their　work　silently　without　grumbling；　had
the　name　of　〃Marius's　mules。〃　Some；　however；　think　the　proverb　had　a
different　occasion；　that　when　Scipio　besieged　Numantia；　and　was
careful　to　inspect　not　only　their　horses　and　arms；　but　their　mules　and
carriages　too；　and　see　how　well　equipped　and　in　what　readiness　each
one's　was；　Marius　brought　forth　his　horse　which　he　had　fed　extremely
well；　and　a　mule　in　better　case；　stronger　and　gentler　than　those　of
others；　that　the　general　was　very　well　pleased；　and　often　afterwards
mentioned　Marius's　beasts；　and　that　hence　the　soldiers；　when
speaking　jestingly　in　the　praise　of　a　drudging　laborious　fellow；
called　him　Marius's　mule。
　　But　to　proceed；　very　great　fortune　seemed　to　attend　Marius；　for　by
the　enemy　in　a　manner　changing　their　course；　and　falling　first　upon
Spain；　he　had　time　to　exercise　his　soldiers；　and　confirm　their
courage；　and；　which　was　most　important；　to　show　them　what　he　himself
was。　For　that　fierce　manner　of　his　in　command；　and　inexorableness　in
punishing；　when　his　men　became　used　not　to　do　amiss　or　disobey；　was
felt　to　be　wholesome　and　advantageous；　as　well　as　just；　and　his
violent　spirit；　stern　voice；　and　harsh　aspect；　which　in　a　little　while
grew　familiar　to　them；　they　esteemed　terrible　not　to　themselves；　but
only　to　their　enemies。　But　his　uprightness　in　judging　more
especially　pleased　the　soldiers；　one　remarkable　instance　of　which　is
as　follows。　One　Caius　Lusius；　his　own　nephew；　had　a　command　under
him　in　the　army；　a　man　not　in　other　respects　of　bad　character；　but
shamefully　licentious　with　young　men。　He　had　one　young　man　under　his
command　called　Trebonius；　with　whom　notwithstanding　many　solicitations
he　could　never　prevail。　At　length　one　night　he　sent　a　messenger　for
him　and　Trebonius　came；　as　it　was　not　lawful　for　him　to　refuse　when　he
was　sent　for；　and　being　brought　into　his　tent；　when　Lusius　began　to
use　violence　with　him；　he　drew　his　sword　and　ran　him　through。　This　was
done　whilst　Marius　was　absent。　When　he　returned；　he　appointed
Trebonius　a　time　for　his　trial；　where；　whilst　many　accused　him；　and
not　any　one　appeared　in　his　defence；　he　himself　boldly　related　the
whole　matter；　and　brought　witness　of　his　previous　conduct　to　Lusius；
who　had　frequently　offered　him　considerable　presents。　Marius；　admiring
his　conduct　and　much　pleased；　commanded　the　garland；　the　usual　Roman
reward　of　valour；　to　be　brought；　and　himself　crowned　Trebonius　with
it；　as　having　performed　an　excellent　action；　at　a　time　that　very
much　wanted　such　good　examples。
　　This　being　told　at　Rome；　proved　no　small　help　to　Marius　towards
his　third　consulship；　to　which　also　conduced　the　expectation　of　the
barbarians　at　the　summer　season；　the　people　being　unwilling　to　trust
their　fortunes　with　any　other　general　but　him。　However；　their
arrival　was　not　so　early　as　was　imagined；　and　the　time　of　Marius's
consulship　was　again　expired。　The　election　coming　on；　and　his
colleague　being　dead；　he　left　the　command　of　the　army　to　Manius
Aquilius；　and　hastened　to　Rome；　where；　several　eminent　persons　being
candidates　for　the　consulship；　Lucius　Saturninus；　who　more　than　any　of
the　other　tribunes　swayed　the　populace；　and　of　whom　Marius　himself　was
very　observant；　exerted　his　eloquence　with　the　people；　advising　them
to　choose　Marius　consul。　He　playing　the　modest　part；　and　professing　to
decline　the　office；　Saturninus　called　him　traitor　to　his　country　if；
in　such　apparent　danger；　he　would　avoid　command。　And　though　it　was　not
difficult　to　discover　that　he　was　merely　helping　Marius　in　putting
this　pretence　upon　the　people；　yet；　considering　that　the　present
juncture　much　required　his　skill；　and　his　good　fortunes　too；　they
voted　him　the　fourth　time　consul；　and　made　Catulus　Lutatius　his
colleague；　a　man　very　much　esteemed　by　the　nobility　and　not
unagreeable　to　the　commons。
　　Marius；　having　notice　of　the　enemy's　approach；　with　all　expedition
passed　the　Alps；　and　pitching　his　camp　by　the　river　Rhone；　took　care
first　for　plentiful　supplies　of　victuals：　lest　at　any　time　he　should
be　forced　to　fight　at　a　disadvantage　for　want　of　necessaries。　The
carriage　of　provision　for　the　army　from　the　sea；　which　was　formerly
long　and　expensive；　he　made　speedy　and　easy。　For　the　mouth；　of　the
Rhone；　by　the　influx　of　the　sea；　being　barred　and　almost　filled　up
with　sand　and　mud　mixed　with　clay；　the　passage　there　became　narrow；
difficult；　and　dangerous　for　the　ships　that　brought　their
provisions。　Hither；　therefore；　bringing　his　army；　then　at　leisure；
he　drew　a　great　trench：　and　by　turning　the　course　of　a　great　part　of
the　river；　brought　it　to　a　convenient　point　on　the　shore　where　the
water　was　deep　enough　to　receive　ships　of　considerable　burden；　and
where　there　was　a　calm　and　easy　opening　to　the　sea。　And　this　still
retains　the　name　it　took　from　him。
　　The　enemy　dividing　themselves　into　two　parts；　the　Cimbri　arranged　to
go　against　Catulus　higher　up　through　the　country　of　the　Norici；　and　to
force　that　passage；　the　Teutones　and　Ambrones　to　march　against
Marius　by　the　seaside　through　Liguria。　The　Cimbri　were　a
considerable　time　in　doing　their　part。　But　the　Teutones　and　Ambrones
with　all　expedition　passing　over　the　interjacent　country；　soon　came　in
sight；　in　numbers　beyond　belief；　of　a　terrible　aspect；　and　uttering
strange　cries　and　shouts。　Taking　up　a　great　part　of　the　plain　with
their　camp；　they　challenged　Marius　to　battle；　he　seemed　to　take　no
notice　of　them；　but　kept　his　soldiers　within　their　fortification；
and　sharply　reprehended　those　that　were　too　forward　and　eager　to
show　their　courage；　and　who；　out　of　passion；　would　needs　be
fighting；　calling　them　traitors　to　their　country；　and　telling　them
they　were　not　now　to　think　of　the　glory　of　triumphs　and　trophies；
but　rather　how　they　might　repel　such　an　impetuous　tempest　of　war　and
save　Italy。
　　Thus　he　discoursed　privately　with　his　officers　and　equals；　but
placed　the　soldiers　by　turns　upon　the　bulwarks　to　survey　the　enemy；
and　so　made　them　familiar　with　their　shape　and　voice；　which　were
indeed　altogether　extravagant　and　barbarous；　and　he　caused　them　to
observe　their　arms；　and　the　way　of　using　them；　so　that　in　a　little
time　what　at　first　appeared　terrible　to　their　apprehensions；　by
often　viewing　became　familiar。　For　he　very　rationally　supposed　that
the　strangeness　of　things　often　makes　them　seem　formidable　when　they
are　not　so；　and　that　by　our　better　acquaintance；　even　things　which　are
really　terrible　lose　much　of　their　frightfulness。　This　daily
converse　not　only　diminished　some　of　the　soldiers'　fears；　but　their
indignation　warmed　and　inflamed　their　courage　when　they　heard　the
threats　and　insupportable　insolence　of　their　enemies；　who　not　only
plundered　and　depopulated　all　the　country　round；　but　would　even
contemptuously　and　confidently　attack　the　ramparts。
　　Complaints　of　the　soldiers　now　began　to　come　to　Marius's　ears。　〃What
effeminacy　does　Marius　see　in　us；　that　he　should　thus　like　women
lock　us　up　from　encountering　our　enemies？　Come　on；　let　us　show
ourselves　men；　and　ask　him　if　he　expects　others　to　fight　for　Italy；
and　means　merely　to　employ　us　in　servile　offices；　when　he　would　dig
trenches；　cleanse　places　of　mud　and　dirt；　and　turn　the　course　of　the
rivers？　It　was　to　do　such　works　as　these；　it　seems；　that　he　gave　us
all　our　long　training；　he　will　return　home；　and　boast　of　these　great
performances　of　his　consulships　to　the　people。　Does　the　defeat　of
Carbo　and　Caepio；　who　were　vanquished　by　the　enemy；　affright　him？
Surely　they　were　much　inferior　to　Marius　both　in　glory　and　valour；　and
commanded　a　much　weaker　army：　at　the　worst；　it　is　better　to　be　in
action；　though　we　suffer　for　it　like　them；　than　to　sit　idle　spectators
of　the　destruction　of　our　allies　and　companions。〃　Marius；　not　a　little
pleased　to　hear　this；　gently　appeased　them；　pretending　that　he　did　not
distrust　their　valour；　but　that　he　took　his　measures　as　to　the　time
and　place　of　victory　from　some　certain　oracles。
　　And；　in　fact；　he　used　solemnly　to　carry　about　in　a　litter　a　Syrian
woman；　called　Martha；　a　supposed　prophetess；　and　to　do　sacrifice　by
her　directions。　She　had　formerly　been　driven　away　by　the　senate；　to
whom　she　addressed　herself；　offering　to　inform　them　about　these
affairs；　and　to　foretell　future　events；　and　after　this　betook
herself　to　the　women；　and　gave　them　proofs　of　her　skill；　especially
Marius's　wife；　at　whose　feet　she　sat　when　she　was　viewing　a　contest　of
gladiators；　and　correctly　foretold　which　of　them　should　overcome。
She　was　for　this　and　the　like　predictings　sent　by　her　to　Marius　and
the　army；　where　she　was　very　much　looked　up　to；　and；　for　the　most
part；　carried　about　in　a　litter。　When　she　went　to　sacrifice；　she
wore　a　purple　robe　lined　and　buckled　up；　and　had　in　her　hand　a
little　spear　trimmed　with　ribbons　and　garlands。　This　theatrical　show
made　many　question　whether　Marius　really　gave　any　credit　to　her
himself；　or　only　played　the　counterfeit；　when　he　showed　her
publicly；　to　impose　upon　the　soldiers。
　　What；　however；　Alexander　the　Myndian　relates　about　the　vultures　does
really　deserve　admiration；　that　always　before　Marius's　victories　there
appeared　two　of　them；　and　accompanied　the　army；　which　were　known　by
their　brazen　collars　（the　soldiers　having　caught　them　and　put　these
about　their　necks；　and　so　let　them　go；　from　which　time　they　in　a
manner　knew　and　saluted　the　soldiers）；　and　whenever　these　appeared
in　their　marches；　they　used　to　rejoice　at　it；　and　thought　themselves
sure　of　some　success。　Of　the　many　other　prodigies　that　then　were　t