memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第37章

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　killed　in　April；　1865；　as　he　was　withdrawing　his　garrison；　by　night；　from　the　batteries　at　Drury's　Bluff；　at　the　time　General　Lee　began　his　final　retreat　from　Richmond。　　Boyd　became　a　captain　of　engineers　on　the　staff　of　General　Richard　Taylor；　was　captured；　and　was　in　jail　at　Natchez；　Mississippi；　when　I　was　on　my　Meridian　expedition。　　He　succeeded　in　getting　a　letter　to　me　on　my　arrival　at　Vicksburg；　and；　on　my　way　down　to　New　Orleans；　I　stopped　at　Natchez；　took　him　along；　and　enabled　him　to　effect　an　exchange　through　General　Banks。　　As　soon　as　the　war　was　over；　he　returned　to　Alexandria；　and　reorganized　the　old　institution；　where　I　visited　him　in　1867；　but；　the　next　winter；　the　building　took　fire　end　burned　to　the　ground。　　The　students；　library；　apparatus；　etc。；　were　transferred　to　Baton　Rouge；　where　the　same　institution　now　is；　under　the　title　of　the　Louisiana　University。　　I　have　been　able　to　do　them　many　acts　of　kindness；　and　am　still　in　correspondence；　with　Colonel　Boyd；　its　president。

General　G。　Mason　Graham　is　still　living　on　his　plantation；　on　Bayou　Rapides；　old　and　much　respected。

Dr。　S。　A。　Smith　became　a　surgeon　in　the　rebel　army；　and　at　the　close　of　the　war　was　medical　director　of　the　trans…Mississippi　Department；　with　General　Kirby　Smith。　　I　have　seen　him　since　the　war；　at　New　Orleans；　where　he　died　about　a　year　ago。

Dr。　Clark　was　in　Washington　recently；　applying　for　a　place　as　United　States　consul　abroad。　　I　assisted　him；　but　with　no　success；　and　he　is　now　at　Baltimore；　Maryland。

After　the　battle　of　Shiloh；　I　found　among　the　prisoners　Cadet　Barrow；　fitted　him　out　with　some　clean　clothing；　of　which　he　was　in　need；　and　from　him　learned　that　Cadet　Workman　was　killed　in　that　battle。

Governor　Moore's　plantation　was　devastated　by　General　Banks's　troops。　　After　the　war　he　appealed　to　me；　and　through　the　Attorney…General；　Henry　Stanbery；　I　aided　in　having　his　land　restored　to　him；　and　I　think　he　is　now　living　there。

Bragg；　Beauregard；　and　Taylor；　enacted　high　parts　in　the　succeeding　war；　and　now　reside　in　Louisiana　or　Texas




CHAPTER　VIII。

MISSOURI

APRIL　AND　MAY；　1861。

During　the　time　of　these　events　in　Louisiana；　I　was　in　constant　correspondence　with　my　brother；　John　Sherman；　at　Washington；　Mr。　Ewing；　at　Lancaster；　Ohio；　and　Major　H。　S。　Turner；　at　St。　Louis。　　I　had　managed　to　maintain　my　family　comfortably　at　Lancaster；　but　was　extremely　anxious　about　the　future。　　It　looked　like　the　end　of　my　career；　for　I　did　not　suppose　that　〃civil　war〃　could　give　me　an　employment　that　would　provide　for　the　family。　　I　thought；　and　may　have　said；　that　the　national　crisis　had　been　brought　about　by　the　politicians；　and；　as　it　was　upon　us；　they　〃might　fight　it　out〃　Therefore；　when　I　turned　North　from　New　Orleans；　I　felt　more　disposed　to　look　to　St。　Louis　for　a　home；　and　to　Major。　　Turner　to　find　me　employment；　than　to　the　public　service。

I　left　New　Orleans　about　the　1st　of　March；　1861；　by　rail　to　Jackson　and　Clinton；　Mississippi；　Jackson；　Tennessee；　and　Columbus；　Kentucky；　where　we　took　a　boat　to　Cairo；　and　thence；　by　rail；　to　Cincinnati　and　Lancaster。　　All　the　way；　I　heard；　in　the　cars　and　boats；　warm　discussions　about　polities；　to　the　effect　that；　if　Mr。　Lincoln　should　attempt　coercion　of　the　seceded　States；　the　other　slave　or　border　States　would　make　common　cause；　when；　it　was　believed；　it　would　be　madness　to　attempt　to　reduce　them　to　subjection。　　In　the　South；　the　people　were　earnest；　fierce　and　angry；　and　were　evidently　organizing　for　action；　whereas；　in　Illinois；　Indiana；　and　Ohio；　I　saw　not　the　least　sign　of　preparation。　　It　certainly　looked　to　me　as　though　the　people　of　the　North　would　tamely　submit　to　a　disruption　of　the　Union；　and　the　orators　of　the　South　used；　openly　and　constantly；　the　expressions　that　there　would　be　no　war；　and　that　a　lady's　thimble　would　hold　all　the　blood　to　be　shed。　　On　reaching　Lancaster；　I　found　letters　from　my　brother　John；　inviting　me　to　come　to　Washington；　as　he　wanted　to　see　me；　and　from　Major　Tamer；　at　St。　Louis；　that　he　was　trying　to　secure　for　me　the　office　of　president　of　the　Fifth　Street　Railroad；　with　a　salary　of　twenty…five　hundred　dollars；　that　Mr。　Lucas　and　D。　A。　January　held　a　controlling　interest　of　stock；　would　vote　for　me；　and　the　election　would　occur　in　March。　　This　suited　me　exactly；　and　I　answered　Turner　that　I　would　accept；　with　thanks。　But　I　also　thought　it　right　and　proper　that　I　should　first　go　to　Washington；　to　talk　with　my　brother；　Senator　Sherman。

Mr。　Lincoln　had　just　been　installed；　and　the　newspapers　were　filled　with　rumors　of　every　kind　indicative　of　war；　the　chief　act　of　interest　was　that　Major　Robert　Anderson　had　taken　by　night　into　Fort　Sumter　all　the　troops　garrisoning　Charleston　Harbor；　and　that　he　was　determined　to　defend　it　against　the　demands　of　the　State　of　South　Carolina　and　of　the　Confederate　States。　　I　must　have　reached　Washington　about　the　10th　of　March。　　I　found　my　brother　there；　just　appointed　Senator；　in　place　of　Mr。　Chase；　who　was　in　the　cabinet；　and　I　have　no　doubt　my　opinions；　thoughts；　and　feelings；　wrought　up　by　the　events　in　Louisiana；　seemed　to　him　gloomy　and　extravagant。　About　Washington　I　saw　but　few　signs　of　preparation；　though　the　Southern　Senators　and　Representatives　were　daily　sounding　their　threats　on　the　floors　of　Congress；　and　were　publicly　withdrawing　to　join　the　Confederate　Congress　at　Montgomery。　　Even　in　the　War　Department　and　about　the　public　offices　there　was　open；　unconcealed　talk；　amounting　to　high…treason。

One　day；　John　Sherman　took　me　with　him　to　see　Mr。　Lincoln。　　He　walked　into　the　room　where　the　secretary　to　the　President　now　sits；　we　found　the　room　full　of　people；　and　Mr。　Lincoln　sat　at　the　end　of　the　table；　talking　with　three　or　four　gentlemen；　who　soon　left。　John　walked　up；　shook　hands；　and　took　a　chair　near　him；　holding　in　his　hand　some　papers　referring　to；　minor　appointments　in　the　State　of　Ohio；　which　formed　the　subject　of　conversation。　　Mr。　Lincoln　took　the　papers；　said　he　would　refer　them　to　the　proper　heads　of　departments；　and　would　be　glad　to　make　the　appointments　asked　for；　if　not　already　promised。　　John　then　turned　to　me；　and　said；　〃Mr。　President；　this　is　my　brother；　Colonel　Sherman；　who　is　just　up　from　Louisiana；　he　may　give　you　some　information　you　want。〃　　〃Ah！〃　said　Mr。　Lincoln；　〃how　are　they　getting　along　down　there？〃　I　said；　〃They　think　they　are　getting　along　swimminglythey　are　preparing　for　war。〃　　〃Oh；　well！〃　said　he；　〃I　guess　we'll　manage　to　keep　house。〃　I　was　silenced；　said　no　more　to　him；　and　we　soon　left。　　I　was　sadly　disappointed；　and　remember　that　I　broke　out　on　John；　dning　the　politicians　generally；　saying；　〃You　have　got　things　in　a　hell　of　a　fig；　and　you　may　get　them　out　as　you　best　can；〃　adding　that　the　country　was　sleeping　on　a　volcano　that　might　burst　forth　at　any　minute；　but　that　I　was　going　to　St。　Louis　to　take　care　of　my　family；　and　would　have　no　more　to　do　with　it。　　John　begged　me　to　be　more　patient；　but　I　said　I　would　not；　that　I　had　no　time　to　wait；　that　I　was　off　for　St。　Louis；　and　off　I　went。　　At　Lancaster　I　found　letters　from　Major　Turner；　inviting　me　to　St。　Louis；　as　the　place　in　the　Fifth　Street　Railroad　was　a　sure　thing；　and　that　Mr。　Lucas　would　rent　me　a　good　house　on　Locust　Street；　suitable　for　my　family；　for　six　hundred　dollars　a　year。

Mrs。　Sherman　and　I　gathered　our　family　and　effects　together；　started　for　St。　Louis　March　27th；　where　we　rented　of　Mr。　Lucas　the　house　on　Locust　Street；　between　Tenth　and　Eleventh；　and　occupied　it　on　the　1st　of　April。　　Charles　Ewing　and　John　Hunter　had　formed　a　law…partnership　in　St。　Louis；　and　agreed　to　board　with　us；　taking　rooms　on　the　third　floor　In　the　latter　part　of　March；　I　was　duly　elected　president　of　the　Fifth　Street　Railroad；　and　entered　on　the　discharge　of　my　duties　April　1；　1861。　　We　had　a　central　office　on　the　corner　of　Fifth　and　Locust；　and　also　another　up　at　the　stables　in　Bremen。　　The　road　was　well　stocked　and　in　full　operation；　and　all　I　had　to　do　was　to　watch　the　economical　administration　of　existing　affairs；　which　I　endeavored　to　do　with　fidelity　and　zeal。　But　the　whole　air　was　fall　of　wars　and　rumors　of　wars。　　The　struggle　was　going　on　politically　for　the　border　States。　　Even　in　Missouri；　which　was　a　slave　State；　it　was　manifest　that　the　Governor　of　the　State；　Claiborne　Jackson；　and　all　the　leading　politicians；　were　for　the　South　in　case　of　a　war。　　The　house　on　the　northwest　corner　of　Fifth　and　Pine　was　the　rebel　headquarters；　where　the　rebel　flag　was　hung　publicly；　and　the　crowds　about　the　Planters'　House　were　all　more　or　less　rebel。　　There　was　also　a　camp　in　Lindell's　Grove；　at　the　end　of　Olive；　Street；　under　command　of　General　D。　M。　Frost；　a　Northern　man；　a　graduate　of　Pest　Point；　in　open　sympathy　with　the　Southern　leaders。　　This　camp　was　nominally　a　State　camp　of　instruction；　but；　beyond　doubt；　was　in　the　interest　of　the　Southern　cause；　designed　to　be　used　against　the　national　authority　in　the　event　of　the　General　Government's　attempting　to　coerce　the　Southern　Confederacy。　　General　William　S。　Harvey　was　in　command　of　the　Department　of　Missouri；　and　resided　in　his　own　house；　on　Fourth　Street；　below　Market；　and　there　were　five　or　six　companies　of　United　States　troops　in　the　arsenal；　commanded　by　Captain　N。　Lyon；　throughout　the　city；　there　had　been　organized；　almost　exclusively　out　of　the　German　part　of　the　population；　four　or　five　regiments　of　〃Home　Guards；〃　with　which　movement　Frank　Blair；　B。　Gratz　Brown；　John　M。　Schofield；　Clinton　B。　Fisk；　and　others；　were　most　active　on　the　part　of　the　national　authorities。　Frank　Blair's　brother　Montgomery　was　in　the　cabinet　of　Mr。　Lincoln　at　Washington；　and　to　him　seemed　committed　the　general　management　of　affairs　in　Missouri。

The　newspapers　fanned　the　public　excitement　to　the　highest　pitch；　and　threats　of　attacking　the　arsenal　on　the　one　hand；　and　the　mob　of　dd　rebels　in　Camp　Jackson　on　the　other；　were　bandied　about。　　I　tried　my　best　to　keep　out　of　the　current；　and　only　talked　freely　with　a　few　men；　among　them　Colonel　John　O'Fallon；　a　wealthy　gentleman　who　resided　above　St。　Louis。　　He　daily　came　down　to　my　office　in　Bremen；　and　we　walked　up　and　down　the　pavement　by　the　hour；　deploring　the　sad　condition　of　our　country；　and　the　seeming　drift　toward　dissolution　and　anarchy。　　I　used　also　to　go　down　to　the　arsenal　occasionally　to　see　Lyon；　Totten；　and　other　of　my　army　acquaintance；　and　was　glad　to　see　them　making　preparations　to　defend　their　post；　if　not　to　assume　the　offensive。

The　bombardment　of　Fort　Sumter；　which　was　announced　by　telegraph；　began　April　12th；　and　ended　on　the　14th。　　We　then　knew　that　the　war　was　actually　begun；　and　though　the　South　was　openly；　manifestly　the　aggressor；　yet　her　friends　and　apologists　insisted　that　she　was　simply　acting　on　a　justifiable　defensive；　and　that　in　the　forcible　seizure　of；　the　public　forts　within　her　limits　the　people　were　acting　with　reasonable　prudence　and　foresight。　　Yet　neither　party　seemed　willing　to　invade；　or　cross　the　border。　　Davis；　who　ordered　the　bombardment　of　Sumter；　knew　the　temper　of　his　people　well；　and　foresaw　that　it　would　precipitate　the　action　of　the　border　States；　for　almost　immediately　Virginia；　North　Carolina；　Arkansas；　and　Tennessee；　followed　the　lead　of　the　cotton　States；　and　conventions　were　delibera