the fathers of the constitution-第20章

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defence；　the　security　of　their　liberties；　and　their　mutual　and　general　welfare；　binding　themselves　to　assist　each　other；　against　all　force　offered　to；　or　attacks　made　upon　them；　or　any　of　them；　on　account　of　religion；　sovereignty；　trade；　or　any　other　pretence　whatever。　ARTICLE　IV。　The　better　to　secure　and　perpetuate　mutual　friendship　and　intercourse　among　the　people　of　the　different　States　in　this　Union；　the　free　inhabitants　of　each　of　these　States；　paupers；　vagabonds　and　fugitives　from　justice　excepted；　shall　be　entitled　to　all　privileges　and　immunities　of　free　citizens　in　the　several　States；　and　the　people　of　each　State　shall　have　free　ingress　and　regress　to　and　from　any　other　State；　and　shall　enjoy　therein　all　the　privileges　of　trade　and　commerce；　subject　to　the　same　duties；　impositions　and　restrictions　as　the　inhabitants　thereof　respectively；　provided　that　such　restrictions　shall　not　extend　so　far　as　to　prevent　the　removal　of　property　imported　into　any　State；　to　any　other　State　of　which　the　owner　is　an　inhabitant；　provided　also　that　no　imposition；　duties　or　restriction　shall　be　laid　by　any　State；　on　the　property　of　the　United　States；　or　either　of　them。　If　any　person　guilty　of；　or　charged　with　treason；　felony；　or　other　high　misdemeanor　in　any　State；　shall　flee　from　justice；　and　be　found　in　any　of　the　United　States；　he　shall　upon　demand　of　the　Governor　or　Executive　power；　of　the　State　from　which　he　fled；　be　delivered　up　and　removed　to　the　State　having　jurisdiction　of　his　offence。　Full　faith　and　credit　shall　be　given　in　each　of　these　States　to　the　records；　acts　and　judicial　proceedings　of　the　courts　and　magistrates　of　every　other　State。　ARTICLE　V。　For　the　more　convenient　management　of　the　general　interests　of　the　United　States；　delegates　shall　be　annually　appointed　in　such　manner　as　the　legislature　of　each　State　shall　direct；　to　meet　in　Congress　on　the　first　Monday　in　November；　in　every　year；　with　a　power　reserved　to　each　State；　to　recall　its　delegates；　or　any　of　them；　at　any　time　within　the　year；　and　to　send　others　in　their　stead；　for　the　remainder　of　the　year。　No　State　shall　be　represented　in　Congress　by　less　than　two；　nor　by　more　than　seven　members；　and　no　person　shall　be　capable　of　being　a　delegate　for　more　than　three　years　in　any　term　of　six　years；　nor　shall　any　person；　being　a　delegate；　be　capable　of　holding　any　office　under　the　United　States；　for　which　he；　or　another　for　his　benefit　receives　any　salary；　fees　or　emolument　of　any　kind。　Each　State　shall　maintain　its　own　delegates　in　a　meeting　of　the　States；　and　while　they　act　as　members　of　the　committee　of　the　States。　In　determining　questions　in　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　each　State　shall　have　one　vote。　Freedom　of　speech　and　debate　in　Congress　shall　not　be　impeached　or　questioned　in　any　court；　or　place　out　of　Congress；　and　the　members　of　Congress　shall　be　protected　in　their　persons　from　arrests　and　imprisonments；　during　the　time　of　their　going　to　and　from；　and　attendance　on　Congress；　except　for　treason；　felony；　or　breach　of　the　peace。　ARTICLE　VI。　No　State　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　send　any　embassy　to；　or　receive　any　embassy　from；　or　enter　into　any　conference；　agreement；　alliance　or　treaty　with　any　king　prince　or　state；　nor　shall　any　person　holding　any　office　of　profit　or　trust　under　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them；　accept　of　any　present；　emolument；　office　or　title　of　any　kind　whatever　from　any　king；　prince　or　foreign　state；　nor　shall　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　or　any　of　them；　grant　any　title　of　nobility。　No　two　or　more　States　shall　enter　into　any　treaty；　confederation　or　alliance　whatever　between　them；　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　specifying　accurately　the　purposes　for　which　the　same　is　to　be　entered　into；　and　how　long　it　shall　continue。　No　state　shall　lay　any　imposts　or　duties；　which　may　interfere　with　any　stipulations　in　treaties；　entered　into　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　with　any　king；　prince　or　state；　in　pursuance　of　any　treaties　already　proposed　by　Congress；　to　the　courts　of　France　and　Spain。　No　vessels　of　war　shall　be　kept　up　in　time　of　peace　by　any　State；　except　such　number　only；　as　shall　be　deemed　necessary　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　for　the　defence　of　such　State；　or　its　trade；　nor　shall　any　body　of　forces　be　kept　up　by　any　State；　in　time　of　peace；　except　such　number　only；　as　in　the　judgment　of　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　be　deemed　requisite　to　garrison　the　forts　necessary　for　the　defence　of　such　State；　but　every　State　shall　always　keep　up　a　well　regulated　and　disciplined　militia；　sufficiently　armed　and　accoutered；　and　shall　provide　and　constantly　have　ready　for　use；　in　public　stores；　a　due　number　of　field　pieces　and　tents；　and　a　proper　quantity　of　arms；　ammunition　and　camp　equipage。　No　State　shall　engage　in　any　war　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　unless　such　State　be　actually　invaded　by　enemies；　or　shall　have　received　certain　advice　of　a　resolution　being　formed　by　some　nation　of　Indians　to　invade　such　State；　and　the　danger　is　so　imminent　as　not　to　admit　of　a　delay；　till　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　can　be　consulted：　nor　shall　any　State　grant　commissions　to　any　ships　or　vessels　of　war；　nor　letters　of　marque　or　reprisal；　except　it　be　after　a　declaration　of　war　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　and　then　only　against　the　kingdom　or　state　and　the　subjects　thereof；　against　which　war　has　been　so　declared；　and　under　such　regulations　as　shall　be　established　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　unless　such　State　be　infested　by　pirates；　in　which　case　vessels　of　war　may　be　fitted　out　for　that　occasion；　and　kept　so　long　as　the　danger　shall　continue；　or　until　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　determine　otherwise。　ARTICLE　VII。　When　land…forces　are　raised　by　any　State　for　the　common　defence；　all　officers　of　or　under　the　rank　of　colonel；　shall　be　appointed　by　the　Legislature　of　each　State　respectively　by　whom　such　forces　shall　be　raised；　or　in　such　manner　as　such　State　shall　direct；　and　all　vacancies　shall　be　filled　up　by　the　State　which　first　made　the　appointment。　ARTICLE　VIII。　All　charges　of　war；　and　all　other　expenses　that　shall　be　incurred　for　the　common　defence　or　general　welfare；　and　allowed　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　be　defrayed　out　of　a　common　treasury；　which　shall　be　supplied　by　the　several　States；　in　proportion　to　the　value　of　all　land　within　each　State；　granted　to　or　surveyed　for　any　person；　as　such　land　and　the　buildings　and　improvements　thereon　shall　be　estimated　according　to　such　mode　as　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　from　time　to　time　direct　and　appoint。　The　taxes　for　paying　that　proportion　shall　be　laid　and　levied　by　the　authority　and　direction　of　the　Legislatures　of　the　several　States　within　the　time　agreed　upon　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　ARTICLE　IX。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　have　the　sole　and　exclusive　right　and　power　of　determining　on　peace　and　war；　except　in　the　cases　mentioned　in　the　sixth　articleof　sending　and　receiving　ambassadorsentering　into　treaties　and　alliances；　provided　that　no　treaty　of　commerce　shall　be　made　whereby　the　legislative　power　of　the　respective　States　shall　be　restrained　from　imposing　such　imposts　and　duties　on　foreigners；　as　their　own　people　are　subjected　to；　or　from　prohibiting　the　exportation　or　importation　of　any　species　of　goods　or　commodities　whatsoeverof　establishing　rules　for　deciding　in　all　cases；　what　captures　on　land　or　water　shall　be　legal；　and　in　what　manner　prizes　taken　by　land　or　naval　forces　in　the　service　of　the　United　States　shall　be　divided　or　appropriatedof　granting　letters　of　marque　and　reprisal　in　times　of　peaceappointing　courts　for　the　trial　of　piracies　and　felonies　committed　on　the　high　seas　and　establishing　courts　for　receiving　and　determining　finally　appeals　in　all　cases　of　captures；　provided　that　no　member　of　Congress　shall　be　appointed　a　judge　of　any　of　the　said　courts。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　also　be　the　last　resort　on　appeal　in　all　disputes　and　differences　now　subsisting　or　that　hereafter　may　arise　between　two　or　more　States　concerning　boundary；　jurisdiction　or　any　other　cause　whatever；　which　authority　shall　always　be　exercised　in　the　manner　following。　Whenever　the　legislative　or　executive　authority　or　lawful　agent　of　any　State　in　controversy　with　another　shall　present　a　petition　to　Congress；　stating　the　matter　in　question　and　praying　for　a　hearing；　notice　thereof　shall　be　given　by　order　of　Congress　to　the　legislative　or　executive　authority　of　the　other　State　in　controversy；　and　a　day　assigned　for　the　appearance　of　the　parties　by　their　lawful　agents；　who　shall　then　be　directed　to　appoint　by　joint　consent；　commissioners　or　judges　to　constitute　a　court　for　hearing　and　determining　the　matter　in　question：　but　if　they　cannot　agree；　Congress　shall　name　three　persons　out　of　each　of　the　United　States；　and　from　the　list　of　such　persons　each　party　shall　alternately　strike　out　one；　the　petitioners　beginning；　until　the　number　shall　be　reduced　to　thirteen；　and　from　that　number　not　less　than　seven；　nor　more　than　nine　names　as　Congress　shall　direct；　shall　in　the　presence　of　Congress　be　drawn　out　by　lot；　and　the　persons　whose　names　shall　be　so　drawn　or　any　five　of　them；　shall　be　commissioners　or　judges；　to　hear　and　finally　determine　the　controversy；　so　always　as　a　major　part　of　the　judges　who　shall　hear　the　cause　shall　agree　in　the　determination：　and　if　either　party　shall　neglect　to　attend　at　the　day　appointed；　without　showing　reasons；　which　Congress　shall　judge　sufficient；　or　being　present　shall　refuse　to　strike；　the　Congress　shall　proceed　to　nominate　three　persons　out　of　each　State；　and　the　Secretary　of　Congress　shall　strike　in　behalf　of　such　party　absent　or　refusing；　and　the　judgment　and　sentence　of　the　court　to　be　appointed；　in　the　manner　before　prescribed；　shall　be　final　and　conclusive；　and　if　any　of　the　parties　shall　refuse　to　submit　to　the　authority　of　such　court；　or　to　appear　or　defend　their　claim　or　cause；　the　court　shall　nevertheless　proceed　to　pronounce　sentence；　or　judgment；　which　shall　in　like　manner　be　final　and　decisive；　the　judgment　or　sentence　and　other　proceedings　being　in　either　case　transmitted　to　Congress；　and　lodged　among　the　acts　of　Congress　for　the　security　of　the　parties　concerned：　provided　that　every　commissioner；　before　he　sits　in　judgment；　shall　take　an　oath　to　be　administered　by　one　of　the　judges　of　the　supreme　or　superior　court　of　the　State　where　the　cause　shall　be　tried；　〃well　and　truly　to　hear　and　determine　the　matter　in　question；　according　to　the　best　of　his　judgment；　without　favour；　affection　or　hope　of　reward：〃　provided　also　that　no　State　shall　be　deprived　of　territory　for　the　benefit　of　the　United　States。　All　controversies　concerning　the　private　right　of　soil　claimed　under　different　grants　of　two　or　more　States；　whose　jurisdiction　as　they　may　respect　such　lands；　and　the　States　which　passed　such　grants　are　adjusted；　the　said　grants　or　either　of　them　being　at　the　same　time　claimed　to　have　originated　antecedent　to　such　settlement　of　jurisdiction；　shall　on　the　petition　of　either　party　t