the fathers of the constitution-第21章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


ve　originated　antecedent　to　such　settlement　of　jurisdiction；　shall　on　the　petition　of　either　party　to　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　be　finally　determined　as　near　as　may　be　in　the　same　manner　as　is　before　prescribed　for　deciding　disputes　respecting　territorial　jurisdiction　between　different　States。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　also　have　the　sole　and　exclusive　right　and　power　of　regulating　the　alloy　and　value　of　coin　struck　by　their　own　authority；　or　by　that　of　the　respective　States。fixing　the　standard　of　weights　and　measures　throughout　the　United　States。regulating　the　trade　and　managing　all　affairs　with　the　Indians；　not　members　of　any　of　the　States；　provided　that　the　legislative　right　of　any　State　within　its　own　limits　be　not　infringed　or　violatedestablishing　and　regulating　post…offices　from　one　State　to　another；　throughout　all　the　United　States；　and　exacting　such　postage　on　the　papers　passing　thro'　the　same　as　may　be　requisite　to　defray　the　expenses　of　the　said　officeappointing　all　officers　of　the　land　forces；　in　the　service　of　the　United　States；　excepting　regimental　officersappointing　all　the　officers　of　the　naval　forces；　and　commissioning　all　officers　whatever　in　the　service　of　the　United　Statesmaking　rules　for　the　government　and　regulation　of　the　said　land　and　naval　forces；　and　directing　their　operations。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　have　authority　to　appoint　a　committee；　to　sit　in　the　recess　of　Congress；　to　be　denominated　〃a　Committee　of　the　States；〃　and　to　consist　of　one　delegate　from　each　State；　and　to　appoint　such　other　committees　and　civil　officers　as　may　be　necessary　for　managing　the　general　affairs　of　the　United　States　under　their　directionto　appoint　one　of　their　number　to　preside；　provided　that　no　person　be　allowed　to　serve　in　the　office　of　president　more　than　one　year　in　any　term　of　three　years；　to　ascertain　the　necessary　sums　of　money　to　be　raised　for　the　service　of　the　United　States；　and　to　appropriate　and　apply　the　same　for　defraying　the　public　expensesto　borrow　money；　or　emit　bills　on　the　credit　of　the　United　States；　transmitting　every　half　year　to　the　respective　States　an　account　of　the　sums　of　money　so　borrowed　or　emitted；to　build　and　equip　a　navyto　agree　upon　the　number　of　land　forces；　and　to　make　requisitions　from　each　State　for　its　quota；　in　proportion　to　the　number　of　white　inhabitants　in　such　State；　which　requisition　shall　be　binding；　and　thereupon　the　Legislature　of　each　State　shall　appoint　the　regimental　officers；　raise　the　men　and　cloath；　arm　and　equip　them　in　a　soldier　like　manner；　at　the　expense　of　the　United　States；　and　the　officers　and　men　so　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped　shall　march　to　the　place　appointed；　and　within　the　time　agreed　on　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled：　but　if　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall；　on　consideration　of　circumstances　judge　proper　that　any　State　should　not　raise　men；　or　should　raise　a　smaller　number　than　its　quota；　and　that　any　other　State　should　raise　a　greater　number　of　men　than　the　quota　thereof；　such　extra　number　shall　be　raised；　officered；　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped　in　the　same　manner　as　the　quota　of　such　State；　unless　the　legislature　of　such　State　shall　judge　that　such　extra　number　cannot　be　safely　spared　out　of　the　same；　in　which　case　they　shall　raise　officer；　cloath；　arm　and　equip　as　many　of　such　extra　number　as　they　judge　can　be　safely　spared。　And　the　officers　and　men　so　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped；　shall　march　to　the　place　appointed；　and　within　the　time　agreed　on　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　never　engage　in　a　war；　nor　grant　letters　of　marque　and　reprisal　in　time　of　peace；　nor　enter　into　any　treaties　or　alliances；　nor　coin　money；　nor　regulate　the　value　thereof；　nor　ascertain　the　sums　and　expenses　necessary　for　the　defence　and　welfare　of　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them；　nor　emit　bills；　nor　borrow　money　on　the　credit　of　the　United　States；　nor　appropriate　money；　nor　agree　upon　the　number　of　vessels　of　war；　to　be　built　or　purchased；　or　the　number　of　land　or　sea　forces　to　be　raised；　nor　appoint　a　commander　in　chief　of　the　army　or　navy；　unless　nine　States　assent　to　the　same：　nor　shall　a　question　on　any　other　point；　except　for　adjourning　from　day　to　day　be　determined；　unless　by　the　votes　of　a　majority　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　Congress　of　the　United　States　shall　have　power　to　adjourn　to　any　time　within　the　year；　and　to　any　place　within　the　United　States；　so　that　no　period　of　adjournment　be　for　a　longer　duration　than　the　space　of　six　months；　and　shall　publish　the　journal　of　their　proceedings　monthly；　except　such　parts　thereof　relating　to　treaties；　alliances　or　military　operations；　as　in　their　judgment　require　secresy；　and　the　yeas　and　nays　of　the　delegates　of　each　State　on　any　question　shall　be　entered　on　the　journal；　when　it　is　desired　by　any　delegate；　and　the　delegates　of　a　State；　or　any　of　them；　at　his　or　their　request　shall　be　furnished　with　a　transcript　of　the　said　journal；　except　such　parts　as　are　above　excepted；　to　lay　before　the　Legislatures　of　the　several　States。　ARTICLE　X。　The　committee　of　the　States；　or　any　nine　of　them；　shall　be　authorized　to　execute；　in　the　recess　of　Congress；　such　of　the　powers　of　Congress　as　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　by　the　consent　of　nine　States；　shall　from　time　to　time　think　expedient　to　vest　them　with；　provided　that　no　power　be　delegated　to　the　said　committee；　for　the　exercise　of　which；　by　the　articles　of　confederation；　the　voice　of　nine　States　in　the　Congress　of　the　United　States　assembled　is　requisite。　ARTICLE　XI。　Canada　acceding　to　this　confederation；　and　joining　in　the　measures　of　the　United　States；　shall　be　admitted　into；　and　entitled　to　all　the　advantages　of　this　Union：　but　no　other　colony　shall　be　admitted　into　the　same；　unless　such　admission　be　agreed　to　by　nine　States。　ARTICLE　XII。　All　bills　of　credit　emitted；　monies　borrowed　and　debts　contracted　by；　or　under　the　authority　of　Congress；　before　the　assembling　of　the　United　States；　in　pursuance　of　the　present　confederation；　shall　be　deemed　and　considered　as　a　charge　against　the　United　States；　for　payment　and　satisfaction　whereof　the　said　United　States；　and　the　public　faith　are　hereby　solemnly　pledged。　ARTICLE　XIII。　Every　State　shall　abide　by　the　determinations　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　on　all　questions　which　by　this　confederation　are　submitted　to　them。　And　the　articles　of　this　confederation　shall　be　inviolably　observed　by　every　State；　and　the　Union　shall　be　perpetual；　nor　shall　any　alteration　at　any　time　hereafter　be　made　in　any　of　them；　unless　such　alteration　be　agreed　to　in　a　Congress　of　the　United　States；　and　be　afterwards　confirmed　by　the　Legislatures　of　every　State。　And　whereas　it　has　pleased　the　Great　Governor　of　the　world　to　incline　the　hearts　of　the　Legislatures　we　respectively　represent　in　Congress；　to　approve　of；　and　to　authorize　us　to　ratify　the　said　articles　of　confederation　and　perpetual　union。　Know　ye　that　we　the　undersigned　delegates；　by　virtue　of　the　power　and　authority　to　us　given　for　that　purpose；　do　by　these　presents；　in　the　name　and　in　behalf　of　our　respective　constituents；　fully　and　entirely　ratify　and　confirm　each　and　every　of　the　said　articles　of　confederation　and　perpetual　union；　and　all　and　singular　the　matters　and　things　therein　contained：　and　we　do　further　solemnly　plight　and　engage　the　faith　of　our　respective　constituents；　that　they　shall　abide　by　the　determinations　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　on　all　questions；　which　by　the　said　confederation　are　submitted　to　them。　And　that　the　articles　thereof　shall　be　inviolably　observed　by　the　States　we　re＇s＇pectively　represent；　and　that　the　Union　shall　be　perpetual。　In　witness　whereof　we　have　hereunto　set　our　hands　in　Congress。　Done　at　Philadelphia　in　the　State　of　Pennsylvania　the　ninth　day　of　July　in　the　year　of　our　Lord　one　thousand　s　even　hundred　and　seventy…eight；　and　in　the　third　year　of　the　independence　of　America。*　*　From　the　circumstances　of　delegates　from　the　same　State　having　signed　the　Articles　of　Confederation　at　different　times；　as　appears　by　the　dates；　it　is　probable　they　affixed　their　names　as　they　happened　to　be　present　in　Congress；　after　they　had　been　authorized　by　their　constituents。

On　the　part　&　behalf　of　the　State　of　New　Hampshire。　JOSIAH　BARTLETT；　JOHN　WENTWORTH；　JUNR。；　August　8th；　1778。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Massachusetts　Bay。　JOHN　HANCOCK；　SAMUEL　ADAMS；　ELDBRIDGE　GERRY；　FRANCIS　DANA；　JAMES　LOVELL；　SAMUEL　HOLTEN。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Rhode　Island　and　Providence　Plantations。　WILLIAMS　ELLERY；　HENRY　MARCHANT；　JOHN　COLLINS。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Connecticut。　ROGER　SHERMAN；　SAMUEL　HUNTINGTON；　OLIVER　WOLCOTT；　TITUS　HOSMER；　ANDREW　ADAMS。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　New　York。　JAS。　DUANE；　FRA。　LEWIS；　Wm。　DUER；　GOUV。　MORRIS。　On　the　part　and　in　behalf　of　the　State　of　New　Jersey；　Novr。　26；　1778。　JNO。　WITHERSPOON；　NATHL。　SCUDDER。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Pennsylvania。　ROBT。　MORRIS；　DANIEL　ROBERDEAU；　JONA。　BAYARD　SMITH；　WILLIAM　CLINGAN；　JOSEPH　REED；　22d　July；　1778。　On　the　part　&　behalf　of　the　State　of　Delaware。　THO。　M'KEAN；　Feby。　12；　1779。　JOHN　DICKINSON；　May　5；　1779。　NICHOLAS　VAN　DYKE。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Maryland。　JOHN　HANSON；　March　1；　1781。　DANIEL　CARROLL；　Mar。　1；　1781。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　Virginia。　RICHARD　HENRY　LEE；　JNO。　HARVIE；　JOHN　BANISTER；　THOMAS　ADAMS；　FRANCIS　LIGHTFOOT　LEE。　On　the　part　and　behalf　of　the　State　of　No。　Carolina。　JOHN　PENN；　July　21st；　1778。　CORNS。　HARNETT；　JNO。　WILLIAMS。　On　the　part　&　behalf　of　the　State　of　South　Carolina。　HENRY　LAURENS；　WILLIAM　HENRY　DRAYTON；　JNO。　MATHEWS；　RICHD。　HUTSON；　THOS。　HEYWARD；　JUNR。　On　the　part　&　behalf　of　the　State　of　Georgia。　JNO。　WALTON；　24th　July；　EDWD。　TELFAIR；　EDWD。　LANGWORTHY。　1778。　THE　NORTHWEST　TERRITORIAL　GOVERNMENT　　1787。　THE　CONFEDERATE　CONGRESS；　JULY　13；　1787。　An　Ordinance　for　the　government　of　the　territory　of　the　United　States　northwest　of　the　river　Ohio。　SECTION　1。　Be　it　ordained　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　That　the　said　territory；　for　the　purpose　of　temporary　government；　be　one　district；　subject；　however；　to　be　divided　into　two　districts；　as　future　circumstances　may；　in　the　opinion　of　Congress；　make　it　expedient。　SEC。　2。　Be　it　ordained　by　the　authority　aforesaid；　That　the　estates　both　of　resident　and　non…resident　proprietors　in　the　said　territory；　dying　intestate；　shall　descend　to；　and　be　distributed　among；　their　children　and　the　descendants　of　a　deceased　child　in　equal　parts；　the　descendants　of　a　deceased　child　or　grandchild　to　take　the　share　of　their　deceased　parent　in　equal　parts　among　them；　and　where　there　shall　be　no　children　or　descendants；　then　in　equal　parts　to　the　next　of　kin；　in　equal　degree；　and　among　collaterals；　the　children　of　a　deceased　brother　or　sister　of　the　intestate　shall　have；　in　equal　parts　among　them；　their　deceased　parent's　share；　and　there　shall；　in　no　case；　be　a　distinction　between　kindred　of　the　whole　and　half　blood；　saving　in　all　cases　to　the　widow　of　the　intestate；　her　third　part　of　the　real　estate　for　life；　and　one…third　part　of　the　personal　estate；　and　this　law　relative　to　descents　and　dower；　shall　remai