the fathers of the constitution-第22章

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　and　one…third　part　of　the　personal　estate；　and　this　law　relative　to　descents　and　dower；　shall　remain　in　full　force　until　altered　by　the　legislature　of　the　district。　And　until　the　governor　and　judges　shall　adopt　laws　as　hereinafter　mentioned；　estates　in　the　said　territory　may　be　devised　or　bequeathed　by　wills　in　writing；　signed　and　sealed　by　him　or　her　in　whom　the　estate　may　be；　（being　of　full　age；）　and　attested　by　three　witnesses；　and　real　estates　may　be　conveyed　by　lease　and　release；　or　bargain　and　sale；　signed；　sealed；　and　delivered　by　the　person；　being　of　full　age；　in　whom　the　estate　may　be；　and　attested　by　two　witnesses；　provided　such　wills　be　duly　proved；　and　such　conveyances　be　acknowledged；　or　the　execution　thereof　duly　proved；　and　be　recorded　within　one　year　after　proper　magistrates；　courts；　and　registers；　shall　be　appointed　for　that　purpose；　and　personal　property　may　be　transferred　by　delivery；　saving；　however；　to　the　French　and　Canadian　inhabitants；　and　other　settlers　of　the　Kaskaskias；　Saint　Vincents；　and　the　neighboring　villages；　who　have　heretofore　professed　themselves　citizens　of　Virginia；　their　laws　and　customs　now　being　in　force　among　them；　relative　to　the　descent　and　conveyance　of　property。　SEC。　3。　Be　it　ordained　by　the　authority　aforesaid；　That　there　shall　be　appointed；　from　time　to　time；　by　Congress；　a　governor；　whose　commission　shall　continue　in　force　for　the　term　of　three　years；　unless　sooner　revoked　by　Congress；　he　shall　reside　in　the　district；　and　have　a　freehold　estate　therein；　in　one　thousand　acres　of　land；　while　in　the　exercise　of　his　office。　SEC。　4。　There　shall　be　appointed　from　time　to　time；　by　Congress；　a　secretary；　whose　commission　shall　continue　in　force　for　four　years；　unless　sooner　revoked；　he　shall　reside　in　the　district；　and　have　a　freehold　estate　therein；　in　five　hundred　acres　of　land；　while　in　the　exercise　of　his　office。　It　shall　be　his　duty　to　keep　and　preserve　the　acts　and　laws　passed　by　the　legislature；　and　the　public　records　of　the　district；　and　the　proceedings　of　the　governor　in　his　executive　department；　and　transmit　authentic　copies　of　such　acts　and　proceedings　every　six　months　to　the　Secretary　of　Congress。　There　shall　also　be　appointed　a　court；　to　consist　of　three　judges；　any　two　of　whom　to　form　a　court；　who　shall　have　a　common…law　jurisdiction；　and　reside　in　the　district；　and　have　each　therein　a　freehold　estate；　in　five　hundred　acres　of　land；　while　in　the　exercise　of　their　offices；　and　their　commissions　shall　continue　in　force　during　good　behavior。　SEC。　5。　The　governor　and　judges；　or　a　majority　of　them；　shall　adopt　and　publish　in　the　distric＇t＇　such　laws　of　the　original　States；　criminal　and　civil；　as　may　be　necessary；　and　best　suited　to　the　circumstances　of　the　district；　and　report　them　to　Congress　from　time　to　time；　which　laws　shall　be　in　force　in　the　district　until　the　organization　of　the　general　assembly　therein；　unless　disapproved　of　by　Congress；　but　afterwards　the　legislature　shall　have　authority　to　alter　them　as　they　shall　think　fit。　SEC。　6。　The　governor；　for　the　time　being；　shall　be　commander…in…chief　of　the　militia；　appoint　and　commission　all　officers　in　the　same　below　the　rank　of　general　officers；　all　general　officers　shall　be　appointed　and　commissioned　by　Congress。　SEC。　7。　Previous　to　the　organization　of　the　general　assembly　the　governor　shall　appoint　such　magistrates；　and　other　civil　officers；　in　each　county　or　township；　as　he　shall　find　necessary　for　the　preservation　of　the　peace　and　good　order　in　the　same。　After　the　general　assembly　shall　be　organized　the　powers　and　duties　of　magistrates　and　other　civil　officers　shall　be　regulated　and　defined　by　the　said　assembly；　but　all　magistrates　and　other　civil　officers；　not　herein　otherwise　directed；　shall；　during　the　continuance　of　this　temporary　government；　be　appointed　by　the　governor。　SEC。　8。　For　the　prevention　of　crimes　and　injuries；　the　laws　to　be　adopted　or　made　shall　have　force　in　all　parts　of　the　district；　and　for　the　execution　of　process；　criminal　and　civil；　the　governor　shall　make　proper　divisions　thereof；　and　he　shall　proceed；　from　time　to　time；　as　circumstances　may　require；　to　lay　out　the　parts　of　the　district　in　which　the　Indian　titles　shall　have　been　extinguished；　into　counties　and　townships；　subject；　however；　to　such　alterations　as　may　thereafter　be　made　by　the　legislature。　SEC。　9。　So　soon　as　there　shall　be　five　thousand　free　male　inhabitants；　of　full　age；　in　the　district；　upon　giving　proof　thereof　to　the　governor；　they　shall　receive　authority；　with　time　and　place；　to　elect　representatives　from　their　counties　or　townships；　to　represent　them　in　the　general　assembly：　Provided；　That　for　every　five　hundred　free　male　inhabitants　there　shall　be　one　representative；　and　so　on；　progressively；　with　the　number　of　free　male　inhabitants；　shall　the　right　of　representation　increase；　until　the　number　of　representatives　shall　amount　to　twenty…five；　after　which　the　number　and　proportion　of　representatives　shall　be　regulated　by　the　legislature：　Provided；　That　no　person　be　eligible　or　qualified　to　act　as　a　representative；　unless　he　shall　have　been　a　citizen　of　one　of　the　United　States　three　years；　and　be　a　resident　in　the　district；　or　unless　he　shall　have　resided　in　the　district　three　years；　and；　in　either　case；　shall　likewise　hold　in　his　own　right；　in　fee…simple；　two　hundred　acres　of　land　within　the　same：　Provided　also；　That　a　freehold　in　fifty　acres　of　land　in　the　district；　having　been　a　citizen　of　one　of　the　States；　and　being　resident　in　the　district；　or　the　like　freehold　and　two　years'　residence　in　the　district；　shall　be　necessary　to　qualify　a　man　as　an　elector　of　a　representative。　SEC。　10。　The。　representatives　thus　elected　shall　serve　for　the　term　of　two　years；　and　in　case　of　the　death　of　a　representative；　or　removal　from　office；　the　governor　shall　issue　a　writ　to　the　county　or　township；　for　which　he　was　a　member；　to　elect　another　in　his　stead；　to　serve　for　the　residue　of　the　term。　SEC。　11。　The　general　assembly；　or　legislature；　shall　consist　of　the　governor；　legislative　council；　and　a　house　of　representatives。　The　legislative　council　shall　consist　of　five　members；　to　continue　in　office　five　years；　unless　sooner　removed　by　Congress；　any　three　of　whom　to　be　a　quorum；　and　the　members　of　the　council　shall　be　nominated　and　appointed　in　the　following　manner；　to　wit：　As　soon　as　representatives　shall　be　elected　the　governor　shall　appoint　a　time　and　place　for　them　to　meet　together；　and　when　met　they　shall　nominate　ten　persons；　resident　in　the　district；　and　each　possessed　of　a　freehold　in　five　hundred　acres　of　land；　and　return　their　names　to　Congress；　five　of　whom　Congress　shall　appoint　and　commission　to　serve　as　aforesaid；　and　whenever　a　vacancy　shall　happen　in　the　council；　by　death　or　removal　from　office；　the　house　of　representatives　shall　nominate　two　persons；　qualified　as　aforesaid；　for　each　vacancy；　and　return　their　names　to　Congress；　one　of　whom　Congress　shall　appoint　and　commission　for　the　residue　of　the　term；　and　every　five　years；　four　months　at　least　before　the　expiration　of　the　time　of　service　of　the　members　of　the　council；　the　said　house　shall　nominate　ten　persons；　qualified　as　aforesaid；　and　return　their　names　to　Congress；　five　of　whom　Congress　shall　appoint　and　commission　to　serve　as　members　of　the　council　five　years；　unless　sooner　removed。　And　the　governor；　legislative　council；　and　house　of　representatives　shall　have　authority　to　make　laws　in　all　cases　for　the　good　government　of　the　district；　not　repugnant　to　the　principles　and　articles　in　this　ordinance　established　and　declared。　And　all　bills；　having　passed　by　a　majority　in　the　house；　and　by　a　majority　in　the　council；　shall　be　referred　to　the　governor　for　his　assent；　but　no　bill；　or　legislative　act　whatever；　shall　be　of　any　force　without　his　assent。　The　governor　shall　have　power　to　convene；　prorogue；　and　dissolve　the　general　assembly　when；　in　his　opinion；　it　shall　be　expedient。　SEC。　12。　The　governor；　judges；　legislative　council；　secretary；　and　such　other　officers　as　Congress　shall　appoint　in　the　district；　shall　take　an　oath　or　affirmation　of　fidelity；　and　of　office；　the　governor　before　the　President　of　Congress；　and　all　other　officers　before　the　governor。　As　soon　as　a　legislature　shall　be　formed　in　the　district；　the　council　and　house　assembled；　in　one　room；　shall　have　authority；　by　joint　ballot；　to　elect　a　delegate　to　Congress；　who　shall　have　a　seat　in　Congress；　with　a　right　of　debating；　but　not　of　voting；　during　this　temporary　government。　SEC。　13。　And　for　extending　the　fundamental　principles　of　civil　and　religious　liberty；　which　form　the　basis　whereon　these　republics；　their　laws　and　constitutions；　are　erected；　to　fix　and　establish　those　principles　as　the　basis　of　all　laws；　constitutions；　and　governments；　which　forever　hereafter　shall　be　formed　in　the　said　territory；　to　provide；　also；　for　the　establishment　of　States；　and　permanent　government　therein；　and　for　their　admission　to　a　share　in　the　Federal　councils　on　an　equal　footing　with　the　original　States；　at　as　early　periods　as　may　be　consistent　with　the　general　interest：　SEC。　14。　It　is　hereby　ordained　and　declared；　by　the　authority　aforesaid；　that　the　following　articles　shall　be　considered　as　articles　of　compact；　between　the　original　States　and　the　people　and　States　in　the　said　territory；　and　forever　remain　unalterable；　unless　by　common　consent；　to　wit：　ARTICLE　I。　No　person；　demeaning　himself　in　a　peaceable　and　orderly　manner；　shall　ever　be　molested　on　account　of　his　mode　of　worship；　or　religious　sentiments；　in　the　said　territories。　ARTICLE　II。　The　inhabitants　of　the　said　territory　shall　always　be　entitled　to　the　benefits　of　the　writs　of　habeas　corpus；　and　of　the　trial　by　jury；　of　a　propo＇r＇tionate　representation　of　the　people　in　the　legislature；　and　of　judicial　proceedings　according　to　the　course　of　the　common　law。　All　persons　shall　be　bailable；　unless　for　capital　offences；　where　the　proof　shall　be　evident；　or　the　presumption　great。　All　fines　shall　be　moderate；　and　no　cruel　or　unusual　punishments　shall　be　inflicted。　No　man　shall　be　deprived　of　his　liberty　or　property；　but　by　the　judgment　of　his　peers；　or　the　law　of　the　land；　and　should　the　public　exigencies　make　it　necessary；　for　the　common　preservation；　to　take　any　person's　property；　or　to　demand　his　particular　services；　full　compensation　shall　be　made　for　the　same。　And；　in　the　just　preservation　of　rights　and　property；　it　is　understood　and　declared；　that　no　law　ought　ever　to　be　made　or　have　force　in　the　said　territory；　that　shall；　in　any　manner　whatever；　interfere　with　or　affect　private　contracts；　or　engagements；　bona　fide；　and　without　fraud　previously　formed。　ARTICLE　III。　Religion；　morality；　and　knowledge　being　necessary　to　good　government　and　the　happiness　of　mankind；　schools　and　the　means　of　education　shall　forever　be　encouraged。　The　utmost　good　faith　shall　always　be　observed　towards　the　Indians；　their　lands　and　property　shall　never　be　taken　from　them　without　their　consent；　and　in　their　property；　rights；　and　liberty　they　never　shall　be　invaded　or　disturbed；　unless　in　just　and　lawful　wars　authorized　by　Congress；　but　laws　founded　in　justice　and　humanity　shall；　from　time　to　time；　be　made；　for　preventing　wrongs　being　done　to　them；　and　for　preserving　peace　and　friendship　with　them。　ARTICLE　IV。