the fathers of the constitution-第24章

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　have　been　encreased　during　such　time；　and　no　Person　holding　any　Office　under　the　United　States；　shall　be　a　Member　of　either　House　during　his　Continuance　in　Office。　SECTION。　7。　1。　All　Bills　for　raising　Revenue　shall　originate　in　the　House　of　Representatives；　but　the　Senate　may　propose　or　concur　with　Amendments　as　on　other　Bills。　2。　Every　Bill　which　shall　have　passed　the　House　of　Representatives　and　the　Senate；　shall；　before　it　become　a　Law；　be　presented　to　the　President　of　the　United　States；　If　he　approve　he　shall　sign　it；　but　if　not　he　shall　return　it；　with　his　Objections　to　that　House　in　which　it　shall　have　originated；　who　shall　enter　the　Objections　at　large　on　their　Journal；　and　proceed　to　reconsider　it。　If　after　such　Reconsideration　two　thirds　of　that　House　shall　agree　to　pass　the　Bill；　it　shall　be　sent；　together　with　the　Objections；　to　the　other　House；　by　which　it　shall　likewise　be　reconsidered；　and　if　approved　by　two　thirds　of　that　House；　it　shall　become　a　Law。　But　in　all　such　Cases　the　Votes　of　both　Houses　shall　be　determined　by　Yeas　and　Nays；　and　the　Names　of　the　Persons　voting　for　and　against　the　Bill　shall　be　entered　on　the　Journal　of　each　House　respectively。　If　any　Bill　shall　not　be　returned　by　the　President　within　ten　Days　（Sundays　excepted）　after　it　shall　have　been　presented　to　him；　the　Same　shall　be　a　Law；　in　like　Manner　as　if　he　had　signed　it；　unless　the　Congress　by　their　Adjournment　prevent　its　Return；　in　which　Case　it　shall　not　be　a　Law。　3。　Every　Order；　Resolution；　or　Vote　to　which　the　Concurrence　of　the　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives　may　be　necessary　（except　on　a　question　of　Adjournment）　shall　be　presented　to　the　President　of　the　United　States；　and　before　the　Same　shall　take　Effect；　shall　be　approved　by　him；　or　being　disapproved　by　him；　shall　be　repassed　by　two　thirds　of　the　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives；　according　to　the　Rules　and　Limitations　prescribed　in　the　Case　of　a　Bill。　SECTION。　8。　1。　The　Congress　shall　have　Power　To　lay　and　collect　Taxes；　Duties；　Imposts　and　Excises；　to　pay　the　Debts　and　provide　for　the　common　Defence　and　general　Welfare　of　the　United　States；　but　all　Duties；　Imposts　and　Excises　shall　be　uniform　throughout　the　United　States；　2。　To　borrow　Money　on　the　credit　of　the　United　States；　3。　To　regulate　Commerce　with　foreign　Nations；　and　among　the　several　States；　and　with　the　Indian　Tribes；　4。　To　establish　an　uniform　Rule　of　Naturalization；　and　uniform　Laws　on　the　subject　of　Bankruptcies　throughout　the　United　States；　5。　To　coin　Money；　regulate　the　Value　thereof；　and　of　foreign　Coin；　and　fix　the　Standard　of　Weights　and　Measures；　6。　To　provide　for　the　Punishment　of　counterfeiting　the　Securities　and　current　Coin　of　the　United　States；　7。　To　establish　Post　Offices　and　post　Roads；　8。　To　promote　the　Progress　of　Science　and　useful　Arts；　by　securing　for　limited　Times　to　Authors　and　Inventors　the　exclusive　Right　to　their　respective　Writings　and　Discoveries；　9。　To　constitute　Tribunals　inferior　to　the　supreme　Court；　10。　To　define　and　punish　Piracies　and　Felonies　committed　on　the　high　Seas；　and　Offences　against　the　Law　of　Nations；　11。　To　declare　War；　grant　Letters　of　Marque　and　Reprisal；　and　make　Rules　concerning　Captures　on　Land　and　Water；　12。　To　raise　and　support　Armies；　but　no　Appropriation　of　Money　to　that　Use　shall　be　for　a　longer　Term　than　two　Years；　13。　To　provide　and　maintain　a　Navy；　14。　To　make　Rules　for　the　Government　and　Regulation　of　the　land　and　naval　Forces；　15。　To　provide　for　calling　forth　the　Militia　to　execute　the　Laws　of　the　Union；　suppress　Insurrections　and　repel　Invasions；　16。　To　provide　for　organizing；　arming；　and　disciplining；　the　Militia；　and　for　governing　such　Part　of　them　as　may　be　employed　in　the　Service　of　the　United　States；　reserving　to　the　States　respectively；　the　Appointment　of　the　Officers；　and　the　Authority　of　training　the　Militia　according　to　the　discipline　prescribed　by　Congress；　17。　To　exercise　exclusive　Legislation　in　all　Cases　whatsoever；　over　such　District　（not　exceeding　ten　Miles　square）　as　may；　by　Cession　of　particular　States；　and　the　Acceptance　of　Congress；　become　the　Seat　of　the　Government　of　the　United　States；　and　to　exercise　like　Authority　over　all　places　purchased　by　the　Consent　of　the　Legislature　of　the　State　in　which　the　Same　shall　be；　for　the　Erection　of　Forts；　Magazines；　Arsenals；　dock…Yards；　and　other　needful　Buildings；And　18。　To；　make　all　Laws　which　shall　be　necessary　and　proper　for　carrying　into　Execution　the　foregoing　Powers；　and　all　other　Powers　vested　by　this　Constitution　in　the　Government　of　the　United　States；　or　in　any　Department　or　Officer　thereof。　SECTION。　9。　1。　The　Migration　or　Importation　of　such　Persons　as　any　of　the　States　now　existing　shall　think　proper　to　admit；　shall　not　be　prohibited　by　the　Congress　prior　to　the　Year　one　thousand　eight　hundred　and　eight；　but　a　Tax　or　duty　may　be　imposed　on　such　Importation；　not　exceeding　ten　dollars　for　each　person。　2。　The　Privilege　of　the　Writ　of　Habeas　Corpus　shall　not　be　suspended；　unless　when　in　Cases　of　Rebellion　or　Invasion　the　public　Safety　may　require　it。　3。　No　Bill　of　Attainder　or　expost　facto　Law　shall　be　passed。　4。　No　Capitation；　or　other　direct；　tax　shall　be　laid；　unless　in　Proportion　to　the　Census　or　Enumeration　herein　before　directed　to　be　taken。　5。　No　Tax　or　Duty　shall　be　laid　on　Articles　exported　from　any　State。　6。　No　Preference　shall　be　given　by　any　Regulation　of　Commerce　or　Revenue　to　the　Ports　of　one　State　over　those　of　another：　nor　shall　Vessels　bound　to；　or　from；　one　State；　be　obliged　to　enter；　clear；　or　pay　Duties　in　another。　7。　No　Money　shall　be　drawn　from　the　Treasury；　but　in　Consequence　of　Appropriations　made　by　Law；　and　a　regular　Statement　and　Account　of　the　Receipts　and　Expenditures　of　all　public　Money　shall　be　published　from　time　to　time。　8。　No　Title　of　Nobility　shall　be　granted　by　the　United　States：　And　no　Person　holding　any　Office　of　Profit　or　Trust　under　them；　shall；　without　the　Consent　of　the　Congress；　accept　of　any　present；　Emolument；　Office；　or　Title；　of　any　kind　whatever；　from　any　King；　Prince；　or　foreign　State。　SECTION。　10。　1。　No　State　shall　enter　into　any　Treaty；　Alliance；　or　Confederation；　grant　Letters　of　Marque　or　Reprisal；　coin　Money；　emit　Bills　of　Credit；　make　any　Thing　but　gold　and　silver　Coin　a　Tender　in　Payment　of　Debts；　pass　any　Bill　of　Attainder；　ex　post　facto　Law；　or　Law　impairing　the　Obligation　of　Contracts；　or　grant　any　Title　of　Nobility。　2。　No　State　shall；　without　the　Consent　of　the　Congress；　lay　any　Imposts　or　Duties　on　imports　or　Exports；　except　what　may　be　absolutely　necessary　for　executing　its　inspection　Laws：　and　the　net　Produce　of　all　Duties　and　Imposts；　laid　by　any　State　on　Imports　or　Exports；　shall　be　for　the　Use　of　the　Treasury　of　the　United　States；　and　all　such　Laws　shall　be　subject　to　the　Revision　and　Controul　of　the　Congress。　3。　No　State　shall；　without　the　Consent　of　Congress；　lay　any　Duty　of　Tonnage；　keep　Troops；　or　Ships　of　War　in　time　of　Peace；　enter　into　any　Agreement　or　Compact　with　another　State；　or　with　a　foreign　Power；　or　engage　in　War；　unless　actually　invaded；　or　in　such　imminent　Danger　as　will　not　admit　of　delay。　ARTICLE。　II。　SECTION。　1。　1。　The　executive　Power　shall　be　vested　in　a　President　of　the　United　States　of　America。　He　shall　hold　his　Office　during　the　Term　of　four　Years；　and；　together　with　the　Vice　President；　chosen　for　the　same　Term；　be　elected；　as　follows　2。　Each　State　shall　appoint；　in　such　Manner　as　the　Legislature　thereof　may　direct；　a　Number　of　Electors；　equal　to　the　whole　Number　of　Senators　and　Representatives　to　which　the　State　may　be　entitled　in　the　Congress：　but　no　Senator　or　Representative；　or　Person　holding　an　Office　of　Trust　or　Profit　under　the　United　States；　shall　be　appointed　an　Elector。　3。　The　Congress　may　determine　the　Time　of　chusing　the　Electors；　and　the　Day　on　which　they　shall　give　their　Votes；　which　Day　shall　be　the　same　throughout　the　United　States。　4。　No　Person　except　a　natural　born　Citizen；　or　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　at　the　time　of　the　Adoption　of　this　Constitution；　shall　be　eligible　to　the　Office　of　President；　neither　shall　any　Person　be　eligible　to　that　Office　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　thirty　five　Years；　and　been　fourteen　Years　a　Resident　within　the　United　States。　5。　In　Case　of　the　Removal　of　the　President　from　Office；　or　of　his　Death；　Resignation；　or　Inability　to　discharge　the　Powers　and　Duties　of　the　said　Office；　the　same　shall　devolve　on　the　Vice　President；　and　the　Congress　may　by　Law　provide　for　the　Case　of　Removal；　Death；　Resignation；　or　Inability；　both　of　the　President　and　Vice　President；　declaring　what　Officer　shall　then　act　as　President；　and　such　Officer　shall　act　accordingly；　until　the　Disability　be　removed；　or　a　President　shall　be　elected。　6。　The　President　shall；　at　stated　Times；　receive　for　his　Services；　a　Compensation；　which　shall　neither　be　encreased　nor　dimished　during　the　Period　for　which　he　shall　have　been　elected；　and　he　shall　not　receive　within　that　Period　any　other　Emolument　from　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them。　7。　Before　he　enter　on　the　Execution　of　his　Office；　he　shall　take　the　following　Oath　or　Affirmation：〃I　do　solemnly　swear　（or　affirm）　that　I　will　faithfully　execute　the　Office　of　the　President　of　the　United　States；　and　will　to　the　best　of　my　ability；　preserve；　protect　and　defend　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States。〃　SECTION。　2。　1。　The　President　shall　be　Commander　in　Chief　of　the　Army　and　Navy　of　the　United　States；　and　of　the　Militia　of　the　several　States；　when　called　into　the　actual　Service　of　the　United　States；　he　may　require　the　Opinion；　in　writing；　of　the　principal　Officer　in　each　of　the　executive　Departments；　upon　any　Subject　relating　to　the　Duties　of　their　respective　Offices；　and　he　shall　have　Power　to　grant　Reprieves　and　Pardons　for　Offences　against　the　United　States；　except　in　Cases　of　Impeachment。　2。　He　shall　have　Power；　by　and　with　the　Advice　and　Consent　of　the　Senate；　to　make　Treaties；　provided　two　thirds　of　the　Senators　present　concur；　and　he　shall　nominate；　and　by　and　with　the　Advice　and　Consent　of　the　Senate；　shall　appoint　Ambassadors；　other　public　Ministers　and　Consuls；　Judges　of　the　supreme　Court；　and　all　other　Officers　of　the　United　States；　whose　Appointments　are　not　herein　otherwise　provided　for；　and　which　shall　be　established　by　Law：　but　the　Congress　may　by　Law　vest　the　Appointment　of　such　inferior　Officers；　as　they　think　proper；　in　the　President　alone；　in　the　Courts　of　Law；　or　in　the　Heads　of　Departments。　3。　The　President　shall　have　Power　to　fill　up　all　Vacancies　that　may　happen　during　the　Recess　of　the　Senate；　by　granting　Commissions　which　shall　expire　at　the　End　of　their　next　Session。　SECTION。　3。　He　shall　from　time　to　time　give　to　the　Congress　Information　of　the　State　of　the　Union；　and　recommend　to　their　Consideration　such　Measures　as　he　shall　judge　necessary　and　expedient；　he　may；　on　extraordinary　Occasions；　convene　both　Houses；　or　either　of　them；　and　in　Case　of　Disagreement　between　them；　with　Respect　to　the　Time　of　Adjournment；　he　may　adjourn　them　to　such　Time　as　he　shall　think　proper；　he　shall　receive　Ambassadors　and　other　public　Ministers；　he　shall　take　Care　that　the　Laws　be　faithfully　executed；　and　shall　Commission　all　the　Officers　of　the　United　States。　SECTION。　4。　The　President；　Vice　President　and　all　civil　Officers　of　the　United　State