up from slavery-第35章
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Yours very respectfully；
The Charleston Daily Gazette； The Daily Mail…Tribune； G。W。 Atkinson； Governor； E。L。 Boggs； Secretary to Governor； Wm。 M。O。 Dawson； Secretary of State； L。M。 La Follette； Auditor； J。R。 Trotter； Superintendent of Schools； E。W。 Wilson； ex…Governor； W。A。 MacCorkle； ex…Governor； John Q。 Dickinson； President Kanawha Valley Bank； L。 Prichard； President Charleston National Bank； Geo。 S。 Couch； President Kanawha National Bank； Ed。 Reid； Cashier Kanawha National Bank； Geo。 S。 Laidley； Superintended City Schools； L。E。 McWhorter； President Board of Education； Chas。 K。 Payne； wholesale merchant； and many others。
This invitation； coming as it did from the City Council； the state officers； and all the substantial citizens of both races of the community where I had spent my boyhood； and from which I had gone a few years before； unknown； in poverty and ignorance； in quest of an education； not only surprised me； but almost unmanned me。 I could not understand what I had done to deserve it all。
I accepted the invitation； and at the appointed day was met at the railway station at Charleston by a committee headed by ex…Governor W。A。 MacCorkle； and composed of men of both races。 The public reception was held in the Opera…House at Charleston。 The Governor of the state； the Hon。 George W。 Atkinson； presided； and an address of welcome was made by ex…Governor MacCorkle。 A prominent part in the reception was taken by the coloured citizens。 The Opera…House was filled with citizens of both races； and among the white people were many for whom I had worked when I was a boy。 The next day Governor and Mrs。 Atkinson gave me a public reception at the State House； which was attended by all classes。
Not long after this the coloured people in Atlanta； Georgia； gave me a reception at which the Governor of the state presided； and a similar reception was given me in New Orleans； which was presided over by the Mayor of the city。 Invitations came from many other places which I was not able to accept。
Chapter XVII。 Last Words
Before going to Europe some events came into my life which were great surprises to me。 In fact； my whole life has largely been one of surprises。 I believe that any man's life will be filled with constant； unexpected encouragements of this kind if he makes up his mind to do his level best each day of his lifethat is； tries to make each day reach as nearly as possible the high…water mark of pure； unselfish； useful living。 I pity the man； black or white； who has never experienced the joy and satisfaction that come to one by reason of an effort to assist in making some one else more useful and more happy。
Six months before he died； and nearly a year after he had been stricken with paralysis； General Armstrong expressed a wish to visit Tuskegee again before he passed away。 Notwithstanding the fact that he had lost the use of his limbs to such an extent that he was practically helpless； his wish was gratified； and he was brought to Tuskegee。 The owners of the Tuskegee Railroad； white men living in the town； offered to run a special train； without cost； out of the main stationChehaw； five miles awayto meet him。 He arrived on the school grounds about nine o'clock in the evening。 Some one had suggested that we give the General a 〃pine…knot torchlight reception。〃 This plan was carried out； and the moment that his carriage entered the school grounds he began passing between two lines of lighted and waving 〃fat pine〃 wood knots held by over a thousand students and teachers。 The whole thing was so novel and surprising that the General was completely overcome with happiness。 He remained a guest in my home for nearly two months； and； although almost wholly without the use of voice or limb； he spent nearly every hour in devising ways and means to help the South。 Time and time again he said to me； during this visit； that it was not only the duty of the country to assist in elevating the Negro of the South； but the poor white man as well。 At the end of his visit I resolved anew to devote myself more earnestly than ever to the cause which was so near his heart。 I said that if a man in his condition was willing to think； work； and act； I should not be wanting in furthering in every possible way the wish of his heart。
The death of General Armstrong； a few weeks later； gave me the privilege of getting acquainted with one of the finest； most unselfish； and most attractive men that I have ever come in contact with。 I refer to the Rev。 Dr。 Hollis B。 Frissell； now the Principal of the Hampton Institute； and General Armstrong's successor。 Under the clear； strong； and almost perfect leadership of Dr。 Frissell； Hampton has had a career of prosperity and usefulness that is all that the General could have wished for。 It seems to be the constant effort of Dr。 Frissell to hide his own great personality behind that of General Armstrongto make himself of 〃no reputation〃 for the sake of the cause。
More than once I have been asked what was the greatest surprise that ever came to me。 I have little hesitation in answering that question。 It was the following letter； which came to me one Sunday morning when I was sitting on the veranda of my home at Tuskegee； surrounded by my wife and three children：
Harvard University； Cambridge； May 28； 1896。
President Booker T。 Washington；
My Dear Sir： Harvard University desired to confer on you at the approaching Commencement an honorary degree； but it is our custom to confer degrees only on gentlemen who are present。 Our Commencement occurs this year on June 24； and your presence would be desirable from about noon till about five o'clock in the afternoon。 Would it be possible for you to be in Cambridge on that day？
Believe me； with great regard；
Very truly yours；
Charles W。 Eliot。
This was a recognition that had never in the slightest manner entered into my mind； and it was hard for me to realize that I was to be honoured by a degree from the oldest and most renowned university in America。 As I sat upon my veranda； with this letter in my hand； tears came into my eyes。 My whole former lifemy life as a slave on the plantation； my work in the coal…mine； the times when I was without food and clothing； when I made my bed under a sidewalk； my struggles for an education； the trying days I had had at Tuskegee； days when I did not know where to turn for a dollar to continue the work there； the ostracism and sometimes oppression of my race；all this passed before me and nearly overcame me。
I had never sought or cared for what the world calls fame。 I have always looked upon fame as something to be used in accomplishing good。 I have often said to my friends that if I can use whatever prominence may have come to me as an instrument with which to do good； I am content to have it。 I care for it only as a means to be used for doing good； just as wealth may be used。 The more I come into contact with wealthy people； the more I believe that they are growing in the direction of looking upon their money simply as an instrument which God has placed in their hand for doing good with。 I never go to the office of Mr。 John D。 Rockefeller； who more than once has been generous to Tuskegee； without being reminded of this。 The close； careful； and minute investigation that he always makes in order to be sure that every dollar that he gives will do the most goodan investigation that is just as searching as if he were investing money in a business enterpriseconvinces me that the growth in this direction is most encouraging。
At nine o'clock； on the morning of June 24； I met President Eliot； the Board of Overseers of Harvard University； and the other guests； at the designated place on the university grounds； for the purpose of being escorted to Sanders Theatre； where the Commencement exercises were to be held and degrees conferred。 Among others invited to be present for the purpose of receiving a degree at this time were General Nelson A。 Miles； Dr。 Bell； the inventor of the Bell telephone； Bishop Vincent； and the Rev。 Minot J。 Savage。 We were placed in line immediately behind the President and the Board of Overseers； and directly afterward the Governor of Massachusetts； escorted by the Lancers； arrived and took his place in the line of march by the side of President Eliot。 In the line there were also various other officers and professors； clad in cap and gown。 In this order we marched to Sanders Theatre； where； after the usual Commencement exercises； came the conferring of the honorary degrees。 This； it seems； is always considered the most interesting feature at Harvard。 It is not known； until the individuals appear； upon whom the honorary degrees are to be conferred； and those receiving these honours are cheered by the students and others in proportion to their popularity。 During the conferring of the degrees excitement and enthusiasm are at the highest pitch。
When my name was called； I rose； and President Eliot； in beautiful and strong English； conferred upon me the degree of Master of Arts。 After these exercises were over； those who had received honorary degrees were invited to lunch with the President。 After the lunch we were formed in line again； and were escorted by the Marshal of the day； who that year happened to be Bishop William Lawrence； through the grounds； where； at different points； those who had been honoured were called by name and received the Harvard yell。 This march ended at Memorial Hall； where the alumni dinner was served。 To see over a thousand strong men； representing all that is best in State； Church； business； and education； with the glow and enthusiasm of college loyalty and college pride；which has； I think； a peculiar Harvard flavour；is a sight that does not easily fade from memory。
Among the speakers after dinner were President Eliot； Governor Roger Wolcott； General Miles； Dr。 Minot J。 Savage； the Hon。 Henry Cabot Lodge； and myself。 When I was called upon； I said； among other things：
It would in some measure relieve my embarrassment if I could； even in a slight degree； feel myself worthy of the great honour which you do me to…day。 Why you have called me from the Black Belt of the South； from among my humble people； to share in the honours of this occasion； is not for me to explain； and yet it may not be inappropriate for me to suggest that it seems to me that one of the most vital questions that touch our American life is how to bring the strong； wealthy； and learned into helpful touch with the poorest； most ignorant； and humblest； and at the same time make one appreciate the vitalizing； strengthening influence of the other。 How shall we make the mansion on yon Beacon Street feel and see the need of the spirits in the lowliest cabin in Alabama cotton…fields or Louisiana sugar…bottoms？ This problem Harvard University is solving； not by bringing itself down； but by bringing the masses up。
* * * * * * *
If my life in the past has meant anything in the lifting up of my people and the bringing about of better relations between your race and mine； I assure you from this day it will mean doubly more。 In the economy of God there is but one standard by which an individual can succeedthere is but one for a race。 This country demands that every race shall measure itself by t
