the ways of men(人们的手段)-第1章
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THE WAYS OF MEN
THE WAYS OF MEN
Eliot Gregory
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THE WAYS OF MEN
CHAPTER 1 … 〃UNCLE SAM〃
THE gentleman who graced the gubernatorial arm…chair of our state
when this century was born happened to be an admirer of classic lore and
the sonorous names of antiquity。
It is owing to his weakness in bestowing pompous cognomens on our
embryo towns and villages that to…day names like Utica； Syracuse； and
Ithaca； instead of evoking visions of historic pomp and circumstance； raise
in the minds of most Americans the picture of cocky little cities； rich only
in trolley…cars and Methodist meeting…houses。
When； however； this cultured governor； in his ardor； christened one of
the cities Troy； and the hill in its vicinity Mount Ida； he little dreamed that
a youth was living on its slopes whose name was destined to become a
household word the world over； as the synonym for the proudest and
wealthiest republic yet known to history； a sobriquet that would be
familiar in the mouths of races to whose continents even the titles of
Jupiter or Mars had never penetrated。
A little before this century began； two boys with packs bound on their
stalwart shoulders walked from New York and established a brickyard in
the neighborhood of what is now Perry Street； Troy。 Ebenezer and Samuel
Wilson soon became esteemed citizens of the infant city； their kindliness
and benevolence winning for them the affection and respect of the
community。
The younger brother； Samuel； was an especial favorite with the
children of the place； whose explorations into his deep pockets were
generally rewarded by the discovery of some simple 〃sweet〃 or home…
made toy。 The slender youth with the 〃nutcracker〃 face proving to be the
merriest of playfellows； in their love his little band of admirers gave him
the pet name of 〃Uncle Sam；〃 by which he quickly became known； to the
exclusion of his real name。 This is the kindly and humble origin of a title
the mere speaking of which to…day quickens the pulse and moistens the
eyes of millions of Americans with the same thrill that the dear old flag
arouses when we catch sight of it； especially an unexpected glimpse in
some foreign land。
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With increasing wealth the brick…yard of the Wilson brothers was
replaced by an extensive slaughtering business； in which more than a
hundred men were soon employed … a vast establishment for that day；
killing weekly some thousand head of cattle。 During the military
operations of 1812 the brothers signed a contract to furnish the troops at
Greenbush with meat； 〃packed in full bound barrels of white oak〃； soon
after； Samuel was appointed Inspector of Provisions for the army。
It is a curious coincidence that England also should have taken an ex…
army…contractor as her patron saint； for if we are to believe tradition； St。
George of Cappadocia filled that position unsatisfactorily before he passed
through martyrdom to sainthood。
True prototype of the nation that was later to adopt him as its
godfather； the shrewd and honest patriot； 〃Uncle Sam；〃 not only lived
loyally up to his contracts； giving full measure and of his best； but proved
himself incorruptible； making it his business to see that others too fulfilled
their engagements both in the letter and the spirit； so that the 〃U。S。〃
（abbreviation of United States） which he pencilled on all provisions that
had passed his inspection became in the eyes of officers and soldiers a
guarantee of excellence。 Samuel's old friends； the boys of Troy （now
enlisted in the army）； naively imagining that the mystic initials were an
allusion to the pet name they had given him years before； would accept no
meats but 〃Uncle Sam's；〃 murmuring if other viands were offered them。
Their comrades without inquiry followed this example； until so strong did
the prejudice for food marked 〃U。S。〃 become； that other contractors； in
order that their provisions should find favor with the soldiers； took to
announcing 〃Uncle Sam〃 brands。
To the greater part of the troops； ignorant （as are most Americans to…
day） of the real origin of this pseudonym； 〃Uncle Sam's〃 beef and bread
meant merely government provisions； and the step from national
belongings to an impersonation of our country by an ideal 〃Uncle Sam〃
was but a logical sequence。
In his vigorous old age； Samuel Wilson again lived on Mount Ida； near
the estates of the Warren family； where as children we were taken to visit
his house and hear anecdotes of the aged patriot's hospitality and humor。
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The honor in which he was held by the country…side； the influence for
good he exerted； and the informal tribunal he held； to which his neighbors
came to get their differences straightened out by his common sense； are
still talked of by the older inhabitants。 One story in particular used to
charm our boyish ears。 It was about a dispute over land between the
Livingstons and the Van Rensselaers； which was brought to an end by
〃Uncle Sam's〃 producing a barrel of old papers （confided to him by both
families during the war； for safe keeping） and extracting from this original
〃strong box〃 title deeds to the property in litigation。
Now； in these troubled times of ours； when rumors of war are again in
the air； one's thoughts revert with pleasure to the half…mythical figure on
the threshold of the century； and to legends of the clear…eyed giant； with
the quizzical smile and the tender； loyal heart； whose life's work makes
him a more lovable model and a nobler example to hold up before the
youth of to…day than all the mythological deities that ever disported
themselves on the original Mount Ida。
There is a singular fitness in this choice of 〃Uncle Sam〃 as our patron
saint； for to be honest and loyal and modest； to love little children； to do
one's duty quietly in the heyday of life； and become a mediator in old age；
is to fulfil about the whole duty of man； and every patriotic heart must
wish the analogy may be long maintained； that our loved country； like its
prototype； may continue the protector of the feeble and a peace…maker
among nations。
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CHAPTER 2 … Domestic Despots
THOSE who walk through the well…to…do quarters of our city； and
glance； perhaps a little enviously as they pass； toward the cheerful
firesides； do not reflect that in almost every one of these apparently happy
homes a pitiless tyrant reigns； a misshapen monster without bowels of
compassion or thought beyond its own greedy appetites； who sits like
Sinbad's awful burden on the necks of tender women and distracted men。
Sometimes this incubus takes the form of a pug； sometimes of a poodle； or
simply a bastard cur admitted to the family bosom in a moment of
unreflecting pity； size and pedigree are of no importance； the result is
always the same。 Once Caliban is installed in his stronghold； peace and
independence desert that roof。
We read daily of fathers tyrannizing over trembling families； of
stepmothers and unnatural children turning what might be happy homes
into amateur Infernos； and sigh； as we think of martyrdoms endured by
overworked animals。
It is cheering to know that societies have been formed for the
protection of dumb brutes and helpless children。 Will no attempt be made
to alleviate this other form of suffering； which has apparently escaped the
eye of the reformer？
The animal kingdom is divided … like all Gaul … into three divisions：
wild beasts； that are obliged to hustle for themselves； laboring and
producing animals； for which man provides because they are useful to him
… and dogs！ Of all created things on our globe the canine race have the
softest 〃snap。〃 The more one thinks about this curious exception in their
favor the more unaccountable it appears。 We neglect such wild things as
we do not slaughter； and exact toil from domesticated animals in return for
their keep。 Dogs alone； shirking all cares and labor； live in idle comfort at
man's expense。
When that painful family jar broke up the little garden party in Eden
and forced our first parents to work or hunt for a living； the original Dog
（equally disgusted with either alternative） hit on the luminous idea of
posing as the champion of the disgraced couple； and attached himself to
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Adam and Eve； not that he approved of their conduct； but simply because
he foresaw that if he made himself companionable and cosy he would be
asked to stay to dinner。
From that day to the present； with the exception of occasionally
watching sheep and houses … a lazy occupation at the best … and a little
light carting in Belgium （dogs were given up as turn…spits centuries ago；
because they performed that duty badly）； no canine has raised a paw to do
an honest day's work； neither has any member of the genus been known
voluntarily to perform a useful act。
How then … one asks one's self in a wonder … did the myth originate
that Dog was the friend of Man？ Like a multitude of other fallacies taught
to innocen
