°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > madam how and lady why(ºÀ·òÈ˺ͻ³Å®Ê¿) >

µÚ28ÕÂ

madam how and lady why(ºÀ·òÈ˺ͻ³Å®Ê¿)-µÚ28ÕÂ

С˵£º madam how and lady why(ºÀ·òÈ˺ͻ³Å®Ê¿) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




colours¡¡mark¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡rocks¡¡and¡¡high¡¡mountains¡¡of¡¡Mayo¡¡and¡¡Galway¡¡

and¡¡Kerry£»¡¡which¡¡stand¡¡as¡¡barriers¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡raging¡¡surf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Atlantic¡¡

from¡¡bursting¡¡inland¡¡and¡¡beating¡¡away£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡surely¡¡would¡¡in¡¡course¡¡of¡¡time£»¡¡

the¡¡low¡¡flat¡¡limestone¡¡plain¡¡of¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡Ireland¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡same¡¡coral¡­¡¡

reefs¡¡once¡¡stretched¡¡out¡¡far¡¡to¡¡the¡¡westward¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Atlantic¡¡Ocean£»¡¡and¡¡

you¡¡may¡¡see¡¡the¡¡proof¡¡upon¡¡that¡¡map¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡in¡¡the¡¡western¡¡bays£»¡¡in¡¡Clew¡¡

Bay¡¡with¡¡its¡¡hundred¡¡islands£»¡¡and¡¡Galway¡¡Bay¡¡with¡¡its¡¡Isles¡¡of¡¡Arran£»¡¡and¡¡

beautiful¡¡Kenmare£»¡¡and¡¡beautiful¡¡Bantry£»¡¡you¡¡see¡¡little¡¡blue¡¡spots£»¡¡which¡¡

are¡¡low¡¡limestone¡¡islands£»¡¡standing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡overhung¡¡by¡¡mountains¡¡far¡¡

aloft¡£¡¡You¡¡have¡¡often¡¡heard¡¡those¡¡islands¡¡in¡¡Kenmare¡¡Bay¡¡talked¡¡of£»¡¡and¡¡

how¡¡some¡¡whom¡¡you¡¡know¡¡go¡¡to¡¡fish¡¡round¡¡them¡¡by¡¡night¡¡for¡¡turbot¡¡and¡¡

conger£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡you¡¡hear¡¡them¡¡spoken¡¡of¡¡again£»¡¡you¡¡must¡¡recollect¡¡that¡¡

they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡last¡¡fragments¡¡of¡¡a¡¡great¡¡fringing¡¡coral¡­reef£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡in¡¡a¡¡

few¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡follow¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fate¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡eaten¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

waves£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡rock¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stand¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡

unchanged¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡look¡¡at¡¡England£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡you¡¡will¡¡see¡¡patches¡¡at¡¡least¡¡of¡¡a¡¡great¡¡

coral¡­reef¡¡which¡¡was¡¡forming¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡as¡¡that¡¡Irish¡¡one£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡

which¡¡perhaps¡¡some¡¡of¡¡your¡¡schoolfellows¡¡have¡¡often¡¡stood¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡have¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡112¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡113¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MADAM¡¡HOW¡¡AND¡¡LADY¡¡WHY¡¡



heard¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Vincent's¡¡Rocks¡¡at¡¡Bristol£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡marble¡¡cliffs£»¡¡250¡¡feet¡¡in¡¡

height£»¡¡¡¡¡¡covered¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡rich¡¡¡¡¡¡wood¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡rare¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Avon¡¡

running¡¡through¡¡the¡¡narrow¡¡gorge£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡stately¡¡ships¡¡sailing¡¡far¡¡below¡¡

your¡¡feet¡¡from¡¡Bristol¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Severn¡¡sea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡you¡¡may¡¡see£»¡¡for¡¡here¡¡they¡¡

are£»¡¡¡¡corals¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡Vincent's¡¡¡¡¡¡Rocks£»¡¡¡¡cut¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡polished£»¡¡¡¡showing¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

they¡¡also£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡Dudley¡¡limestone£»¡¡are¡¡made¡¡up¡¡of¡¡corals¡¡and¡¡of¡¡coral¡­¡¡

mud¡£¡¡Now£»¡¡whenever¡¡you¡¡see¡¡St¡£¡¡Vincent's¡¡Rocks£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡suspect¡¡you¡¡very¡¡

soon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will£»¡¡¡¡recollect¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡are£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fancy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡paint¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

yourself¡¡a¡¡picture¡¡as¡¡strange¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fancy¡¡that¡¡those¡¡rocks¡¡are¡¡what¡¡

they¡¡once¡¡were£»¡¡a¡¡coral¡­reef¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡a¡¡shallow¡¡sea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fancy¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡gorge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Avon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡wide¡¡¡¡¡¡Severn¡¡¡¡¡¡seafor¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

eaten¡¡out¡¡by¡¡water¡¡ages¡¡and¡¡ages¡¡afterwards¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡picture¡¡to¡¡yourself¡¡the¡¡

coral¡¡sea¡¡reaching¡¡away¡¡to¡¡the¡¡north£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡foot¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Welsh¡¡mountains£»¡¡

and¡¡then¡¡fancy¡¡yourself£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡will£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡canoe£»¡¡paddling¡¡up¡¡through¡¡the¡¡

coral¡­¡¡¡¡¡¡reefs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡north¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡north£»¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡valley¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Severn¡¡

now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡flows£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Worcestershire£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡

Staffordshire£»¡¡then¡¡through¡¡Derbyshire£»¡¡into¡¡Yorkshire£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡on¡¡through¡¡

Durham¡¡and¡¡Northumberland£»¡¡till¡¡your¡¡find¡¡yourself¡¡stopped¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Ettrick¡¡

hills¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Scotland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡westward¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡you£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

greater¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡

anything¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡geography¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¨Impossible£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

paddle¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tops¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡¡¡¡mountains£»¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡top¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Peak¡¡¡¡in¡¡

Derbyshire£»¡¡over¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡High¡¡Craven¡¡and¡¡Whernside¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Pen¡­y¡­gent¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡Cross¡¡¡¡¡¡Fell£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡paddle¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Cheviot¡¡¡¡¡¡Hills£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡

England¡¡and¡¡Scotland¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡know¡¡it£»¡¡my¡¡child£»¡¡I¡¡know¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡so¡¡it¡¡was¡¡

once¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡¡¡¡¡¡limestone¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡Lancashire¡¡

and¡¡Yorkshirethe¡¡very¡¡chine¡¡and¡¡backbone¡¡of¡¡Englandwere¡¡once¡¡coral¡­¡¡

reefs¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡all¡¡made¡¡up¡¡of¡¡the¡¡carboniferous¡¡

limestone£»¡¡so¡¡called£»¡¡as¡¡your¡¡little¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡Latin¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡you£»¡¡

because¡¡it¡¡carries¡¡the¡¡coal£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡coalfields¡¡usually¡¡lie¡¡upon¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡

may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡impossible¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡remember¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

impossible¡¡with¡¡God¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡coal¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡plants¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡trees£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡

plants¡¡and¡¡trees¡¡grow¡¡on¡¡this¡¡coral¡­reef£¿¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡113¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡114¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MADAM¡¡HOW¡¡AND¡¡LADY¡¡WHY¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡say¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Trees¡¡may¡¡have¡¡grown¡¡on¡¡the¡¡dry¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reef£»¡¡

as¡¡cocoa¡­nuts¡¡grow¡¡now¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Pacific¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡was¡¡not¡¡laid¡¡down¡¡

upon¡¡it¡¡till¡¡long¡¡afterwards£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡through¡¡many¡¡and¡¡strange¡¡

changes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡all¡¡through¡¡the¡¡chine¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡Ireland¡¡

too£»¡¡¡¡there¡¡lies¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡top¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡limestone¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡gritty¡¡¡¡rock£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡

places¡¡three¡¡thousand¡¡feet¡¡thick£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡commonly¡¡called¡¡¡¨the¡¡mill¡­stone¡¡

grit¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡above¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡again¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡coal¡¡¡¡¡¡begins¡£¡¡¡¡Now¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡3000¡¡

feet¡¡of¡¡hard¡¡rock£»¡¡what¡¡must¡¡have¡¡happened£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sea¡­bottom¡¡must¡¡have¡¡

sunk£»¡¡slowly¡¡no¡¡doubt£»¡¡carrying¡¡the¡¡coral¡­reefs¡¡down¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡3000¡¡feet¡¡at¡¡

least¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡meanwhile¡¡sand¡¡and¡¡mud£»¡¡made¡¡from¡¡the¡¡wearing¡¡away¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

old¡¡¡¡¡¡lands¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡settled¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Northfor¡¡there¡¡are¡¡no¡¡fossils£»¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡I¡¡know£»¡¡or¡¡sign¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡in¡¡these¡¡

rocks¡¡of¡¡mill¡­stone¡¡grit£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡reasonable¡¡to¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡they¡¡

were¡¡brought¡¡from¡¡a¡¡cold¡¡current¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Pole£»¡¡too¡¡cold¡¡to¡¡allow¡¡sea¡­beasts¡¡

to¡¡live£»quite¡¡cold¡¡enough£»¡¡certainly£»¡¡to¡¡kill¡¡coral¡¡insects£»¡¡who¡¡could¡¡only¡¡

thrive¡¡in¡¡warm¡¡water¡¡coming¡¡from¡¡the¡¡South¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡go¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡story£»¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡top¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡mill¡­stone¡¡grits¡¡

came¡¡sand¡¡and¡¡mud£»¡¡and¡¡peat£»¡¡and¡¡trees£»¡¡and¡¡plants£»¡¡washed¡¡out¡¡to¡¡sea£»¡¡as¡¡

far¡¡as¡¡we¡¡can¡¡guess£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡mouths¡¡of¡¡vast¡¡rivers¡¡flowing¡¡from¡¡the¡¡West£»¡¡

rivers¡¡as¡¡vast¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Amazon£»¡¡the¡¡Mississippi£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡Orinoco¡¡are¡¡now£»¡¡and¡¡

so¡¡in¡¡long¡¡ages£»¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡limestone¡¡and¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mill¡­¡¡

stone¡¡grit£»¡¡were¡¡laid¡¡down¡¡those¡¡beds¡¡of¡¡coal¡¡which¡¡you¡¡see¡¡burnt¡¡now¡¡in¡¡

every¡¡fire¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡how¡¡did¡¡the¡¡coral¡­reefs¡¡rise¡¡till¡¡they¡¡became¡¡cliffs¡¡at¡¡Bristol¡¡and¡¡

mountains¡¡in¡¡Yorkshire£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡earthquake¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡steam£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡suppose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡raised¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡earthquake¡¡

indeed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡series¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡earthquakes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡¡¡running¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡along¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡

Lancashire¡¡and¡¡Yorkshire£»¡¡which¡¡made¡¡that¡¡vast¡¡crack¡¡and¡¡upheaval¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

rocks£»¡¡the¡¡Craven¡¡Fault£»¡¡running£»¡¡I¡¡believe£»¡¡for¡¡more¡¡than¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡miles£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lifting¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rocks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡

earthquake¡¡helped¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡high¡¡hills¡¡which¡¡overhang¡¡Manchester¡¡and¡¡

Preston£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacturing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡county¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Lancashire¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡

earthquake¡¡helped¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡perpendicular¡¡cliff¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Malham¡¡¡¡Cove£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

many¡¡another¡¡beautiful¡¡bit¡¡of¡¡scenery¡£¡¡And¡¡that¡¡and¡¡other¡¡earthquakes£»¡¡by¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡114¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡115¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MADAM¡¡HOW¡¡AND¡¡LADY¡¡WHY¡¡



heating¡¡the¡¡rocks¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fires¡¡below£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡helped¡¡to¡¡change¡¡them¡¡

from¡¡soft¡¡coral¡¡into¡¡hard¡¡crystalline¡¡marble¡¡as¡¡you¡¡see¡¡them¡¡now£»¡¡just¡¡as¡¡

volcanic¡¡¡¡¡¡heat¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡hardened¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡purified¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beautiful¡¡¡¡¡¡white¡¡¡¡¡¡marbles¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Pentelicus¡¡and¡¡Paros¡¡in¡¡Greece£»¡¡and¡¡Carrara¡¡in¡¡Italy£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡statues¡¡

are¡¡carved¡¡unto¡¡this¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or¡¡the¡¡same¡¡earthquake¡¡may¡¡have¡¡heated¡¡and¡¡

hardened¡¡the¡¡limestones¡¡simply¡¡by¡¡grinding¡¡and¡¡squeezing¡¡them£»¡¡or¡¡they¡¡

may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡heated¡¡and¡¡hardened¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡long¡¡ages¡¡simply¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡weight¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡thousands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡rock¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡

For¡¡pressure£»¡¡you¡¡must¡¡remember£»¡¡produces¡¡heat¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡strike¡¡flint¡¡

and¡¡steel¡¡together£»¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blow¡¡not¡¡only¡¡makes¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡steel¡¡fly¡¡

off£»¡¡but¡¡makes¡¡them¡¡fly¡¡off¡¡in¡¡red¡­hot¡¡sparks¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡hammer¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡

of¡¡iron¡¡with¡¡a¡¡hammer£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡soon¡¡find¡¡it¡¡get¡¡quite¡¡warm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡

squeeze¡¡the¡¡air¡¡together¡¡in¡¡your¡¡pop¡­gun£»¡¡you¡¡actually¡¡make¡¡the¡¡air¡¡inside¡¡

warmer£»¡¡till¡¡the¡¡pellet¡¡flies¡¡out£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡air¡¡expands¡¡and¡¡cools¡¡again¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nay£»¡¡

I¡¡believe¡¡you¡¡cannot¡¡hold¡¡up¡¡a¡¡stone¡¡on¡¡the¡¡palm¡¡of¡¡your¡¡hand¡¡without¡¡that¡¡

stone¡¡after¡¡a¡¡while¡¡warming¡¡your¡¡hand£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡presses¡¡against¡¡you¡¡in¡¡

trying¡¡to¡¡fall£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡press¡¡against¡¡it¡¡in¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡it¡¡up¡£¡¡And¡¡recollect¡¡

above¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡beautiful¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

lucky¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡see¡¡on¡¡the¡¡night¡¡of¡¡the¡¡14th¡¡of¡¡November¡¡1867£»¡¡how¡¡those¡¡

falling¡¡¡¡¡¡stars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡then£»¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡coming¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡boundless¡¡¡¡¡¡space£»¡¡

colder¡¡than¡¡any¡¡ice¡¡on¡¡earth£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡yet£»¡¡simply¡¡by¡¡pressing¡¡against¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡

above¡¡our¡¡heads£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡their¡¡motion¡¡turned¡¡into¡¡heat£»¡¡till¡¡they¡¡burned¡¡

themselves¡¡up¡¡into¡¡trains¡¡of¡¡fiery¡¡dust¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡remember¡¡that¡¡wherever¡¡you¡¡

have¡¡pressure¡¡you¡¡have¡¡heat£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡rocks¡¡upon¡¡

the¡¡lower¡¡is¡¡quite¡¡enough£»¡¡some¡¡think£»¡¡to¡¡account¡¡for¡¡the¡¡older¡¡and¡¡lower¡¡

rocks¡¡being¡¡harder¡¡than¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡and¡¡newer¡¡ones¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡why¡¡should¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡rocks¡¡be¡¡older¡¡and¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡rocks¡¡newer£¿¡¡

You¡¡told¡¡me¡¡just¡¡now¡¡that¡¡the¡¡high¡¡mountains¡¡in¡¡Wales¡¡were¡¡ages¡¡older¡¡

than¡¡Windsor¡¡Forest£»¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡we¡¡stand£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡yet¡¡how¡¡much¡¡lower¡¡we¡¡

are¡¡here¡¡than¡¡if¡¡we¡¡were¡¡on¡¡a¡¡Welsh¡¡mountain¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ah£»¡¡my¡¡dear¡¡child£»¡¡of¡¡course¡¡that¡¡puzzles¡¡you£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡afraid¡¡it¡¡must¡¡

puzzle¡¡you¡¡still¡¡till¡¡we¡¡have¡¡another¡¡talk£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

best¡¡way¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡that¡¡puzzle¡¡to¡¡you¡¡would¡¡be¡¡for¡¡you¡¡and¡¡me¡¡to¡¡go¡¡a¡¡

journey¡¡into¡¡the¡¡far¡¡west£»¡¡and¡¡look¡¡into¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡for¡¡ourselves£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡115¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡116¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MADAM¡¡HOW¡¡AND¡¡LADY¡¡WHY¡¡



here¡¡to¡¡the¡¡far¡¡west¡¡we¡¡will¡¡go£»¡¡either¡¡in¡¡fancy¡¡or¡¡on¡¡a¡¡real¡¡railroad¡¡and¡¡

steamboat£»¡¡before¡¡we¡¡have¡¡another¡¡talk¡¡about¡¡these¡¡things¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡it¡¡is¡¡time¡¡to¡¡stop¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Is¡¡there¡¡anything¡¡more¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡know£¿¡¡for¡¡

you¡¡look¡¡as¡¡if¡¡something¡¡was¡¡puzzling¡¡you¡¡still¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Were¡¡there¡¡any¡¡men¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡while¡¡all¡¡this¡¡was¡¡going¡¡on£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡think¡¡not¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡no¡¡proof¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡not£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡also¡¡we¡¡have¡¡

no¡¡proof¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were£»¡¡the¡¡cave¡­men£»¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡told¡¡you£»¡¡lived¡¡many¡¡

ages¡¡after¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡was¡¡covered¡¡up¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡sorry¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡

no¡¡men¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡then¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Because¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡pity¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡no¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡beautiful¡¡

coral¡­reefs¡¡and¡¡coal¡­forests¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡one¡¡to¡¡see¡¡them£»¡¡my¡¡child£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Who¡¡told¡¡you¡¡that£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Who¡¡told¡¡you¡¡

there¡¡are¡¡not£»¡¡and¡¡never¡¡have¡¡been¡¡any¡¡rational¡¡beings¡¡in¡¡this¡¡vast¡¡uni

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ